Effect of Pyrazole on Ethanol Metabolism in Ethanol-Tolerant Rats

Adult male rats were pair-fed liquid diets, providing 37% of calories as ethanol or sucrose, for 1 month. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in the cytosol fractions of liver homogenates from the two groups did not differ with respect to total activity per 100 g body weight, Km for ethanol, or Ki for pyrazole. Other rats, fed in the same way, were fasted for 18–24 h, then given an intraperitoneal injection of pyrazole followed 1 h later by an injection of ethanol, 3 g/kg. Blood alcohol curves showed an unexplained slower rise to maximum level in the chronic alcohol group. Both groups showed a period of several hours in which the blood alcohol stayed at the respective maximum concentrations, which were higher in the control group. After 7–8 h the alcohol concentration began to fall in both groups, significantly more rapidly in the chronic alcohol-fed animals. A kinetic analysis shows that the results are adequately explained by the known effects of pyrazole on the ADH–mitochondrial system. The results are interpreted as evidence against the function of any microsomal ethanol oxidizing system in vivo.

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Histochemical examination on principal collagen fibers in periodontal ligaments of ascorbic acid-deficient ODS-od/od rats

Microscopy ◽

10.1093/jmicro/dfz021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 349-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomoka Hasegawa ◽

Yukina Miyamoto-Takasaki ◽

Miki Abe ◽

Zixuan Qiu ◽

Tomomaya Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Acid Solution ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Collagen Fibrils ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Ascorbic Acid Solution ◽

Cathepsin H ◽

Periodontal Ligaments

Abstract In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of ascorbic acid in collagen synthesis in periodontal ligaments using osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS)/ShiJcl-od/od rats lacking L-gulonolactone oxidase. These rats cannot synthesize ascorbic acid in vivo. Eight-week-old ODS/ShiJcl-od/od male rats were administered ascorbic acid solution at a concentration of 200 mg/dL (control group, n = 6) or ascorbic acid solution at concentration of 0.3 mg/dL (insufficient group, n = 12). Six rats of the insufficient group were then given with ascorbic acid solution at concentration of 200 mg/dL for additional 3 weeks (rescued group, n = 6), and then, their mandibles were histochemically examined. Consequently, the insufficient group specimens were seen to possess fewer collagen fibers, and silver impregnation revealed numerous fine, reticular fiber-like fibrils branching off from collagen in the periodontal ligaments. In control group, faint immunoreactivities for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and cathepsin H were seen in the periphery of blood vessels and throughout the ligament, respectively. In contrast, in the insufficient group, intense MMP2-immunoreactivity was observed to be associated with collagen fibrils in the periodontal ligaments, and cathepsin H-immunopositivity was seen in ligamentous cells. The rescued group showed abundant collagen fibers filling the periodontal ligament space. Under transmission electron microscopy, ligamentous fibroblasts incorporated collagen fibrils into tubular endosomes/lysosomes while simultaneously synthesizing collagen fibril bundles. Thus, ascorbic acid insufficiency affected the immunolocalization of cathepsin H and MMP2; however, ligamentous fibroblasts appear to possess the potential to synthesize collagen fibers when supplied with ascorbic acid.

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Epidemiology of alcohol-related accidental death in Tokyo Metropolitan area (2015)

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/0025802419843457 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 4-10

Author(s):

