scholarly journals The hadronic $$\tau $$ decay $$\tau ^-\rightarrow K_1^-\nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^-\omega ) \nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^- \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0)\nu _\tau $$ and the axial vector mixing angle

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hayasaka ◽  
Z. Huang ◽  
E. Kou

AbstractWe propose to measure the $$\tau ^-\rightarrow K_1^-\nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^-\omega ) \nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^- \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0)\nu _\tau \ $$ τ - → K 1 - ν τ → ( K - ω ) ν τ → ( K - π + π - π 0 ) ν τ decay in order to determine the $$K_1$$ K 1 axial vector mixing angle $$\theta _{K_1}$$ θ K 1 . We derive, for the first time, the differential decay rate formula for this decay mode. Using the obtained result, we perform a sensitivity study for the Belle (II) experiment. We will show that the $$K^-\pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0$$ K - π + π - π 0 spectrum of the $$\tau ^-\rightarrow K_1^-\nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^-\omega ) \nu _\tau \rightarrow (K^- \pi ^+\pi ^-\pi ^0)\nu _\tau \ $$ τ - → K 1 - ν τ → ( K - ω ) ν τ → ( K - π + π - π 0 ) ν τ decay can discriminate the two solutions $$\theta _{K_1}=\sim 30^{\circ }$$ θ K 1 = ∼ 30 ∘ or $$\sim 60^{\circ }$$ ∼ 60 ∘ observed in the other measurements.

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Archibald

Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.


2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Forouharfar

The paper was shaped around the pivotal question: Is SE a sound and scientific field of research? The question has given a critical tone to the paper and has also helped to bring out some of the controversial debates in the realm of SE. The paper was organized under five main discussions to be able to provide a scientific answer to the research question: (1)<b> </b>is “social entrepreneurship” an oxymoron?, (2) the characteristics of SE knowledge, (3) sources of social entrepreneurship knowledge, (4) SE knowledge: structure and limitations and (5) contributing epistemology-making concepts for SE.<b> </b>Based on the sections,<b> </b>the study relied on the relevant philosophical schools of thought in <i>Epistemology </i>(e.g. <i>Empiricism</i>, <i>Rationalism</i>, <i>Skepticism</i>, <i>Internalism</i> vs. <i>Externalism</i>,<i> Essentialism, Social Constructivism</i>, <i>Social Epistemology, etc.</i>) to discuss these controversies around SE and proposes some solutions by reviewing SE literature. Also, to determine the governing linguistic discourse in the realm of SE, which was necessary for our discussion,<i> Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)</i> for the first time in SE studies was used. Further, through the study, SE buzzwords which constitute SE terminology were derived and introduced to help us narrowing down and converging the thoughts in this field and demarking the epistemological boundaries of SE. The originality of the paper on one hand lies in its pioneering discussions on SE epistemology and on the other hand in paving the way for a construction of sound epistemology for SE; therefore in many cases after preparing the philosophical ground for the discussions, it went beyond the prevalent SE literature through meta-analysis to discuss the cases which were raised. The results of the study verified previously claimed embryonic pre-paradigmatic phase in SE which was far from a sound and scientific knowledge, although the scholarly endeavors are the harbingers of such a possibility in the future which calls for further mature academic discussion and development of SE knowledge by the SE academia.


Author(s):  
Caroline Durand

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ablikim ◽  
◽  
M. N. Achasov ◽  
P. Adlarson ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
...  

Abstract The decays D → K−π+π+π− and D → K−π+π0 are studied in a sample of quantum-correlated $$ D\overline{D} $$ D D ¯ pairs produced through the process e+e− → ψ(3770) → $$ D\overline{D} $$ D D ¯ , exploiting a data set collected by the BESIII experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1. Here D indicates a quantum superposition of a D0 and a $$ {\overline{D}}^0 $$ D ¯ 0 meson. By reconstructing one neutral charm meson in a signal decay, and the other in the same or a different final state, observables are measured that contain information on the coherence factors and average strong-phase differences of each of the signal modes. These parameters are critical inputs in the measurement of the angle γ of the Unitarity Triangle in B− → DK− decays at the LHCb and Belle II experiments. The coherence factors are determined to be RK3π = $$ {0.52}_{-0.10}^{+0.12} $$ 0.52 − 0.10 + 0.12 and $$ {R}_{K{\pi \pi}^0} $$ R K ππ 0 = 0.78 ± 0.04, with values for the average strong-phase differences that are $$ {\delta}_D^{K3\pi }=\left({167}_{-19}^{+31}\right){}^{\circ} $$ δ D K 3 π = 167 − 19 + 31 ° and $$ {\delta}_D^{K{\pi \pi}^0}=\left({196}_{-15}^{+14}\right){}^{\circ} $$ δ D K ππ 0 = 196 − 15 + 14 ° , where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions. The analysis is re-performed in four bins of the phase-space of the D → K−π+π+π− to yield results that will allow for a more sensitive measurement of γ with this mode, to which the BESIII inputs will contribute an uncertainty of around 6°.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaustav Chakraborty ◽  
Debajyoti Dutta ◽  
Srubabati Goswami ◽  
Dipyaman Pramanik

