Asynchronous maturation of the sexes may limit close inbreeding in a subsocial spider

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd C Bukowski ◽  
Leticia Avilés
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Sexual Receptivity ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Final Molt ◽  
Asynchronous Maturation ◽  
Close Inbreeding

We studied the temporal patterns of maturation and sexual receptivity of a subsocial spider, Anelosimus cf. jucundus, in southern Arizona. In subsocial spiders, sibling males and females share a common nest for a large portion of their life cycle, often only dispersing short distances close to the mating season. We found that, on average, male A. cf. jucundus matured 9 days earlier than females and that females did not become sexually receptive until 10 days following their final molt to maturity. The periods of sexual receptivity of sibling males and females, therefore, would be separated in time by a significant fraction of an adult male's life cycle. We also found significant asynchrony in maturation dates across nests and nest clusters at the two collection localities. We suggest that these temporal patterns may limit the opportunities for sibling males and females to mate with each other, thus explaining the apparent absence of mechanisms to discriminate against kin as mates in this species.

Life cycle and mating behavior of Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) on excised Musa cavendishii roots

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Karakaş
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Final Molt

AbstractThe life cycle and mating behavior of Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) were observed in vitro on excised roots of Musa cavendishii in gnotobiotic culture. Eggs hatched into juveniles whose appearance and structure were similar to those of the adults. Juveniles grew in size and each juvenile stage was terminated by a molt. H. multicinctus had four juvenile stages. The first molt occurred outside the egg shortly after hatching. After the final molt the juveniles differentiated into adult males and females. Mating was required for reproduction. After mating, fertilized females began to lay eggs. The life cycle from second stage juvenile to second stage juvenile was completed in 39 days.

scholarly journals Development and reproduction of Podisus distinctus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed on larva of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Lacerda ◽  
A. M. R. M. Ferreira ◽  
T. V. Zanuncio ◽  
J. C. Zanuncio ◽  
A. S. Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Biological control has been reducing the use of chemical products against insect pests, specially predatory Pentatomidae. Species of this group can present high variations in their life cycle as a result of their diet. Thus, the objective of this research was to study nymph development and reproduction of Podisus distinctus (Stäl, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed on Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) larvae (T1), compared to those fed on Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (T2) and Musca domestica L., 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae (T3) at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 2%, and photophase of 12 h. Predators fed on B. mori showed duration of the nymph phase (18.68 ± 1.02) similar to those fed on T. molitor (18.32 ± 1.49). Pre-oviposition and oviposition periods and number of egg masses, besides eggs and nymphs per female, were higher with B. mori (5.83 ± 2.02; 15.00 ± 7.40; 8.42 ± 1.84; 296.69 ± 154.75; and 228.55 ± 141.04, respectively) while longevity of males and females of P. distinctus was 25.76 ± 16.15 and 35.00 ± 16.15 days with T. molitor, and 20.57 ± 13.60 and 23.46 ± 12.35 days with B. mori, respectively.

scholarly journals Multispecies Transcriptomics Data Set of Brugia malayi, Its Wolbachia Endosymbiont wBm, and Aedes aegypti across the B. malayi Life Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Chung ◽  
Laura Teigen ◽  
Silvia Libro ◽  
Robin E. Bromley ◽  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stage 1

Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptomics data set of Brugia malayi, its Wolbachia endosymbiont wBm, and its vector host. This study samples from 16 stages across the entire B. malayi life cycle, including stage 1 through 4 larvae, adult males and females, embryos, immature microfilariae, and mature microfilariae.

scholarly journals The genital and anal papillae of Compsura heterura (Characidae: Cheirodontinae): morphological structure and possible role in insemination

