IMPACT OF TOPOLOGY ON THE MAXIMUM MULTICAST THROUGHPUT IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS WITH NETWORK CODING

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (09) ◽  
pp. 2741-2748
Author(s):  
YAOZHONG REN ◽  
FRANCIS C. M. LAU ◽  
CHI K. TSE ◽  
HAIRONG DONG
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Undirected Network ◽  
Multicast Session ◽  
Multicast Sessions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Network coding has been shown to be an effective coding technique to improve the throughput of a multicast session in a communication network. In general, an undirected network can be used to model a communication network in which nodes at both ends of a link can exchange messages. For a single multicast session in an undirected network with network coding, the maximum throughput can be estimated based on the minimum maxflow between the source node and the destination nodes. In this letter, we evaluate the impact of the network topology on the maximum multicast throughput of a network-coded communication network. In particular, the scalefree network, which represents the topology of most man-made networks including the Internet, will be compared with the random network. The maximum throughputs of the multicast sessions are evaluated for different choices of source and destination nodes. It is found that network coding can achieve better throughput of a scalefree network only if the source and destination nodes are chosen from high-degree nodes.

scholarly journals Joint Redundant and Random Network Coding for Robust Video Transmission over Lossy Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjun Zhang ◽  
Cuiping Jing ◽  
Feilong Tang ◽  
Scott Fowler ◽  
Huali Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Scalable Video Coding ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Random Network Coding ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Coding

In this paper a novel unequal packet loss protection scheme R2NC based on low-triangular global coding matrix with ladder-shaped partition is presented, which combines redundant and random network coding for robust H.264/SVC video transmission. Firstly, the error-correcting capabilities of redundant network coding make our scheme resilient to loss. Secondly, the implementation of random network coding at the intermediate nodes with multiple input links can reduce the cost of network bandwidth, thus reducing the end-to-end delay for video transmission. Thirdly, the low-triangular global coding matrix with ladder-shaped partition is maintained throughout the R2NC processes to reduce the impact of global coding matrix's rank deficiency on video transmission and provide unequal erasure protection for H.264/SVC priority layers. The redundant network coding avoids the retransmission of lost packets and improves error-correcting capabilities of lost packets. Based only on the knowledge of the packet loss rates on the output links, the source node and intermediate nodes can make decisions for redundant network coding and random network coding (i.e., how much redundancy to add at this node). However, the redundancy caused by redundant network coding makes the network load increases. In order to improve network throughput, we performed random network coding at the intermediate nodes. Our approach is grounded on the overall distortion of reconstructed video minimization by optimizing the amount of redundancy assigned to each layer. The convex optimization model is constructed under the constraint of network coding and scalable video coding. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the significant improvement of H.264/SVC video reconstruction quality with R2NC over packet lossy networks.

MAC and PHY-Layer Network Coding for Applications in Wireless Communications Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 86-108
Author(s):  
Giulio Bartoli ◽  
Francesco Chiti ◽  
Romano Fantacci ◽  
Dania Marabissi ◽  
Andrea Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Multicast Communications

Network coding (NC) is a promising technique recently proposed to improve network performance in terms of maximum throughput, minimum delivery delay, and energy consumption. The original proposal highlighted the advantages of NC for multicast communications in wire-line networks. Recently, network coding has been considered as an efficient approach to improve performance in wireless networks, mainly in terms of data reliability and lower energy consumption, especially for broadcast communications. The basic idea of NC is to remove the typical requirement that different information flows have to be processed and transmitted independently through the network. When NC is applied, intermediate nodes in the network do not simply relay the received packets, but they combine several received packets before transmission. As a consequence, the output flow at a given node is obtained as a linear combination of its input flows. This chapter deals with the application of network coding principle at different communications layers of the protocol stack, specifically, the Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical (PHY) Layers for wireless communication networks.