Abstract We study the physics potential of the long-baseline experiments T2HK, T2HKK and ESSνSB in the context of invisible neutrino decay. We consider normal mass ordering and assume the state ν3 as unstable, decaying into sterile states during the flight and obtain constraints on the neutrino decay lifetime (τ3). We find that T2HK, T2HKK and ESSνSB are sensitive to the decay-rate of ν3 for τ3/m3 ≤ 2.72 × 10−11s/eV, τ3/m3 ≤ 4.36 × 10−11s/eV and τ3/m3 ≤ 2.43 × 10−11s/eV respectively at 3σ C.L. We compare and contrast the sensitivities of the three experiments and specially investigate the role played by the mixing angle θ23. It is seen that for experiments with flux peak near the second oscillation maxima, the poorer sensitivity to θ23 results in weaker constraints on the decay lifetime. Although, T2HKK has one detector close to the second oscillation maxima, having another detector at the first oscillation maxima results in superior sensitivity to decay. In addition, we find a synergy between the two baselines of the T2HKK experiment which helps in giving a better sensitivity to decay for θ23 in the higher octant. We discuss the octant sensitivity in presence of decay and show that there is an enhancement in sensitivity which occurs due to the contribution from the survival probability Pμμ is more pronounced for the experiments at the second oscillation maxima. We also obtain the combined sensitivity of T2HK+ESSνSB and T2HKK+ESSνSB as τ3/m3 ≤ 4.36 × 10−11s/eV and τ3/m3 ≤ 5.53 × 10−11s/eV respectively at 3σ C.L.


Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Haifa I. Alrebdi ◽  
Thabit Barakat

Within the framework of the light-cone QCD sum rules method (LCSR’s), the radiative Δ(1600)→γN decay is studied. In particular, the magnetic dipole moment GM1(0) and the electric quadrupole moment GE1(0) are estimated. We also calculate the ratio REM=−GE1(0)GM1(0) and the decay rate. The predicted multipole moments and the decay rate strongly agree with the existing experimental results as well as with the other available phenomenological approaches.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Gaojian Zhang ◽  
Tayyab Rehman ◽  
Jianxion Han ◽  
Sabir Khan ◽  
...  

The New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is among the most threatening forms of carbapenemases produced by K. pneumoniae, well-known to cause severe worldwide infections. The molecular epidemiology of blaNDM-1-harboring K. pneumoniae is not well elucidated in Pakistan. Herein, we aim to determine the antibiotics-resistance profile, genes type, molecular type, and plasmid analysis of 125 clinically isolated K. pneumoniae strains from urine samples during July 2018 to January 2019 in Pakistan. A total of 34 (27.2%) K. pneumoniae isolates were carbapenemases producers, and 23 (18.4%) harbored the blaNDM-1 gene. The other carbapenemases encoding genes, i.e., blaIMP-1 (7.2%), blaVIM-1 (3.2%), and blaOXA-48 (2.4%) were also detected. The Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) results revealed that all blaNDM-1-harboring isolates were ST11. The other sequence types detected were ST1, ST37, and ST105. The cluster analysis of Xbal Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed variation amongst the clusters of the identical sequence type isolates. The blaNDM-1 gene in all of the isolates was located on a 45-kb IncX3 plasmid, successfully transconjugated. For the first time, blaNDM-1-bearing IncX3 plasmids were identified from Pakistan, and this might be a new primary vehicle for disseminating blaNDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae as it has a high rate of transferability.


1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hall

1. In their fundamental paper of 1949, Higman, Neumann and Neumann proved for the first time that a countable group can always be embedded in some 2-generator group: [1], Theorem IV. Two kinds of improvement of this result have recently appeared. In [4], Theorem 2, Dark has shown that the embedding can always be made subnormally. On the other hand, in [2], Theorem 2.1, Levin has shown that the two generators can be given preassigned orders m > 1 and n > 2; and in [3], Miller and Schupp prove that the 2-generator group can also be made to satisfy several additional requirements, such as being complete and Hopfian.


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