Structural Determination and Antioxidant Activity of a Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of Cultured Cordyceps sinensis

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 977-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Yun Ling ◽  
Weiqiang Fan ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Chelating Activity

A water-soluble polysaccharide named CPS1 had been isolated from C. sinensis mycelium by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange, and gel-permeation chromatography. UV spectra, FTIR spectra, partial acid hydrolysis, PMP precolumn derivation, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation studies were conducted to elucidate its structure. The results indicated that CPS1 was a glucomannogalactan with the monosaccharide composition of glucose: mannose: galactose = 2.8: 2.9: 1. The total carbohydrate content of CPS1 was 99.0%. The weight-average molecular weight was 8.1 × 103 Da . The results predicted (1 → 2) and (1 → 4)-linkage of mannose, (1 → 3)-linkage of galactose, (1 → ) and (1 → 3, 6)-linkage of glucose composed the backbone of CPS1. CPS1 was also evaluated for its antioxidant activity in vitro, including scavenging effects on the hydroxyl radicals, the reducing power, Fe2+ -chelating activity, scavenging effect on superoxide radicals, as well as the inhibition of hydrogen peroxide induced haemolysis. CPS1 showed a high antioxidant effect, especially scavenging effect of hydroxyl radicals, the reducing power and Fe2+ -chelating activity. The results provide scientific support for the antioxidant activity and indicated a connection between antioxidant activity and reparation of renal failure.

CONSTITUTION OF A WATER SOLUBLE HEMICELLULOSE FROM AMERICAN BEECHWOOD (FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA)

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Homogeneous Fraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Extraction of beechwood chlorite holocellulose with hot water yielded a hemicellulose in 13.4% yield (based on original extractive-free wood) containing D-xylose 72%, D-galactose 11.0%, and uronic acid 13.2%. Purification of the crude hemicellulose by complexing with Fehling's solution yielded a chemically homogeneous fraction containing D-xylose 83% and 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid 15.5%. Hydrolysis of the fully methylated hemicellulose yielded 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-xylose, 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-xylose, 3-O-methyl-D-xylose, and 3-O-methyl-2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-xylose in a molar ratio of 2:35:3:5. On the basis of the methylation data, periodate oxidation, reducing power determinations, and weight average molecular weight values a possible structure for the hemicellulose is proposed.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction, Antioxidant Activity and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from Oenothera Biennis L. Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 02025
Author(s):  
Zhou Yong Dong ◽  
Xin Song Yin ◽  
Shu Lin Liu ◽  
Tie Hua Zhang ◽  
Hui Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

This paper studies the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Oenothera biennis L. leaves using Box-Behnken design, and their in vitro antioxidant activity and structure. It is demonstrated that the optimum extraction conditions are: the ultrasonic power at 400 W, solvent-tosample ratio of 23:1 (mL/g), ultrasonication temperature at 53 °C, and time for 36 min, under which the yield of polysaccharides from Oenothera biennis L. leaves, namely 3.54%, remains close to the predicted value in the model. The assays of the scavenging effect on DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals, and of the reducing power indicate that polysaccharides from Oenothera biennis L. leaves possess strong antioxidant activity and certain relationship exists between their dose and effect in the concentration range of the experiment; Fourier IR spectroscopy reveals that characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharides can be seen from the sample; the DE-52 cellulose column chromatography, HPLC profiles, and GC-MS chromatogram identify the obtained OCP-2 as heteropolysaccharides, whose major components, including arabinose, mannose, galactose, and talose, have an average molecular weight of 5435 Da.

Characterization and Antitumor Activity of a Glucan Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Shi Gang Li ◽  
Yong Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Relationship Analysis

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as HPS-1 was isolated from the roots of Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz by hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography and tested for its antitumor activity. Its structural characteristics were investigated by FTIR, HPLC, NMR spectroscopy, GLCMS, methylation analysis, Periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. Based on the data obtained, HPS-1 was found to be an α- (14)-D-glucan, with a single α-D-glucose at the C-6 position every nine residue, on average, along the main chain. The glucan has a weight-average molecular weight of about 9.4×104 Da. MTT assay revealed that HPS-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of Human hepatocellular carcinoma HEP-G2 cells and human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells in vitro, indicating HPS-1 could have a possible cancer therapeutic potential.

