SURFACE ROUGHNESS ANALYSIS OF CRYO-TREATED AND TEMPERED STEELS IN CYLINDRICAL GRINDING OPERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150107
Author(s):  
MENDERES KAM ◽  
UFUK KABASAKALOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Applications

Cylindrical grinding operation is an important metal cutting process used as a finish process to achieve the surface quality and dimensional stability of the products. In this context, experimental work and statistical analysis in researches contribute to improve product quality of manufactured parts. Tempered steels are widely used for automotive components and manufacturing applications. The objective of this study is to analyze the surface roughness (Ra) values of cryogenically (cryo) treated and tempered steels in cylindrical grinding operation. According to the grinding experiments created by the Taguchi method, grinding wheels (Al2O3 and SiC), heat treated steel samples (HT, CT24, and CT36) and depth of cut (50, 100, and 150[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) were selected to determine the optimum surface roughness values of these steels. The results showed that significant improvements in Ra values of cryo-treated and tempered steels were observed. The lowest Ra values were obtained in cryo-treated sample (CT36) with SiC grinding wheel and depth of cut (50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m).

scholarly journals Optimization of Grinding Parameters for Minimum Surface Roughness by Taguchi Parametric Optimization Technique

2012 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Deepak Pal ◽  
Ajay Bangar ◽  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
Ashish Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Optimal Surface ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Cutting Processes

Cylindrical grinding is one of the important metal cutting processes used extensively in the finishing operations. Surface finish is the important output responses in the production with respect to quantity and quality respectively. The Experiments are conducted on universal tool and cutter grinding machine with L9 Orthogonal array with input machining variables as work speed, grinding wheel grades and hardness of material. The developed model can be used by the different manufacturing firms to select right combination of machining parameters to achieve an optimal surface roughness (Ra).The results reveals surface roughness (Ra).The predicted optimal values for Ra for Cylindrical grinding process is 1.07 Ra respectively. The results are further confirmed by conducting confirmation experiments.

scholarly journals Optimization of parameters in cylindrical and surface grinding for improved surface finish

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 171906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Patel ◽  
Deepam Goyal ◽  
B. S. Pabla
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Grinding Parameters ◽  
Wheel Material

Surface integrity has attracted the attention of researchers for improving the functional performance of engineering products. Improvement in surface finish, one of the important parameters in surface integrity, has been attempted by researchers through different processes. Grinding has been widely used for final machining of components requiring smooth surfaces coupled with precise tolerances. Proper selection of grinding wheel material and grade with grinding parameters can result in an improved surface finish and improved surface characteristics. The present work reports the study of the effect of grinding parameters on surface finish of EN8 steel. Experiments were performed on surface grinding and cylindrical grinding for optimization of grinding process parameters for improved surface finish. Grinding wheel speed, depth of cut, table feed, grinding wheel material and table travel speed for surface grinding operation, and work speed for cylindrical grinding operation were taken as the input parameters with four types of grinding wheels (Al 2 O 3 of grades K and L, and white alumina of grades J and K). The surface roughness was taken as an output parameter for experimentation. The grinding wheel material and grade have been observed to be the most significant variables for both cylindrical grinding and surface grinding. Surface roughness in the case of surface grinding is better compared to that of cylindrical grinding, which can be attributed to vibrations produced in the cylindrical grinding attachment. Surface roughness ( R a ) values of 0.757 µm in cylindrical grinding and 0.66 µm in surface grinding have been achieved.

Experimental Study on Surface Finishing Performances in Quick-Point Grinding

2007 ◽  
Vol 24-25 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Chao Xiu ◽  
Chang He Li ◽  
Guang Qi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Axial Feeding ◽  
Grinding Speed

There are lower grinding force and temperature in quick-point grinding process because of the higher grinding speed and the less depth of cut, especially the point contact between the grinding wheel and the workpiece due to the point grinding angles. Thus it can achieve better surface finishing process in grinding cylindrical surface. Since the point grinding model is different from the conventional cylindrical grinding in theory, the surface roughness is in relation to the point-grinding angles greatly besides the grain granularity, depth of cut, grinding speed and axial feeding rate like the conventional cylindrical grinding process. Based on the theoretical studies on the surface roughness in the process, the surface finishing experiments and measures at the various grinding parameters were performed. The experimental results show that the process parameters, such as point-grinding angles, depth of cut, grinding speed and axial feeding rate, must be controlled reasonably for the higher surface finishing demand in quick-point grinding process.

Possible examinations of stone machining focused on the relationship between technological parameters and surface quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Kun ◽  
I. G. Gyurika
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Abstract The stone products with different sizes, geometries and materials — like machine tool's bench, measuring machine's board or sculptures, floor tiles — can be produced automatically while the manufacturing engineer uses objective function similar to metal cutting. This function can minimise the manufacturing time or the manufacturing cost, in other cases it can maximise of the tool's life. To use several functions, manufacturing engineers need an overall theoretical background knowledge, which can give useful information about the choosing of technological parameters (e.g. feed rate, depth of cut, or cutting speed), the choosing of applicable tools or especially the choosing of the optimum motion path. A similarly important customer's requirement is the appropriate surface roughness of the machined (cut, sawn or milled) stone product. This paper's first part is about a five-month-long literature review, which summarizes in short the studies (researches and results) considered the most important by the authors. These works are about the investigation of the surface roughness of stone products in stone machining. In the second part of this paper the authors try to determine research possibilities and trends, which can help to specify the relation between the surface roughness and technological parameters. Most of the suggestions of this paper are about stone milling, which is the least investigated machining method in the world.

