Comparison of different hadron production models for the study of π±, K±, protons and antiprotons production in proton–carbon interactions at 90 GeV/c

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 1850079 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ajaz ◽  
Y. Ali ◽  
S. Ullah ◽  
Q. Ali ◽  
U. Tabassam
Keyword(s):  
Polar Angle ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Hadron Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Laboratory Momentum ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Angle Interval ◽  
Good Agreement

In this research paper, comprehensive results on the double differential yield of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons as a function of laboratory momentum in several polar angle ranges from 0–420 mrad for pions, 0–360 mrad for kaons, proton and antiproton are reported. EPOS 1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04 models are used to perform simulations. The predictions of these models at 90 GeV/c are plotted for comparison, which shows that QGSJETII-04 model gives overall higher yield for [Formula: see text] mesons in the polar angle interval of 0–40 mrad but for the [Formula: see text] the yield is higher only up to 20 mrad. For [Formula: see text] mesons after 40 mrad, EPOS-LHC predicts higher yield as compared to EPOS 1.99 and QGSJETII-04 while EPOS-LHC and EPOS 1.99 give similar behavior in these two intervals. However, for [Formula: see text] mesons EPOS-LHC and EPOS 1.99 give similar behavior in these two intervals. For of [Formula: see text] mesons, QGSJETII-04 model gives higher predictions in all cases from 0–300 mrad, while EPOS 1.99 and EPOS-LHC show similar distributions. In case of protons, all models give similar distribution but this is not true for antiproton. All models are in good agreement for p [Formula: see text] 20 GeV/c. EPOS 1.99 produce lower yield compared to the other two models from 60–360 mrad polar angle interval.

Study of pion kaon and proton in proton–carbon interactions at 158 GeV/c using hadron production models

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ali ◽  
S. Ullah ◽  
S. A. Khattak ◽  
M. Ajaz
Keyword(s):  
Polar Angle ◽  
Hadron Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Momentum ◽  
Laboratory Momentum ◽  
Production Models ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Good Agreement

In this work, we investigate the production of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons, by exploiting the theoretical hadron production models: EPOS 1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04, using proton–carbon collisions at a potential laboratory momentum of 158 GeV/c. Laboratory momentum-dependent double differential yields of these particles are studied where it is produced at a polar angle ranging from 0 mrad to 420 mrad for [Formula: see text] mesons while for [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons, the angle ranges from 0 mrad to 360 mrad. The QGSJET predicts high yields of the [Formula: see text] mesons for a polar angle ranging from 0 mrad to 20 mrad at the peak of the distribution while beyond 20 mrad, the high yield is demonstrated by EPOS-LHC. In the case of [Formula: see text] mesons and antiprotons, the QGSJETII-04 gives higher yield at the peak of the distribution in all the cases, whereas the EPOS-1.99 and EPOS-LHC produce similar results. In most of the cases at high momentum of the hadrons, the trios are in very good agreement with each other.

Comparison of hadron production models for π±, k±, protons and antiprotons production in proton–carbon interactions at 60 GeV/c

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850038 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ajaz ◽  
S. Ullah ◽  
Y. Ali ◽  
H. Younis
Keyword(s):  
Beam Energy ◽  
Polar Angle ◽  
Hadron Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Momentum ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Lower Beam ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Peak Value

In this research paper, the comprehensive results on the double differential yield of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons as a function of laboratory momentum are reported. These hadrons are produced in proton–carbon interaction at 60 GeV/c. EPOS 1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04 models are used to perform simulations. Comparing the predictions of these models show that QGSJETII-04 model predicts higher yields of all the hadrons in most of the cases at the peak of the distribution. In this interval, the EPOS 1.99 and EPOS-LHC produce similar results. In most of the cases at higher momentum of the hadrons, all the three models are in good agreement. For protons, all models are in good agreement. EPOS-LHC gives high yield of antiprotons at high momentum values as compared to the other two models. EPOS-LHC gives higher prediction at the peak value for [Formula: see text] mesons and protons at higher polar angle intervals of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, and EPOS 1.99 gives higher prediction at the peak value for [Formula: see text] mesons for [Formula: see text]. The model predictions, except for antiprotons, are compared with the data obtained by the NA61/SHINE experiment at 31 GeV/c proton–carbon collision, which clearly shows that the behavior of the distributions in models are similar to the ones from the data but the yield in data is low because of lower beam energy.

