Nanoporous Copper Fabricated by Dealloying Mn–Cu Precursors with Minor Nickel Element Addition and Heat Treatment Coarsening

NANO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Wang ◽  
Sen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Surface Diffusivity ◽  
Nanoporous Copper ◽  
Element Addition ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Morphology Characterization ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanoporous copper (NPC) and nanoporous copper-nickel (NPC-Ni) can be prepared by free corrosion dealloying Mn[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Nix ([Formula: see text], 1, 3[Formula: see text]at.% Ni) precursor alloys. Microscopic morphology characterization by scanning electron microscopy exhibited a three-dimensional bicontinuous porous structure with nanoscale ligaments and pores. NPC with a pore size of 48.7[Formula: see text]nm was obtained in 0.1[Formula: see text]M hydrochloric acid solution for 3.5[Formula: see text]h dealloyed at 25[Formula: see text]C. Under the same free corrosion dealloying condition, NPC-Ni1 and NPC-Ni3 were obtained with the pore size of 36.6[Formula: see text]nm and 28.1[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. The results indicate that minor Ni atoms addition to the precursor greatly refined the dealloyed nanoporous structure. This effect could be attributed to the lower Ni surface diffusivity than that of Cu and resulted in slow down of the diffusion and rearrangement of Cu atoms during dealloying process. Post-dealloying heat treatment at 300[Formula: see text]C, 450[Formula: see text]C and 600[Formula: see text]C made the ligaments coarsen in NPC and NPC-Ni.

Fabrication of Nanoporous Copper Ribbons with a Broad Range of Pore Size and Its Application in Lithium-ion Batteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwei Zheng ◽  
Shichao Zhang ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
Yalan Xing ◽  
Zhijia Du
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Surface Diffusivity ◽  
Nanoporous Copper ◽  
Electrochemical Dealloying

Nanoporous copper (NPC) ribbons with an average pore size of 5~500nm were fabricated by chemical/electrochemical dealloying of Mn55Cu45 alloy. The influence of different kinds of driving forces on Cu atoms surface diffusivity (Ds), which determines the pore sizes of the resultant NPC, was also systematically investigated. The Ds by chemical dealloying with and without surfactants is about 1.08×10-20 m2 s-1 and 1.79×10-18 m2 s-1, through which NPC with pore size of ~5nm and ~50nm was produced, while, in electrochemical dealloying with 0 V SCE potential, Ds and pore size increase to 1.16×10-15 m2 s-1 and ~500nm respectively. The three dimensional NPC ribbons with the largest pore size (500nm) was chosen as the current collectors to fabricate three dimensional tin thin-film anodes (3D-TTA) with homogeneous tin layers on the ligaments by electroless plating for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The 3D-TTA exhibits first discharge capacity of 790 mAh g-1, 45% capacity retention after 10 cycles, indicating a promising application in LIBs.

Nanoporous Copper Dealloyed from a Nanocrystallized Ticu Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Dan ◽  
Feng Xiang Qin ◽  
Yu Sugawara ◽  
Izumi Muto ◽  
Nobuyoshi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Nanoporous Copper ◽  
Immersion Condition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Nanoporous copper (NPC) was fabricated through dealloying nanocrystallized TiSubscript text50Cu50 ribbon alloy under a free immersion condition in HF solutioSubscript textns at 25 °C. Multimodal nanoporous structure was formed due to the presence of Ti3Cu4 phase, which was co-precipitated with Ti2Cu during the heat treatment at T = 400 °C (Italic textTSubscript textg Italic textT Subscript textx). The presence of multiphases in tItalic texthe starting material caused the different behavior in the evolution of nanoporosity. In 0.03 mol/L HF solution, the bimodal nanoporous copper with a pore size of 54 nm and 184 nm was obtained in different regions where the composition differed. The ligament scale lengths in two regions were confirmed to be 54 nm and 203 nm, respectively. In 0.13 mol/L HF solution, the difference in the pore size and phase separation became weak, accompanying with the evolution of larger pores and smaller ligaments. The residue after dealloying was confirmed to be fcc Cu, indicated by the presence of Cu (111), (200), (220) and (311) in XRD patterns and TEM selective area diffraction pattern. The microstructure of the starting materials for dealloying, such as intermetallic phases, played a key role in the formation of the final multimodal nanoporous structure.