Study on Edge Contact Area and Surface Integrity of Workpiece in Point Grinding Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 407-408 ◽  
pp. 577-581
Author(s):  
Shi Chao Xiu ◽  
Zhi Jie Geng ◽  
Guang Qi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Edge Contact ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Theoretic Foundations

During cylindrical grinding process, the geometric configuration and size of the edge contact area between the grinding wheel and workpiece have the heavy effects on the workpiece surface integrity. In consideration of the differences between the point grinding and the conventional high speed cylindrical grinding, the geometric and mathematic models of the edge contact area in point grinding were established. Based on the models, the numerical simulation for the edge contact area was performed. By means of the point grinding experiment, the effect mechanism of the edge contact area on the ground surface integrity was investigated. These will offer the applied theoretic foundations for optimizing the point grinding angles, depth of cut, wheel and workpiece speed, geometrical configuration and size of CBN wheel and some other grinding parameters in point grinding process.

scholarly journals Tribological Behavior and Analysis on Surface Roughness of CNC Milled Dual Heat Treated Al6061 Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
A. Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin ◽  
G.M. Balamurugan ◽  
S.M. Sivagami ◽  
K. Ramkumar ◽  
V. Vijayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Good Surface Finish ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Machining Properties

Dual heat treatment (DHT) effect is analyzed using the machining of Al6061-T6 alloy, a readily available material for quickly finding the machining properties. The heat treatments are conducted twice over the specimen by the furnace heating before processing through CNC machining. The HSS and WC milling cutters are preferred for the diameter of 10 mm for the reviewed rotational speeds of 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm, and the constant depth of cut of 0.5 mm is chosen based on various reviews. Worthy roughness could be provided mostly by the influence of feed rates preferred here as 0.05 mm/rev and 0.1 mm/rev. The influencing factors are identified by the Taguchi, genetic algorithm (GA), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques and compared within it. The simulation finding also helps to clarify the relationship between influenced machining constraints and roughness outcomes of this project. The average values of heat treated and nonheat treated Al6061-T6 are compared and it is to be evaluated that 41% improvement is obtained with the lower surface roughness of 1.78975 µm and it shows good surface finish with the help of dual heat treatment process.

The Inner Hole Grinding Surface Roughness Analysis of Zirconia Ceramics Electric Spindle

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Feng Lu ◽  
Shi Chao Chen ◽  
Song Hua Li ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Yu Hou Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Diamond Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Nc Machine ◽  
Processing Accuracy

The high-speed ceramic electric spindle is applied in high-speed NC machine tools. Each surface processing accuracy requirement of high-speed ceramic electric spindle is high. The inner hole surface roughness is the key factor which affects its high-speed stability and moving accuracy. This paper focuses on the research of the relationship between inner hole and grinding wheel granularity and grinding wheel linear velocity and transverse feeding and grinding camber ratio through the experiment of diamond wheel grinding the inner hole of ceramic spindle. The optimal grinding parameter combination of ceramic spindle inner hole grinding is obtained. The surface roughness of ceramic spindle inner hole reaches 0.21μm, through the analysis of orthogonal test. The results can completely satisfy the ceramic spindle high-speed operation requirements and enhance the ability of corrosion resistance and fatigue damage resistance. It then improves the whole work performance, reliability and life of ceramic spindle.

Cylindrical Grinding by Structured Wheels

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Daneshi ◽  
Bahman Azarhoushang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Dry Grinding

Structuring of the grinding wheels is a promising method to reduce the forces involved in grinding, especially during dry grinding. In this paper, one of the methods of grinding wheel structuring is presented. The structuring process was modeled to find the corresponding dressing parameters for the desired structure dimensions. The cylindrical grinding operation with the structured wheels was simulated to produce a spiral free ground surface. Afterwards, the dry grinding experiments with the structured and non-structured wheels were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the structured wheels. The results revealed that the grinding forces can be reduced by more than 50% when the grinding wheels are structured, while the surface roughness values increase by 80%.

scholarly journals Surface Quality Evaluation of Various Metals After Grinding with Aluminum Oxide Grinding Wheel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Rosemar Batista Da Silva ◽  
Giordano Francis Vieira ◽  
Letícia Cristina Silva ◽  
Carlos Alberto Damião ◽  
Rodrigo De Souza Ruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machined Surfaces

Different metals can respond differently when grinding using the same abrasive grinding wheel, especially in terms of surface quality. In this context, this work aims give a contribution to the metalworking industry by presenting the results of surface finishing after grinding the following metals: VP Atlas steel grade, Gray Cast Iron and two superalloys, Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V. Tests were performed with the aluminum oxide grinding wheel and with following parameters: cutting speed of 37.6 m/s and workspeed of 10 m/min. Two values of depth of cut (15 μm and 30 μm) were tested. The surface roughness (Ra and Rz parameters) were analyzed and SEM images of the machined surfaces were taken and analyzed in order to identify the cutting mechanisms and provide better results discussion. The results showed that the surface roughness increased with the depth of cut; Ra values kept below 0.48 μm for all metals tested. Regarding the machined surface quality, some cracks were observed on the gray cast iron and Ti-6Al-4V surfaces, thereby indicating their relative lower grindability compared to VP Atlas steel under the investigated conditions. No visual thermal damage was observed in the machined surfaces of the samples.

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