Hideto Suzuki ◽

Takanobu Tanifuji ◽

Satoko Kimura ◽

Tatsushige Fukunaga

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Alcohol Group ◽

Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Primary Type ◽

At Home

Background Alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for accidental deaths; however, characteristics of alcohol-related deaths are unclear. We investigated characteristics of alcohol-related accidental deaths to facilitate target strategies. Methods In this article, 1060 cases of accidental deaths examined by the Tokyo Medical Examiner’s Office (2015) were divided into two groups: deceased individuals who drank alcohol (alcohol; n = 212) and those who did not (control; n = 848). Age, sex, alcohol consumption patterns, and manners/causes of deaths were compared. Places where individuals in the alcohol group met with an accident, and their blood alcohol concentration was assessed. Results Lower mean age (60.5 vs. 73.7 years) and a higher male ratio (75.9% vs. 58.5%) were observed in the alcohol group. Daily alcohol consumption was more common in the alcohol group (70.8% vs. 13.4%). Falling was the leading cause of death in the alcohol group, but without a significant difference (alcohol: 31.6%, control: 30.4%). Incidence rates of drowning (22.2% vs. 7.9%) and poisoning (11.3% vs. 2.0%) were significantly higher in the alcohol group. The mean blood alcohol concentration was 1.6 mg/mL. Of the total alcohol-related accidents, 60.8% occurred at home. Falling down the stairs was the primary type of falling, and majority of drownings occurred in a bathtub. Conclusion Male habitual drinkers (middle-aged to older adults) should be targeted to prevent alcohol-related accidental deaths. More than 50% of deaths occurred at home and care should be taken when performing daily activities, including using stairs and while bathing.

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The Dynamics of Subcutaneous Tissue Response to Microorganisms Associated with the Extract of Araçá (Psidium cattleianum): An Edemogenic and Microscopic Analysis

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2017.v20i2.1408 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandra Cury Machado ◽

Denise Belucio Ruviere ◽

Renata Zoccal Novais ◽

Carlos Roberto Emerenciano Bueno ◽

Elerson Gaetti Jardim Jr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Male Rats ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Dorsal Region ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Psidium Cattleianum ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: To evaluate in vivo tissue reaction to the extract of araçá (Psidium cattleianum) associated with inactivated microorganisms. Material and Methods: A 0.1 mL suspension was used containing Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Porphyromonas endodontalis, which were inactivated by heat and mixed into a 1.0 mL saline (control group), an aqueous solution, or a hydroalcoholic extract of araçá. Eighteen male rats (Rattus norvegiccus) under general anesthesia received 0.2 mL of 1% intravenous Evans blue. Thirty minutes later, 0.1 mL of one of the associations was injected into the animals’ dorsal region. The animals were euthanized after 3 and 6 hours, and the materials obtained were placed in formamide for 72 hours then analyzed in a spectrophotometer (λ=630 hm). For the morphological analysis, 30 rats received polyethylene tubes implants with the extracts or the saline with the associations in the dorsal region and euthanized after 7 and 30 days to be analyzed according to an inflammation cell score. Results: No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the edema among groups. The optical microscopy results showed a repair in the 30-day-period, which was higher when compared to the 7-day-period (p<0.0001). Nevertheless, in the 7-day-period, the hydroalcoholic extract presented a significant response compared to the aqueous extract (p=0.05) and a trend for better results than the control group. Conclusion: The aqueous and hydroalcoholic araçá extracts associated with inactivated microorganisms showed similar responses to control, indicating no interference on the toxic effects of the bacterial components in tissue repair.KeywordsAnaerobic bacteria; Edema; Inflammation; Plant extracts; Psidium.

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In vivo evidences of Curcuma longa on oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetes on sperm parameters in male wistar rats

Anatomy Journal of Africa ◽

10.4314/aja.v6i3.163509 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1045-1051

Author(s):

A.J. Olanrewaju ◽

S.Y. Olatunji ◽

J.O. Owolabi ◽

A.T. Oluwatosin ◽

W.C. Amaechi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Positive Control ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Alternative Source

