IMPACT AND ADAPTATION OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN FARMERS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: INTRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 1703001 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADEEP KURUKULASURIYA ◽  
ROBERT MENDELSOHN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Behavior Choices ◽  
The Impact

This special issue examines the impact of climate on agriculture as well as the economics of farmer adaptation in South-East Asia. An extensive survey was undertaken of small farmers in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Ricardian studies were undertaken to measure the likely impact of climate change on these farmers. Adaptation studies were undertaken to measure how farmers would likely change their behavior (choices) as climate changed. Perceptions were asked to gauge farmer awareness of climate change and their plans to adapt. The overall study provides many useful analyses into the climate sensitivity of agriculture in the region as well as how farmers might adapt to climate changes.

SOUTH-EAST ASIAN FARMER PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 1740006 ◽  
Author(s):  
BABATUNDE O. ABIDOYE ◽  
PRADEEP KURUKULASURIYA ◽  
ROBERT MENDELSOHN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Farmer Perceptions ◽  
Policy Responses

A survey of farmers in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam reveals that farmers are keenly aware of even slight changes in their climate. Over 90% of the farmers interviewed perceived small changes in temperature or precipitation patterns where they lived. Over half claimed to have changed their irrigation, timing, or crop choices because of climate change. Although the link between perceived changes and stated adaptations is weak, farmers are aware of the types of changes they need to make in response to climate change in South-East Asia. Adaptation responses must be firmly grounded in not only local conditions, but also the views of participants at the front lines of climate change impacts. The knowledge base of farmers grappling with the challenges of climate change must be taken into account when policy responses to support adaptation are formulated.

THE ECONOMICS OF CROP ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 1740002 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN REED ◽  
ROBERT MENDELSOHN ◽  
BABATUNDE O. ABIDOYE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Sectional Analysis

We examine the potential for farmers in South-East Asia to adapt to climate change using a survey of farmers from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. We model farmers’ current choices using cross-sectional analysis. We test the climate sensitivity of when to plant, which crop to plant, whether to irrigate, and how much inputs to use. We find that all these choices are sensitive to climate in this region. Farmers are likely to adapt to future climate change by growing more rice and oilseed crops, planting more often from November through March, and relying more heavily on ground water irrigation for water short seasons.

scholarly journals Soil Microbiomes Under Climate Change and Implications for Carbon Cycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59
Author(s):  
Dan Naylor ◽  
Natalie Sadler ◽  
Arunima Bhattacharjee ◽  
Emily B. Graham ◽  
Christopher R. Anderton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Soil Carbon Cycling ◽  
Heterogeneous Soil ◽  
The Impact

Communities of soil microorganisms (soil microbiomes) play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and support of plant growth. Here we focus primarily on the roles that the soil microbiome plays in cycling soil organic carbon and the impact of climate change on the soil carbon cycle. We first discuss current challenges in understanding the roles carried out by highly diverse and heterogeneous soil microbiomes and review existing knowledge gaps in understanding how climate change will impact soil carbon cycling by the soil microbiome. Because soil microbiome stability is a key metric to understand as the climate changes, we discuss different aspects of stability, including resistance, resilience, and functional redundancy.We then review recent research pertaining to the impact of major climate perturbations on the soil microbiome and the functions that they carry out. Finally, we review new experimental methodologies and modeling approaches under development that should facilitate our understanding of the complex nature of the soil microbiome to better predict its future responses to climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Eutrophication of Water Ecosystems in the Southern Part of the Republic of Moldova

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Maria Nedealcov ◽  
Dumitru Drumea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The accelerating pace of climate change mainly on the adjacent territory of the Danube basin, contribute to the essential eutrophication of water basins within the region. The results indicate that air temperature recorded a double warming compared to territories from the central part of the country. On the background the accelerated warming there is a declining trend and of annual rainfall amounts. These climate changes, especially in recent decades have led to significant increase of water temperature in rivers and lakes. Thus, it constituted in the years 1990-2000 by 0.7 and 1.50C compared to the period 1980-1990, and by 1.0...2,00C accordingly in the years 2000-2013 compared to the previous decade. The significant increase of temperature during the last decade contributed to the intensification of algae growth and together with other factors contributed to the increase by about 20% of the nitrogen content, thus ensuring the ―flowering‖ with 50% of the water bodies’ volume.