Characterization and Suppressive Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide in Glomerulonephritis Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1713-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Gang Li ◽  
Yong Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as APS was isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus by hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography and tested for its renal protective effect. Its structural characteristics were investigated by FTIR, AMLC, NMR spectroscopy, GLC–MS, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. Based on the data obtained, APS was found to be a α - (1-4)-D -glucan, with a single α- D-glucose at the C-6 position every nine residue, on average, along the main chain. The glucan has a weight-average molecular weight of about 3.6×104 Da. 24h Urine protein quantification and morphological observation, NF-κB protein expression and IL-2, IL-6 and TNF- α concentrations were significantly decreased by APS treatment, clearly suggesting that APS is effective in protecting against glomerulonephritis induced by C-BSA through the inhibition of NF- κB mediated-cytokine pathway.

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

2011 ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Klaus ◽  
Maja Kozarski ◽  
Miomir Niksic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.:Fr.) Karst is one of the medicinal mushrooms, which possesses enviable antioxidant properties. Objective of this investigation was to evaluate antioxidant activity, reducing power, scavenging abilities on 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and chelating effects on ferrous ions of hot water extracts obtained from carpophore and spores of this mushroom. Hot water extract from carpophore (Gl-I) showed high antioxidant activity of 85.7 ? 0.7%, at 10 mg/ml, while antioxidant activity of hot water extract from spores (Gl-Is) was 9.2 ? 0.3% at 10 mg/ml. Reducing power of Gl-I reached a plateau of 3.4 ? 0.1 at 20 mg/ml, and 0.3 ? 0.0 at 20 mg/ml for Gl-Is. At 10 mg/ml, scavenging ability on DPPH radicals of Gl-I increased to 96.8 ? 2.5%, whereas Gl-Is scavenged DPPH radicals by 69.6 ? 2.5% at 10 mg/ml. Gl-I chelated 81.6 ? 3.6 % of ferrous ions at 20 mg/ml, while the chelating effect of Gl-Is was 73.8 ? 1.7%. The antioxidative activities of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of the mushroom G. lucidum were concentration dependent and increased with an increase in the concentration.

Separation and Properties of Polysaccharides from Asparagus (Officinalis L) Old Stalks

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Song ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yan Zhao ◽  
Hai Feng Qian
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Ethanol Precipitation

The polysaccharides of the asparagus old stalks was seperated by ethanol precipitation and ultrafiltration. The molecular weigh distribution and antioxidative capacity of the extracts of the alcohol precipitation(C-1), ultrafiltration retention(C-2), and ultrafiltration penetrates (C-3) were further evaluated. The polysaccharides yields of the C-1, C-2, and C-3 were 1.53, 1.21, and 0.71%, respectively. The weigh average molecular weight of C-1, C-2, and C-3 were 163900, 135880, and 61063 Da, respectively. C-2 showed the strongest antioxidant capacity in all extracts by the scavenging effect on DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, the ultrafiltration was an alternative to separate the polysaccharides from the asparagus old stalks and kept their antioxidatant capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of packaging on phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant characteristics of mechanical cabinet dried wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Abhimanyu Thakur ◽  
NS Thakur ◽  
Hamid ◽  
Sunakshi Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Chelating Activity ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Metal Chelating Activity ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit arils with high acid content are processed into dried arils (anardana) which is used as an ingredient in various medicinal formulations and culinary preparations. The various phenols and flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant activity of anardana which signifies its functional benefits. The advanced packaging techniques like vacuum packaging, can retain higher antioxidant activity characteristics during storage. So, the present studies were carried out to compare the effect of packaging on total phenols, flavonoids, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activity, metal chelating activity, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and reducing power of anardana prepared in mechanical cabinet drier. Anardana was packed in different packaging materials and stored under ambient and refrigerated temperature conditions. The overall effect of storage during 12 months revealed that there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in total phenols (180.95 to 161.76 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (40.60 to 32.66 mg QuE/100 g), DPPH antioxidant activity (61.23 to 56.13%), metal chelating activity (22.25 to 19.37%), FRAP (34.60 to 31.73 ?M Fe2+/100 g) and reducing power (0.610 to 0.521) which was observed less in anardana packed in ALPV (aluminium laminated pouches with vacuum) followed by ALP (aluminium laminated pouches) and gunny bags. Due to slower rates of degradation of various antioxidant compounds, the changes after 12 months of storage were lower under refrigerated conditions. The total phenols, flavonoids and DPPH antioxidant activity were reduced  from 180.95 to 167.24 and 156.28 mg GAE/100 g, 40.60 to 34.95 and 30.37 mg QuE/100 g and 61.23 to 57.99 and 54.27 % in refrigerated and ambient temperature conditions, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of two cell-wall polysaccharides from Fusicoccum amygdali