Several conditions such as chemotherapy and toxins can interfere with spermatogenesis and reduce sperm quality and production. In the case where natural antioxidant response cannot manage oxidative stress and free radical overload, oxidative damage occurs and this begins the genesis of many diseases of which diabetes is one of them. This has awakened the interest of researchers to the use of an alternative source of medicine and herbal medicine. Medicinal use of Curcuma longa dates back to ancient China and India; its constituents are stated to have anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, and antioxidant and used since ancient time as medicinal and nutritive origins knowing to possess androgenic activities and have well effect in diseases treatment in more countries world-wide. As an antioxidant Curcuma longa possible has a useful effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Wistar male rats (n=24) were allocated into six groups, positive control (n=4), diabetic control (n=4) and experimental groups (n=20), that subdivided into groups of 4 that received treatment of Curcuma longa rhizome powder with or without STZ-induced diabetes in the dosages (25 and 100mg/kg/day) for 21 consecutive days. In twenty-second day, the testes were removed and semen was collected from epididymis and prepared for analysis. The percentage of sperm viability and motility in the treatment groups increased mildly with a significance of: (p<0.05) in comparison to control group and with the diabetic group being critically lower than those in control group. This suggested that Curcuma longa may be promising in enhancing sperm health parameters.Keywords: Turmeric, oxidative stress, semen, STZ-induced diabetes, antioxidant

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Toxicity of AgNPs upon Liver Function and Positive Role of Tinospora Cordifolia: In Vivo

10.53350/pjmhs211562164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 2164-2166

Author(s):

Samed Abdul Jabbar Ramadhan ◽

Ozdan Akram Ghareeb

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Liver Function ◽

Liver Dysfunction ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Male Rats ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Role

This experiment was premeditated to probe the toxic impact of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) upon liver function parameters in male rats, as well as to demonstrate the protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia (T.C) against liver function disorders caused by AgNPs. Twenty-four rats were classified into four packs, six ones for every pack. Rats were included by control animals without treatment, while the AgNPs group included rats treated with 50μl/kg / day AgNPs. In the AgNPs + T.C group, rats were co-administered of AgNPs at a dose of 50μl/kg with T.C at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Whereas, animals of the T.C pack were treated with 400 mg/kg of T.C. The duration of the experiment was 28 days. After blood samples were taken at the conclusion of the experiment. The levels of biochemical parameters (liver enzymes) such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated to detect liver function abnormalities. Thwe Pw A t e dewoe t ste user e dnoAiwoe se dsnd disnte dnirease in the activity of serum liver enzymes in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05).While T. cordifolia co-treatment significantly reduced the levels of activities of those enzymes. Therefore, it can be considered that T. cordifolia effectively contributes to the protection against liver dysfunction caused by AgNPs in rats. Keywords : Silver Nanoparticles, liver dysfunction, biochemical parameters.

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Intratracheal administration of bone marrow c-kit+ cells offered hopes in ameliorating asthmatic pathologies via the control of miRNA-133 and -126

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21216/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Rahbarghazi ◽

Rana Keyhanmanesh ◽

Fatemeh Mirershadi ◽

Hossain Heiran ◽

Hesam Saghaei Bagheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Male Rats ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Intratracheal Administration ◽

Therapeutic Outcomes ◽

Mirnas Expression

Abstract Background There are still challenges regarding c-kit+ cells therapeutic outcome in the clinical setting. Here, we examined of c-kit+ cells effect on the alleviation of asthma by modulating miRNAs expression.MethodsTo induce asthma, male rats were exposed to ovalbumin. Bone marrow-derived c-kit+ cells were enriched by MACS. Animals were classified into four groups (each in 6 rats). Control rats received PBS intratracheally; Ovalbumin-sensitized rats received PBS intratracheally; Ovalbumin-sensitized rats received PBS intratracheally containing 3×105 c-kit+ and c-kit- cells. Cells were stained with Dil fluorescent dye to track in vivo condition. Pathological changes were monitored in asthmatic rats after transplantation of c-kit+ and c-kit- cells. Serum levels of IL-4 and INF-γ were measured by ELISA. Transcription of miRNAs (-126 and 133) were assessed by real-time PCR analysis.ResultsPathological examination, Th1 and Th2 associated cytokines fluctuation confirmed the occurrence of asthma in rats indicated by chronic changes and prominent inflammation compared to the control group (p<0.05). Both c-kit+ and c-kit- cells were verified in pulmonary niche. Administration of c-kit positive cells had potential to changes INF-γ/IL-4 ratio and closed to the normal values compared to matched-control asthmatic rats (p<0.05). We also found that c-kit+ cells regulated the expression of miRNA-126 and -133, indicated by increase of miRNA-133 and decrease of miRNA-126 compared to cell-free sensitized groups (p<0.05). c-kit- cells were unable to promote any therapeutic outcomes in asthmatic milieu.ConclusionsIn overall, c-kit+ cells had potential to diminish asthma-related pathologies presumably by controlling the transcription of miRNA-126 and -133.