Optimizations Problems of Communication Processes in the Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Каргин ◽  
N. Kargin ◽  
А. Письменная ◽  
A. Pis'mennaya ◽  
Е. Дергунов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Formal Communication ◽  
The Impact

The problems of information interaction of the company’s employees in the system of professional activity by means of communication are discussed in the article. Empirically established networks of communicative interaction and their differences from formal communication channels are mentioned in the article. The processes of dissemination of information for various types of communication networks are discussed in the article, the influence of strength and proximity of connections on the process of dissemination of information is analyzed. The impact of internal organizational interactions on the dissemination of information in closed and open communication networks are shown. An analysis of the communication network of a real organization are presented.

scholarly journals Framework for Assessing Resilience in the Communication Networks of AEC Teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Franz ◽  
Robert Leicht ◽  
Katherine Maslak
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Team Members ◽  
High Betweenness ◽  
Integrated Delivery ◽  
Project Engineer ◽  
The Impact

Architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) teams experience frequent changes in membership when delivering a project. While some of these changes are planned (e.g. phased involvement, role reassignment), others are unexpected (e.g. career change, sudden downsizing). Poorly planned or unexpected changes in membership can bring communication to a standstill and impair a team’s ability to deliver a successful project. By examining literature from civil engineering, as well as recent studies on network and team science, we propose a conceptual framework that places the formation, disruption and recovery cycle of communication networks in the context of a construction project. The purpose of this framework is to gain a better understanding of resilient communication networks at the project-level. To demonstrate the potential of this framework, email data was collected from the construction manager on an in-progress project that experienced an unexpected departure of their onsite project engineer. A week-byweek content and network analysis was performed for a period of one month to examine the impact of this change in team membership. The results suggest that the disruption in their communication network, measured as between a 40 to 50% loss in density, average degree and centralization following the departure of the Project Engineer, closely resembled the pattern of loss and recovery illustrated by the resilience triangle. Through discussion, the implications of these results at the project- and firm-level impacts are explored. Specifically, the framework demonstrated potential in forecasting vulnerability in a communication network by examining structural properties, such as high betweenness centrality relative to other members. However, we further that additional studies are needed to fully understand the dynamics and long-term benefits of more resilient communication networks, particularly as they relate to demographics and skillset of team members and the role of integrated delivery methods in promoting more robust networks.

MAC and PHY-Layer Network Coding for Applications in Wireless Communications Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 706-727
Author(s):  
Giulio Bartoli ◽  
Francesco Chiti ◽  
Romano Fantacci ◽  
Dania Marabissi ◽  
Andrea Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Multicast Communications

Network coding (NC) is a promising technique recently proposed to improve network performance in terms of maximum throughput, minimum delivery delay, and energy consumption. The original proposal highlighted the advantages of NC for multicast communications in wire-line networks. Recently, network coding has been considered as an efficient approach to improve performance in wireless networks, mainly in terms of data reliability and lower energy consumption, especially for broadcast communications. The basic idea of NC is to remove the typical requirement that different information flows have to be processed and transmitted independently through the network. When NC is applied, intermediate nodes in the network do not simply relay the received packets, but they combine several received packets before transmission. As a consequence, the output flow at a given node is obtained as a linear combination of its input flows. This chapter deals with the application of network coding principle at different communications layers of the protocol stack, specifically, the Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical (PHY) Layers for wireless communication networks.

Prospects for the use of the “model budget” in the distribution of equalization grants in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Deryugin ◽  
Ilya A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Unfunded Mandates ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Equalization Grants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Expenditure

The paper analyzes the impact of the “model budget” on the problems of intergovernmental relations in the Russian Federation: a high proportion of expenditure obligations of regional and local budgets and a high degree of interregional inequality in fiscal capacity and socio-economic development. It was concluded that the planned broader use of the “model budget” will not solve the problem of unfunded mandates and will lead first to a significant reduction in incentives for regional authorities to develop the territorial revenue base, and then to economic slowdown in the country. As an alternative approach to improving intergovernmental relations, options are being considered for adjusting the parameters of the equalization transfers distribution formula, the procedure for determining their total volume and calculating the budget expenditure index. In solving the problem of unfunded mandates, an equally important role is given to the procedure for preparing a financial and economic rationale for draft laws.