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Queiroz Lezama ◽  
Luiz R. Malabarba
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Genital Papilla ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Anal Organ ◽  
Tubular Shape ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT The function of the genital and anal papillae for insemination in Compsura heterura is discussed based on the description of their morphologies at different stages of the life cycle and during copulation and spawning. In males and females both the genital and anal papillae are involved in copulation in C. heterura. A pre-anal organ, anterior to the anus and stretched posteriorly, is present in adult males. The openings of the urinary channel and oviduct are separate in females. During copulation, there is an approximation between the female genital and anal papillae which become temporarily juxtaposed, forming a chamber enclosing the opening of the oviduct, which may also function in sperm capture. During spawning, the lateral edges of the female genital papilla are projected anteriorly, acquiring a tubular shape for oviposition.

scholarly journals Natural history of Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae) I: observations on habitats and the development of chromatic patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. ALMEIDA ◽  
E. F. RAMOS ◽  
E. GOUVÊA ◽  
M. do CARMO-SILVA ◽  
J. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Phoneutria Nigriventer

Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 is a common species in several spots of Mata Atlântica, however there is a great lack of studies in all aspects of its natural history. This work aims to elucidate aspects of ecotope preference compared to large spiders, and to provide data on the development of chromatic patterns during its life cycle. The observations on the behavior of C. medius were done in the campus of Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa (UBM) by means of observations and nocturnal collections using cap lamps. For observations on the development of chromatic patterns, spiderlings raised in laboratory, hatched from an oviposition of a female from campus of UBM, and others spiderlings collected in field were used. The field observations indicate that: C. medius seems to prefer ecotopes characterized by dense shrub vegetation or herbal undergrowth; Lycosa erythrognatha and L. nordeskioldii seems to prefer open sites; Phoneutria nigriventer seems to prefer shrub vegetation and anthropogenic ecotopes as rubbish hills; Ancylometes sp. seems to prefer ecotopes near streams. Concerning chromatic patterns, it was observed that males and females show well distinct patterns during the last two instars, allowing distinction by sex without the use of a microscope. Through chromatic patterns it was also possible to draw a distinction between C. medius and C. ornatus longer that 3 mm cephalothorax width. 69 specimens of C. medius (males and females) collected in the campus of UBM did not show a striking polymorphism in chromatic pattern, but one among 7 adult females collected in National Park of Itatiaia, showed a distinct chromatic pattern.

Notes on the biology of Ollarianus balli (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a newly-discovered leafhopper vector of plant mycoplasmas in Jamaica

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Dabek
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Leafhopper Vector ◽  
Suitable Temperature ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Wild Legume

AbstractOllarianus balli (Van D.), a leafhopper vector of disease-associated mycoplasma-like organisms, was found to be rare in Jamaica. Its distribution and frequency were governed primarily by the distribution and density of its specific field host, the wild legume Rhynchosia minima on which it completes its life-cycle. Under suitable temperature conditions, O. balli was easily reared in captivity on R. minima and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), although the latter is not a natural host. It oviposited into the hypodermal tissues covering veins of sterns, petioles and the abaxial surfaces of older leaves. Eggs hatched 10–15 days after oviposition and there were five nymphal instars. Instar 1 was distinct from instars 2–5 which, except for size, were similar in appearance. The first adults matured some three weeks after the final moult. There appeared to be little difference in the average life-span of males and females of O. balli.

Observations and Experiments on some Larval Trematodes of Freshwater Snails and Fish from Southern Iceland

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blair
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Summer Temperatures

During the Glasgow University Iceland Expedition in 1972 freshwater snails and fish in southern Iceland were sampled for larval trematodes. This survey was prompted by the lack of literature concerning larval trematodes there. Indeed, the apparent absence of liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (L.1758) from Iceland, (Palsson, pers. comm.) despite the presence of its molluscan and definitive hosts and the low summer temperatures, might lead to the supposition that climatic conditions are too harsh to permit completion of many trematode life-cycles. A number of adult trematodes have been reported from migratory birds in Iceland (Brinkmann 1956), although these parasites could have been acquired elsewhere. However, Crepidostomum farionis (Müller, 1784) from the gut of trout and char in Iceland (Brinkmann 1956) presumably completes its life cycle in freshwater there, although this has yet to be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Lysosomal Fusion Is Essential for the Retention of Trypanosoma cruzi Inside Host Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 200 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana O. Andrade ◽  
Norma W. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Kinase Inhibition