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Obaidah ◽  
K. W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

1. The nature of two polysaccharides (s020 values 6S and 2S respectively in 1m-sodium hydroxide), comprising a fragment (fraction BB, [α]D +236° in 1m-sodium hydroxide), previously isolated from cell walls of Fusicoccum amygdali, has been investigated. 2. Both the major (2S) and minor (6S) components were affected by incubation with α-amylase. The 6S polysaccharide was also attacked by exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, which is evidence that it contained both α-(1→4)- and β-(1→3)-glucopyranose linkages. By fractionation of the products of α-amylase-treated fraction BB it was possible to obtain a water-insoluble polysaccharide, fraction P ([α]D +290° in 1m-sodium hydroxide, 67% of fraction BB) and a water-soluble polysaccharide, fraction Q ([α]D +16° in 1m-sodium hydroxide, 11% of fraction BB), both of which sedimented as single boundaries with s020 values (in 1m-sodium hydroxide) of 1.7S and 4.6S respectively. 3. Evidence from periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, i.r. spectroscopy and partial acid hydrolysis showed that fraction P consisted of linear chains of α-(1→3)-glucopyranose units with blocks of one or two α-(1→4)-glucopyranose units interspersed at intervals along the main chain. The 2S polysaccharide, from which fraction P is derived, evidently also contains longer blocks of α-(1→4)-glucopyranose units, that are susceptible to α-amylase action. 4. Fraction Q consisted of glucose (88%) with small amounts of galactose, mannose and rhamnose. Evidence from digestion with exo- and endo-β-(1→3)-glucanases, periodate oxidation and methylation analysis suggests that fraction Q consists of a branched galactomannorhamnan core, to which is attached a β-(1→3)-, β-(1→6)-glucan. In the cell wall, chains of α-(1→4)-linked glucopyranose units are linked to fraction Q to form the 6S component of fraction BB.

scholarly journals Formulation of Ethyl Cellulose Microparticles Incorporated Pheophytin A Isolated from Suaeda vermiculata for Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi ◽  
Ahmad H. Alhowail ◽  
Maha A. Aldubayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: This study is designed to discover a method for delivering an efficient potent pheophytin a (pheo-a) into more absorbed and small polymeric ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticles. Methods: Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns were used to isolate pheo-a from the chloroform extract of the edible plant, Suaeda vermiculata. Pheo-a was incorporated into EC microparticles using emulsion-solvent techniques. The antioxidant activity of pheo-a microparticles was confirmed by the level of superoxide radical (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and reducing power (RP) methods. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic effect of the product was investigated on MCF-7 cells using MTT assay. Results: Pheo-a was isolated from S. vermiculata in a 12% concentration of the total chloroform extract. The structures were confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis. The formulated microparticles were uniform, completely dispersed in the aqueous media, compatible as ingredients, and had a mean diameter of 139 ± 1.56 µm as measured by a particle size analyzer. Pheo-a demonstrated a valuable antioxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The IC50 values of pheo-a microparticles were 200.5 and 137.7 µg/mL for SOD, and NO respectively. The reducing power of pheo-a microparticles was more potent than ascorbic acid and had a 4.2 µg/mL for IC50 value. Pheo-a microparticles did not show notable cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 35.9 µg/mL) compared with doxorubicin (IC50 = 3.2 µg/mL). Conclusions: the results showed that water-soluble pheo-a microparticles were prepared with a valuable antioxidant activity in a wide range of concentrations with a noteworthy cytotoxic effect.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of the Polysaccharides Produced in Submerged Culture of Two EdiblePleurotus ostreatusMushrooms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Carbohydrate Analysis ◽  
Chelating Activity ◽  
Batch System

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) and internal (intracellular) polysaccharides (IPS) obtained from thePleurotus ostreatusM2191 and PBS281009 cultivated using the batch system revealed an average of between 0.1–2 (EPS) and 0.07–1.5 g/L/day (IPS). The carbohydrate analysis revealed that the polysaccharides comprised 87–89% EPS and 68–74% IPS. The investigation of antioxidant activityin vitrorevealed a good antioxidant potential, particularly for the IPS and EPS isolated from PBS281009, as proved by the EC50value for DPPH, ABTS scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity.

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