Агрономическая эффективность промышленной (голландской) технологии возделывания картофеля

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coy ◽  
A.V. Shuravilin ◽  
O.A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния промышленной технологии возделывания картофеля на развитие, урожайность и качество продукции. Выявлена положительная реакция растений на подкормку K2SO4 в период посадки. Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ урожайности и качества клубней выявил высокую степень достоверности результатов опыта. Содержание нитратов и тяжелых металлов в клубнях было ниже допустимых величин.The results of studies on the impact of industrial technology of potato cultivation on growth, yield and quality of products. There was a positive response of plants to fertilizer K2SO4 in the period of planting. Correlation and regression analysis of yield and quality of tubers revealed a high degree of reliability of the results of experience. The contents of nitrates and heavy metals in tubers was below the permissible values.

Te inf uence of ergonomic factors on the formation of occupational risk of health disorders of agricultural machine operators

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Tamara A. Novikova ◽  
Aleksey N. Danilov ◽  
Vladimir F. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. T e leading place in the structure of occupational morbidity of agricultural machine operators is occupied by vertebroneurological diseases, the development of which can be associated with the impact of ergonomic factors of labor activity. T e aim of the study is to assess the ergonomic factors of working conditions on mobile agricultural machinery and to identify their impact on the formation of health disorders of agricultural machine operators. Materials and methods. Complex physiological and ergonomic researches at operation of tractors and combine harvesters of old samples of domestic production including an assessment of the organization of workplaces on compliance to requirements of ergonomics and anthropometric data of workers, temporary, statodynamic, biomechanical characteristics of working poses and movements, a functional condition of machine operators (130 people aged 20–45 years with professional experience of work not less than three years) in dynamics of a work shift are carried out. Anthropometric studies were conducted among male machine operators (663 people) aged 18–59 years and with experience in the profession for more than three years. Results. The discrepancy between the size and space-layout parameters of workplaces ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, causing the formation of uncomfortable working positions, increasing physical activity and the severity of the labor process. A high degree of correlation between changes in the parameters of the neuromuscular system and the severity of the discrepancy between the ergonomic parameters of anthropometric characteristics of machine operators (r=0,7). T e results of the research allowed to determine the priority measures for the prevention of vertebroneurological diseases in agricultural machine operators. Conclusions. T e organization of workplaces on domestic tractors and combine harvesters of old samples does not meet the ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, which is the reason for the formation of an uncomfortable working posture, increased statodynamic physical activity, early development of fatigue and fatigue in the process, which can cause the development of pathological conditions of the spine and ligamentous apparatus. Ergonomic improvement of workplaces is one of the priority measures to preserve the health of agricultural machine operators.

scholarly journals Advertising Media Impact in Consumer Buying Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Ashmita Dahal Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Buying Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Advertisements have been used for many years to influence the buying behaviors of the consumers. Advertisements are helpful in creating the awareness and perception among the customers of a product. This particular research was conducted on the 100 young male and female who use different brands of product to check the influence of advertisement on their buying behavior while creating the awareness and building the perceptions. Correlation, regression and other statistical tools were used to identify the relationship between these variables. The results revealed that the relationship between media and consumer behavior is positive. The adve1tising impact on sales and there is positive and high degree relationship between advertising and consumer behavior. The impact on advertising of a product of electronic media is better than non-electronic media.

scholarly journals Measuring spatial price differentials at the basic heading level: a comparison of stochastic index number methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Weinand
Keyword(s):  
Price Level ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Price Data ◽  
Estimation Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Price ◽  
Price Comparisons ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSpatial price comparisons rely to a high degree on the quality of the underlying price data that are collected within or across countries. Below the basic heading level, these price data often exhibit large gaps. Therefore, stochastic index number methods like the Country–Product–Dummy (CPD) method and the Gini–Eltetö–Köves–Szulc (GEKS) method are utilised for the aggregation of the price data into higher-level indices. Although the two index number methods produce differing price level estimates when prices are missing, the present paper demonstrates that both can be derived from exactly the same stochastic model. For a specific case of missing prices, it is shown that the formula underlying these price level estimates differs between the two methods only in weighting. The impact of missing prices on the efficiency of the price level estimates is analysed in two simulation studies. It can be shown that the CPD method slightly outperforms the GEKS method. Using micro data of Germany’s Consumer Price Index, it can be observed that more narrowly defined products improve estimation efficiency.

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