scholarly journals Evaluating Stochastic Precipitation Generators for Climate Change Impact Studies of New York City’s Primary Water Supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachiketa Acharya ◽  
Allan Frei ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Leslie DeCristofaro ◽  
Emmet M. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
New York State ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Precipitation Occurrence ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Watersheds located in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York State contribute about 90% of the water to the New York City water supply system. Recent studies show that this region is experiencing increasing trends in total precipitation and extreme precipitation events. To assess the impact of this and other possible climatic changes on the water supply, there is a need to develop future climate scenarios that can be used as input to hydrological and reservoir models. Recently, stochastic weather generators (SWGs) have been used in climate change adaptation studies because of their ability to produce synthetic weather time series. This study examines the performance of a set of SWGs with varying levels of complexity to simulate daily precipitation characteristics, with a focus on extreme events. To generate precipitation occurrence, three Markov chain models (first, second, and third orders) were evaluated in terms of simulating average and extreme wet days and dry/wet spell lengths. For precipitation magnitude, seven models were investigated, including five parametric distributions, one resampling technique, and a polynomial-based curve fitting technique. The methodology applied here to evaluate SWGs combines several different types of metrics that are not typically combined in a single analysis. It is found that the first-order Markov chain performs as well as higher orders for simulating precipitation occurrence, and two parametric distribution models (skewed normal and mixed exponential) are deemed best for simulating precipitation magnitudes. The specific models that were found to be most applicable to the region may be valuable in bottom-up vulnerability studies for the watershed, as well as for other nearby basins.

Emerging climate changes and the risks to the operation of building assets in the UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alzahrani ◽  
Halim Boussabaine ◽  
Ali Nasser Alzaed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report results from a survey on emerging climate changes and the risks to the operation of building assets in the UK. The property sector is facing major challenges as a result of projected climate change scenarios. Predictions concerning future climate change and the subsequent impact on building operations are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty. However, it is important that building stockholders consider a range of possible future risks that may influence the operation of their assets. Design/methodology/approach – The literature review and questionnaire are used to elicit and assess the likelihood of occurrence of climate change risks impacting building operations. The survey was carried out among building stockowners and professionals in the UK. Statistical methods were used to rank and compare the findings. Findings – The majority of the respondents strongly agreed that the list of risks that were elicited from the literature will have an impact on their building assets within a 0-5 years’ time horizon. It was found that the professionals were most concerned about higher energy prices and an increase in operation costs in general; they were least concerned about an electricity blackout. Research limitations/implications – This paper is limited to the UK, and regional variations are not explored. Nevertheless, the buildings’ operation risk study provides a starting point for further investigations into the emerging risks from climate change, and their impact on the operation of building stock. Future work could investigate direct mapping between climate risks and the financial value of properties. Originality/value – Findings of this paper can help professionals and building stockowners improve their understanding of climate change risks and the impact on their assets. This paper could also help these individuals to formulate appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Impact of Global Climate Changes and Urbanization on Summertime Future Climate in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiho A. Adachi ◽  
Fujio Kimura ◽  
Hiroyuki Kusaka ◽  
Tomoshige Inoue ◽  
Hiroaki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, the impact of global climate change and anticipated urbanization over the next 70 years is estimated with regard to the summertime local climate in the Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA), whose population is already near its peak now. First, five climate projections for the 2070s calculated with the aid of general circulation models (GCMs) are used for dynamical downscaling experiments to evaluate the impact of global climate changes using a regional climate model. Second, the sensitivity of future urbanization until the 2070s is examined assuming a simple developing urban scenario for the TMA. These two sensitivity analyses indicate that the increase in the surface air temperature from the 1990s to the 2070s is about 2.0°C as a result of global climate changes under the A1B scenario in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) and about 0.5°C as a result of urbanization. Considering the current urban heat island intensity (UHII) of 1.0°C, the possible UHII in the future reaches an average of 1.5°C in the TMA. This means that the mitigation of the UHII should be one of the ways to adapt to a local temperature increase caused by changes in the future global climate. In addition, the estimation of temperature increase due to global climate change has an uncertainty of about 2.0°C depending on the GCM projection, suggesting that the local climate should be projected on the basis of multiple GCM projections.

scholarly journals The Shape of Things to Come: Why Is Climate Change So Predictable?