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Ethanol-induced symptoms in patients receiving gemcitabine diluted from a concentrate for solution for infusion containing ethanol

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/1078155217715790 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 511-516

Author(s):

Raúl Diez-Fernández ◽

Rocío Vázquez-Sánchez ◽

Laura López-Esteban ◽

Santos Enrech-Frances ◽

Ana María Sánchez-Peña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Double Blind ◽

Impaired Balance ◽

The Difference ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Purpose Ethanol as an excipient is used to enhance the solubility of gemcitabine, but, sometimes, the dose of ethanol a patient may be given is much higher than the dose considered to be toxic. We aimed to assess ethanol-related symptoms and signs in patients receiving two formulations of gemcitabine, with and without ethanol. Methods A randomized double blind cross-over study was conducted. All patients being treated with gemcitabine received two consecutive doses of the drug, one diluted from a concentrate for solution for infusion (CSI) containing ethanol and the other from a lyophilized powder, without ethanol, which was used as control group. After each administration, patients were surveyed in order to assess the appearance of any alcohol consumption symptoms (dizziness, difficulty speaking, unsteady walking, impaired balance, mood swings and slower reactions). Widmark formula and the amount of alcohol measured on the breath (breathalyzer) were used to estimate blood alcohol concentration. Results Twenty-four patients received both formulations and were included in the analysis. Mean administered ethanol dose when prepared from CSI was 15.81 ± 2.25 g (mean ± SD). When using CSI gemcitabine, estimated blood ethanol concentration was 0.033 g/dl according to Widmark formula and 0.02 g/dl according to breathalyzer results. Although overall incidence of symptoms was higher in the study group, the difference was not statistically significant (33% vs. 25%; p = 0.53). Conclusions These findings prove there is no difference in the onset of ethanol related symptoms when using CSI instead of lyophilized powder on the reconstitution of gemcitabine.

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The toxicity of the technical product, derived triazolinones

Health Care of the Russian Federation ◽

10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-2-83-87 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valery N. Rakitskii ◽

E.G. Chkhvirkiya ◽

T.M. Epishina

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Total Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Technical Product

Introduction. Technical products that are part of pesticides recommended for use in agriculture must undergo a comprehensive sanitary and Toxicological examination, which is the basis for preventing the adverse effects of pesticides on the health of workers and the population, as well as on the sanitary state of the environment. Purpose of research - the study of the biological effect of the technical product derived triazolinthionov, with its repeated oral intake in mammals (rats), justification of the permissible daily dose (DSD) for humans. Material and methods. Chronic (12 months) experiment was conducted on male rats with a body weight of 200-210 g tested doses: 5.0; 50.0 and 500.0 mg/kg body weight (1 control and 3 experimental groups and 20 individuals each). In the dynamics of the experiment, we observed the condition and behavior of animals, water and food consumption, fixed the timing of death, recorded changes in body weight, physiological, biochemical and hematological parameters. Results. It was found that the dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight does not cause significant changes in all studied parameters, doses of 50.0 and 500.0 mg/kg body weight had a polytropic effect on the body of experimental animals. Discussion. The studied technical product at repeated intake in doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg of body weight causes changes in the state of the Central nervous system of animals (statistically significant changes in SPP, total activity, path length, rest time), as well as changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and lipoprotein metabolism in the body, as evidenced by statistically significant changes in biochemical and hematological indicators. Consequently, doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg of body weight have a polytropic effect on the body of male rats and are effective. The dose of 5.0 mg/kg of body weight, when administered in animals of the experimental group in comparison with animals of the control group, there are no changes in all the studied parameters throughout the experiment, is accepted as invalid. On the basis of an inactive dose of 5.0 mg/kg of body weight and a reserve factor of 100, we have scientifically justified DSD for humans at the level of 0.05 mg/kg. Conclusion. Studies have shown that long-term repeated oral administration of the studied product into the body of animals (male rats) at a dose of 5.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight does not cause statistically significant changes in all the studied parameters, so the indicated dose is invalid. Doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg MT have a polytropic effect on the body of male rats and are effective. DSD for humans at the level of 0.05 mg/kg is justified based on the inactive dose at the level of 5.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight, established in a 12-month chronic experiment conducted on male rats, and the reserve coefficient of 100 (taking into account the unexpressed specific and long-term effects).