π±, K±, protons and antiprotons production in proton–carbon interactions at 31 GeV/c using hadron production models

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 1850108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ullah ◽  
Y. Ali ◽  
M. Ajaz ◽  
U. Tabassam ◽  
Q. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Polar Angle ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Hadron Production ◽  
Neutrino Beam ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Production Models

Projects proposed for the long baseline neutrino and cosmic rays’ experiments require high precision hadron production measurements, using proton beam on different targets, to achieve their physics goals. The predictions of neutrino beam depend on the modeling of protons interacting within the targets. Thus, different hadronic models are being used for this purpose with different precisions, which depend on the projectile protons energy and material of the target used. The comparison of different hadron production models predictions, in proton–carbon interactions at 31 GeV/c, is reported in this paper. Double differential yield of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons in several polar angle ranges is presented as a function of laboratory momentum. EPOS1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04 models are used to perform simulations. The results of the simulated data are compared with hadron production measurements in proton–carbon interactions at 31 GeV/c performed by the NA61/SHINE experiment at the SPS CERN [Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 84 (2016)]. None of the models completely describes all the distributions. In most of the cases, EPOS1.99 describes the experimental data very well. EPOS-LHC results are also similar in some cases, but QGSJETII-04 predictions failed to reproduce the experimental data.

scholarly journals Responses of the Pheromone-Binding Protein of the Silk Moth Bombyx mori on a Graphene Biosensor Match Binding Constants in Solution

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Caroline Bonazza ◽  
Jiao Zhu ◽  
Roger Hasler ◽  
Rosa Mastrogiacomo ◽  
Paolo Pelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Pheromone Binding Protein ◽  
Silk Moth ◽  
Good Agreement

An electronic biosensor for odors was assembled by immobilizing the silk moth Bombyx mori pheromone binding protein (BmorPBP1) on a reduced graphene oxide surface of a field-effect transistor. At physiological pH, the sensor detects the B. mori pheromones, bombykol and bombykal, with good affinity and specificity. Among the other odorants tested, only eugenol elicited a strong signal, while terpenoids and other odorants (linalool, geraniol, isoamyl acetate, and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine) produced only very weak responses. Parallel binding assays were performed with the same protein and the same ligands, using the common fluorescence approach adopted for similar proteins. The results are in good agreement with the sensor’s responses: bombykol and bombykal, together with eugenol, proved to be strong ligands, while the other compounds showed only poor affinity. When tested at pH 4, the protein failed to bind bombykol both in solution and when immobilized on the sensor. This result further indicates that the BmorPBP1 retains its full activity when immobilized on a surface, including the conformational change observed in acidic conditions. The good agreement between fluorescence assays and sensor responses suggests that ligand-binding assays in solution can be used to screen mutants of a binding protein when selecting the best form to be immobilized on a biosensor.

APPLICATION OF A NEW HAMILTONIAN OF INTERACTION TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 1351-1368
Author(s):  
ANDREI DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU OCTAVIAN DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU DOLOCAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

Using a new Hamiltonian of interaction we have calculated the cohesive energy in three-dimensional structures. We have found the news dependences of this energy on the distance between the atoms. The obtained results are in a good agreement with experimental data in ionic, covalent and noble gases crystals. The coupling constant γ between the interacting field and the atoms is somewhat smaller than unity in ionic crystals and is some larger than unity in covalent and noble gases crystals. The formulae found by us are general and may be applied, also, to the other types of interactions, for example, gravitational interactions.

The Structural Framework of Pictorial Balance

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1419-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Locher ◽  
Sharon Gray ◽  
Calvin Nodine
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Original Compositions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
Balance Structure ◽  
Good Agreement

Two experiments were performed to examine how the subjective balance of a painting is created by its structural features and to determine if balance influences the way people look at paintings. Stimuli consisted of sixteen reproductions of twentieth-century paintings varying in artistic style and a reconstructed less-balanced version of each. Participants in experiment 1 determined the location of the balance center of each composition, assigned ‘weights’ to the pictorial features which contributed to the location of the balance center, and rated the picture for balance. It was found that design and museum professionals and individuals untrained in the visual arts were in good agreement as to the structural framework underlying the balance organization of a painting. For all participants, disruption of the balanced organizations of the original compositions led to reliable shifts in the location of the perceived balance centers of the originals compared with their less-balanced perturbations. Additionally, it was observed that particular features as such were not the origin of the balance phenomenon; rather, judgments concerning the balance structure and its center were dependent on the global integration of information across a wide area of the display field, but especially from its central region. Last, the subtle changes in balance structure between versions resulted in lower ratings of balance being assigned to the less-balanced perturbations by the design professionals only; the other two participant groups evaluated overall balance of the versions as comparable. In experiment 2, eye movements of a different group of untrained individuals were recorded as they performed similar tasks on the art stimuli. It was found that disruption of the balance structure of the original representational but not abstract compositions resulted in different regions of the original and perturbed versions being visually explored. Findings of both experiments are related to theoretical notions of balance.

scholarly journals Constraining planetesimal stirring: how sharp are debris disc edges?