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 4574-4589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia B. Baker ◽  
Gerard H. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Ocean Heat Uptake ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The framework of feedback analysis is used to explore the controls on the shape of the probability distribution of global mean surface temperature response to climate forcing. It is shown that ocean heat uptake, which delays and damps the temperature rise, can be represented as a transient negative feedback. This transient negative feedback causes the transient climate change to have a narrower probability distribution than that of the equilibrium climate response (the climate sensitivity). In this sense, climate change is much more predictable than climate sensitivity. The width of the distribution grows gradually over time, a consequence of which is that the larger the climate change being contemplated, the greater the uncertainty is about when that change will be realized. Another consequence of this slow growth is that further efforts to constrain climate sensitivity will be of very limited value for climate projections on societally relevant time scales. Finally, it is demonstrated that the effect on climate predictability of reducing uncertainty in the atmospheric feedbacks is greater than the effect of reducing uncertainty in ocean feedbacks by the same proportion. However, at least at the global scale, the total impact of uncertainty in climate feedbacks is dwarfed by the impact of uncertainty in climate forcing, which in turn is contingent on choices made about future anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Reservoir yield intercomparison of large dams in Jaguaribe Basin-CE in climate change scenarios

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Cleiton da Silva Silveira ◽  
Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart ◽  
Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reservoir Yield

ABSTRACT Climate changes can have different impacts on water resources. Strategies to adapt to climate changes depend on impact studies. In this context, this study aimed to estimate the impact that changes in precipitation, projected by Global Circulation Models (GCMs) in the fifth report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR5) may cause on reservoir yield (Q90) of large reservoirs (Castanhão and Banabuiú), located in the Jaguaribe River Basin, Ceará. The rainfall data are from 20 GCMs using two greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The precipitation projections were used as input data for the rainfall-runoff model (SMAP) and, after the reservoirs’ inflow generation, the reservoir yields were simulated in the AcquaNet model, for the time periods of 2040-2069 and 2070-2099. The results were analyzed and presented a great divergence, in sign (increase or decrease) and in the magnitude of change of Q90. However, most Q90 projections indicated reduction in both reservoirs, for the two periods, especially at the end of the 21th century.

scholarly journals STUDI HIDROLOGI BERDASARKAN CLIMATE CHANGES MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SWAT DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR WADUK JATILUHUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Budi Darmawan Supatmanto ◽  
Sri Malahayati Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Coverage

Daerah Tangkapan waduk Jatiluhur berada diantara 107011'36” - 107032'36" BT and 6029'50" - 6040'45" LS di Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Area dengan luas 380 km2 merupakan 8% dari seluruh total area Hulu Sungai Citarum seluas 4500 km2. Fungsi dari daerah ini untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air untuk pertanian di Karawang dan Bekasi dan memenuhi kebutuhan air di Jakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk meneliti dampak dari perubahan ik (Climate Changes) terhadap hasil hidrologi di daerah tangkapan. Perubahan iklim ditentukan oleh beberapa scenario perubahan iklim yang disiapkan sebagai input dalam SWAT hidrologi model. Simulasi dilakukan sesudah model dikalibrasi untuk mendapatkan parameter model yang sesuai dengan model hidrologi. Setelah itu model divalidasi untuk mengetahui bahwa model menggambarkan keadaan lapangan. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai limpasan dan hasil air yang bervariasi berdasarkan perubahan iklim. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya untuk mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor perubahan iklim untuk mempelajari proses hidrologi di Daerah Tangkapan Air.Kata Kunci: SWAT, hidrologi, skenario perubahan iklim dan area tangkapan=Jatiluhur Reservoir Catchment Area is located between 107011'36” - 107032'36" BT and 6029'50" - 6040'45" LS in West Java, Indonesia. The catchment area embraces 380 km2, which is 8% of the total coverage area in the upstream of Citarum River with the total area of 4500 km2. The functions of this catchment are essential for meeting the needs of water for agriculture in Karawang and Bekasi area, and drinking water needs for Jakarta area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of climate change on hydrology yield in the catchment. Changes in climate are discovered by several different climate changes scenarios, prepared as input for hydrological model SWAT. Simulation scenarios conducted after the model is calibrated in order to obtain model parameters that are sensitive to the hydrological response. Afterwards models are validated to find out that the model has described the state of the field. The result showed that the values of runoff and water yield are varies based on climate change. Therefore, there is a need to consider the factors of climate change in order to study hydrological process of a watershed.Keywords: SWAT, hydrology, climate changes scenarios and catchment areas.

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