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Improved Chondrogenic Performance With Protective Tracheal Design of Chitosan Membrane Surrounding 3D-Printed Trachea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-148530/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hyeonji Kim ◽

Jae Yeon Lee ◽

Hyeonseok Han ◽

Won-Woo Cho ◽

Hohyeon Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrospinning Process ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Cartilage Reconstruction ◽

Engineered Tissue ◽

3D Printed ◽

Tracheal Tissue

Abstract In recent tracheal tissue engineering, limitations in cartilage reconstruction, caused by immature delivery of chondrocyte-laden components, have been reported beyond the complete epithelialization and integration of the tracheal substitutes with the host tissue. In an attempt to overcome such limitations, this article introduces a protective design of tissue-engineered trachea (TraCHIM) composed of a chitosan-based nanofiber membrane (CHIM) and a 3D-printed biotracheal construct. The CHIM was created from chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) using an electrospinning process. Upon addition of chitosan to PCL, the diameter of electrospun fibers became thinner, allowing them to be stacked more closely, thereby improving its mechanical properties. Chitosan also enhances the hydrophilicity of the membranes, preventing them from slipping and delaminating over the cell-laden bioink of the biotracheal graft, as well as protecting the construct. Two weeks after implantation in Sprague-Dawley male rats, the group with the TraCHIM exhibited a higher number of chondrocytes, with enhanced chondrogenic performance, than the control group without the membrane. This study successfully demonstrates enhanced chondrogenic performance of TraCHIM in vivo. The protective design of TraCHIM opens a new avenue in engineered tissue research, which requires faster tissue formation from 3D biodegradable materials, to achieve complete replacement of diseased tissue.

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Auto-brewery syndrome: Ethanol pseudo-toxicity in diabetic and hepatic patients

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327116661400 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 445-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

EM Hafez ◽

MA Hamad ◽

M Fouad ◽

A Abdel-Lateff

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽

Headspace Gas

Endogenous alcohol has been applied for spontaneous ethanol production via different metabolic pathways of the human body. Auto-brewery syndrome describes the patients with alcohol intoxication after ingesting carbohydrate-rich meals. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM), liver cirrhosis (LC) and presence of both (DM and LC) on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) especially after carbohydrate ingestion. BAC has been measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in three groups of humans namely control, DM, LC and both (DM and LC) groups. The results showed that BAC in control group was 0.01–.3 mg/dL with mean 0.3 ± 0.41 mg/dL. In patients with DM, BAC is significantly higher than that of control group 4.85 ± 3.96 mg/dL. In patients with LC, BAC was 3.45 ± 2.65 mg/dL. In patients with both DM and LC, BAC increases to reach 10.88 ± 5.36 mg/dL. Endogenous ethanol production appears to increase in DM and LC. Also, it increased much more in patients with both diseases, but it did not reach toxic levels. On comparing BAC and blood glucose level in each group, all groups show insignificant correlations ( p > 0.05).

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