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (4) ◽  
pp. 5100-5114
Author(s):  
Sebastian Marino
Keyword(s):  
Surface Density ◽  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dust Production ◽  
Array Data ◽  
Disc Surface ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT The dust production in debris discs by grinding collisions of planetesimals requires their orbits to be stirred. However, stirring levels remain largely unconstrained, and consequently the stirring mechanisms as well. This work shows how the sharpness of the outer edge of discs can be used to constrain the stirring levels. Namely, the sharper the edge the lower the eccentricity dispersion must be. For a Rayleigh distribution of eccentricities (e), I find that the disc surface density near the outer edge can be parametrized as tanh [(rmax  − r)/lout], where rmax  approximates the maximum semimajor axis and lout defines the edge smoothness. If the semimajor axis distribution has sharp edges erms is roughly 1.2lout/rmax  or erms = 0.77lout/rmax  if semimajor axes have diffused due to self-stirring. This model is fitted to Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of five wide discs: HD 107146, HD 92945, HD 206893, AU Mic, and HR 8799. The results show that HD 107146, HD 92945, and AU Mic have the sharpest outer edges, corresponding to erms values of 0.121 ± 0.05, $0.15^{+0.07}_{-0.05}$, and 0.10 ± 0.02 if their discs are self-stirred, suggesting the presence of Pluto-sized objects embedded in the disc. Although these stirring values are larger than typically assumed, the radial stirring of HD 92945 is in good agreement with its vertical stirring constrained by the disc height. HD 206893 and HR 8799, on the other hand, have smooth outer edges that are indicative of scattered discs since both systems have massive inner companions.

scholarly journals A Historical Perspective of Mangalavattiyam

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Suganya Aravinthon
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Solo Music ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
Over Time

From the earliest days of the Tamil music tradition, music was considered to be a combination of vocal music, instrumental music and dance. Each of these musical genres is closely intertwined. Knowledge of one helps to know about the other. Instrumental music has been interpreted as accompaniment to solo music and dance and as a solo specialty. In Bharata's book 'Natyashasthram', musical instruments are generally divided into four categories as nerve (tata) hole (kasira) ¸ skin (avanatta) ¸ kana (kanja). In this context, it is a research paper on the history and use of the Nagaswaram and thavil instruments, which are referred to today as the Mangala Vaathyam, which the Tamils ​​have merged with their culture.  This article also examines in detail the ideological changes that have taken place over time in the use of these two musical instruments. At the same time, the use of these instruments in the sociological context is taken into account. Finally, this article is a historical study of the lineage of musicians who have mastered these instruments.

scholarly journals Applicability of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making for Land Forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 039-054
Author(s):  
Paul Tudorache
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Military

Similar to other fields, also in the military one, the Artificial Intelligence has become recently an evident solution for optimizing specific processes and activities. Therefore, this research paper aims to highlight the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence in the military operations carried out by the Land Forces. In this regard, analysing the framework of the operations process and applying suitable research methodology, the main findings are related to AI’s contributions in optimizing commander’s decisions during the progress of planning and execution. On the other hand, picturing the AI upgrated combat power of the Land Forces is another significant result of this study.

Optical band-gap of TiO2 nanopowders doped with Al2O3

2013 ◽  
Vol 1493 ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Keisuke Yoshimura ◽  
Tetsuya Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Katsumata
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Powder Mass ◽  
Tio2 Nanopowders ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTOptical band-gap and cathode luminescence (CL) properties of anatase TiO2 nanopowders mixed with γ- Al2O3 powders by planetary ball mill were evaluated as a function of a powder mass ratio (x=Al2O3/TiO2) of 0 to 0.5 and their correlation with XRD spectra was also investigated. The optical band-gap of TiO2 increased from 3.36 eV to 3.41eV with increasing milling time (tm) up to 600 min, which was in good agreement with the blue shifts observed in the CL spectra with increasing tm and it was interpreted as a quantum size effect. In addition, the optical band-gap of TiO2 powders mixed with Al2O3 with tm=60min greatly increased from 3.36 eV to 3.48 eV with increasing x up to x=0.5. On the other hand, the optical band-gap of all the powders was decreased by annealing at temperatures above 600°C, which was evidenced by the XRD spectra to be due to the growth of grain size.

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