scholarly journals Формирование нанопористых пленок силицидов меди

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Э.Ю. Бучин ◽  
В.В. Наумов ◽  
С.В. Васильев
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Copper Silicide ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Nanoporous Copper ◽  
Kirkendall Voids

AbstractThe possibility of forming nanoporous copper-silicide films with different phase compositions is experimentally demonstrated. For this purpose, the parameters of the initial a -Si/Cu structure and the conditions of its annealing are chosen so that the process of solid-phase synthesis comes to a halt at the stage of formation of a branched silicide cluster. Then the films are subjected to liquid etching in a mixture of diluted inorganic acids. In this case, the metastable Cu_ x Si phase with a low Cu content is selectively removed, and a three-dimensional silicide cluster is released. At the same time, surface Kirkendall voids present in the films open. As a result of these two processes in combination, a nanoporous structure is formed.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dayanandan ◽  
P. B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Malignant Cell Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. I. Johnsson-Hegyeli ◽  
A. F. Hegyeli ◽  
D. K. Landstrom ◽  
W. C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Interference Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Last year we reported on the use of reflected light interference microscopy (RLIM) for the direct color photography of the surfaces of living normal and malignant cell cultures without the use of replicas, fixatives, or stains. The surface topography of living cells was found to follow underlying cellular structures such as nuceloli, nuclear membranes, and cytoplasmic organelles, making possible the study of their three-dimensional relationships in time. The technique makes possible the direct examination of cells grown on opaque as well as transparent surfaces. The successful in situ electron microprobe analysis of the elemental composition and distribution within single tissue culture cells was also reported.This paper deals with the parallel and combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the two previous techniques in a study of living and fixed cancer cells. All three studies can be carried out consecutively on the same experimental specimens without disturbing the cells or their structural relationships to each other and the surface on which they are grown. KB carcinoma cells were grown on glass coverslips in closed Leighto tubes as previously described. The cultures were photographed alive by means of RLIM, then fixed with a fixative modified from Sabatini, et al (1963).

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Hybrid Microelectronics

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
S. Khadpe ◽  
R. Faryniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is an important tool in Thick Film Hybrid Microcircuits Manufacturing because of its large depth of focus and three dimensional capability. This paper discusses some of the important areas in which the SEM is used to monitor process control and component failure modes during the various stages of manufacture of a typical hybrid microcircuit.Figure 1 shows a thick film hybrid microcircuit used in a Motorola Paging Receiver. The circuit consists of thick film resistors and conductors screened and fired on a ceramic (aluminum oxide) substrate. Two integrated circuit dice are bonded to the conductors by means of conductive epoxy and electrical connections from each integrated circuit to the substrate are made by ultrasonically bonding 1 mil aluminum wires from the die pads to appropriate conductor pads on the substrate. In addition to the integrated circuits and the resistors, the circuit includes seven chip capacitors soldered onto the substrate. Some of the important considerations involved in the selection and reliability aspects of the hybrid circuit components are: (a) the quality of the substrate; (b) the surface structure of the thick film conductors; (c) the metallization characteristics of the integrated circuit; and (d) the quality of the wire bond interconnections.

scholarly journals Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Fossil Diatom Frustules from Genera of Ellerbeckia and Melosira

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Qiong Li ◽  
Jürgen Gluch ◽  
Zhongquan Liao ◽  
Juliane Posseckardt ◽  
André Clausner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Percentage Concentration ◽  
Morphology Characterization

Fossil frustules of Ellerbeckia and Melosira were studied using laboratory-based nano X-ray tomography (nano-XCT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Three-dimensional (3D) morphology characterization using nondestructive nano-XCT reveals the continuous connection of fultoportulae, tube processes and protrusions. The study confirms that Ellerbeckia is different from Melosira. Both genera reveal heavily silicified frustules with valve faces linking together and forming cylindrical chains. For this cylindrical architecture of both genera, valve face thickness, mantle wall thickness and copulae thickness change with the cylindrical diameter. Furthermore, EDS reveals that these fossil frustules contain Si and O only, with no other elements in the percentage concentration range. Nanopores with a diameter of approximately 15 nm were detected inside the biosilica of both genera using TEM. In situ micromechanical experiments with uniaxial loading were carried out within the nano-XCT on these fossil frustules to determine the maximal loading force under compression and to describe the fracture behavior. The fracture force of both genera is correlated to the dimension of the fossil frustules. The results from in situ mechanical tests show that the crack initiation starts either at very thin features or at linking structures of the frustules.

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