Trypomastigotes, the highly motile infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, are capable of infecting several cell types. Invasion occurs either by direct recruitment and fusion of lysosomes at the plasma membrane, or through invagination of the plasma membrane followed by intracellular fusion with lysosomes. The lysosome-like parasitophorous vacuole is subsequently disrupted, releasing the parasites for replication in the cytosol. The role of this early residence within lysosomes in the intracellular cycle of T. cruzi has remained unclear. For several other cytosolic pathogens, survival inside host cells depends on an early escape from phagosomes before lysosomal fusion. Here, we show that when lysosome-mediated T. cruzi invasion is blocked through phosophoinositide 3-kinase inhibition, a significant fraction of the internalized parasites are not subsequently retained inside host cells for a productive infection. A direct correlation was observed between the lysosomal fusion rates after invasion and the intracellular retention of trypomastigotes. Thus, formation of a parasitophorous vacuole with lysosomal properties is essential for preventing these highly motile parasites from exiting host cells and for allowing completion of the intracellular life cycle.

Denticulobasis and Tuberculobasis, new genera close to Leptobasis, with description of ten new species (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2108 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELO B. M. MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
South America ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Males And Females

Two new genera, Denticulobasis and Tuberculobasis, are described. Denticulobasis contains three species: D. dunklei sp. nov. from Loreto, Peru, and D. garrisoni sp.nov. and D. ariken sp. nov. from Rondônia, Brazil. Tuberculobasis includes 12 spp., all from South America, seven of which are new, viz.: T. arara sp. nov. from Rondônia, Brazil, T. geijskesi sp.nov. from Suriname, T. guarani sp. nov. from São Paulo, Brazil, T. karitiana sp.nov. from Rondônia, Brazil, T. macuxi sp.nov. from Roraima, Brazil, T. tirio sp. nov. from Pará, Brazil, and T. williamsoni sp.nov. from Colombia and Venezuela. Five species are herein transferred from Leptobasis Selys, 1877 to Tuberculobasis: L. cardinalis (Fraser, 1946), L. costalimai Santos, 1957, L. inversa Selys, 1876, L. mammilaris Calvert, 1909, and L. yanomami De Marmels, 1992. The new genera are close to Leptobasis; differences between them are analyzed and their diagnostic characters are described. In addition, diagnostic characters of females of three species of Tuberculobasis, most likely new, are illustrated but they are not named. A key for males and females of Tuberculobasis is provided, and an attempt to understand their life cycle is made.

Age, growth and maturation of the European squid Loligo vulgaris (Myopsida, Loliginidae) on the west Saharan shelf

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Arkhipkin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gompertz Function ◽  
The West ◽  
Loligo Vulgaris ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July

Age, growth and maturation of Loligo vulgaris were studied by examination of growth increments within statoliths of 294 specimens (mantle length, ML, ranging from 31 to 498 mm) caught on the west Saharan shelf between 1985 and 1988. Maximum age was 335 d (290 mm ML) for females, and 396 d (498 mm ML) for males. Growth rates varied considerably among individuals with a greater range in males. Sexual dimorphism in length was apparent after about 210 d. Males and females diverged considerably in weight, with males reaching a greater weight after about 180 d. Growth in length between 124 and 396 d was best described by a power function, while growth in weight was best described by the Gompertz function. Males started maturing at 180–210 d and mature males ranged in age between 250 and 396 d; while females started maturing at 240–270 d and mature females ranged between 285 and 335 d. Loligo vulgaris hatched throughout the year with two distinct peaks; in winter (December - early March) and summer (June-July). The life cycle of L. vulgaris populations on the west Saharan shelf lasts ~1 y, with large males (>450 mm ML) living slightly longer.

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