Two Tales of Super-Typhoons and Super-Wealth in Northwest Pacific: Will Global-Warming-Fueled Cyclones Ravage East and Southeast Asia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 1850012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Niggol Seo
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of the typhoons generated in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and affecting East/Southeast Asia on the number of human fatalities using the typhoon data from 1980 to 2016 and whether future typhoons, likely more intense due to global warming, will dramatically increase human fatalities. The best-track data and the tropical cyclone (TC) reports show that there was no change in the intensity of cyclones during this time period, nor in the number of fatalities. An application of a negative binomial count-data model of the number of TC fatalities shows that the number of fatalities increases by 1.8 percent in response to a one-unit increase in TC intensity, expressed in terms of the minimum central pressure (MCP), but the number of fatalities also decreases by 0.53 percent in response to a one-unit increase in income per capita. In the future year 2100, a 5 millibar decrease in MCP, i.e., an increase in TC intensity, is predicted to increase the number of fatalities by 9 percent from the present fatality value, while a 10 millibar decrease to increase it by 18 percent. However, an increase in income per capita by 1 percent annually coupled with a 10 millibar decrease in the MCP is predicted to decrease the number of fatalities by 59 percent of the present number of fatalities. A surprisingly high income elasticity in the Northwest Pacific is attributed to the difference between Japan and the Philippines, two island nations both heavily affected by typhoons. The income per capita in Japan is more than 20 times than that of the Philippines, which makes the historical number of fatalities in each cyclone landfall more than 20 times smaller in the former, due to superb historical adaptations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dengue on Economic Growth: The Case of Southern Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Chien-Yuan Sher ◽  
Ho Ting Wong ◽  
Yu-Chun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Dengue has long been a public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In 2015, a dengue outbreak occurred in Taiwan, where 43,784 cases were reported. This study aims to assess the impact of dengue on Southern Taiwan’s economic growth according to the economic growth model-based regression approach recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Herein, annual data from Southern Taiwan on the number of dengue cases, income growth, and demographics from 2010–2015 were analyzed. The percentage of reduction of the average income per capita in 2015 due to the dengue outbreak was estimated. Dengue was determined to have a negative linear economic impact on Southern Taiwan’s economic growth. In particular, a reduction of 0.26% in the average income per capita was estimated in Southern Taiwan due to the 2015 outbreak. If the model is applied alongside other dengue outbreak forecast models, then the forecast for economic reduction due to a future dengue outbreak may also be estimated. Prevention and recovery policies may subsequently be decided upon based on not only the number of dengue cases but also the degree of economic burden resulting from an outbreak.

The Economic Impact of Ecotourism on Regional China: Further Evidence from Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Qin Sun ◽  
Yapa M. W. Y. Bandara ◽  
Kishor Sharma ◽  
John Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

This article contributes to the literature on the economic impact of ecotourism in regional China with a focus on Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, which attract about 50 per cent of the total number of tourists visiting China annually. Our analysis suggests that tourism significantly contributes to value added, output, income and employment generation in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, although the level of contribution varies between the two provinces. For example, the impact of an additional tourist dollar would be higher in generating employment and household income in Yunnan province, while the same dollar has a higher impact in generating value added in Sichuan. While in both provinces international tourists generate much higher income per capita than their domestic counterparts, in comparison with Sichuan, Yunnan is considered to be better placed for further development of tourism, particularly ecotourism. The promotion of ecotourism in these provinces will also encourage the Chinese youth to stay in their own provinces rather than to migrate to export-processing provinces—a problem that has already created a concern among the Chinese policymakers.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Income per Capita Convergence on ASEAN Plus Three (APT) Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Any Fatiwetunusa ◽  
Syamsurijal Syamsurijal ◽  
Sa’adah Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Convergence ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Convergence Model ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study is to test the convergence of income per capita in APT countries through three models: absolute convergence, conditional convergence and sigma convergence. Regression analysis of panel data from 13 APT countries during the period of 2001-2014 is used to analysed to study problem. In absolute convergence model, the growth of real GDP per capita and initial real GDP are used as the variables, meanwhile, 8 variables such as the growth of real GPD per capita, initial real GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio are analyzed in conditional convergence model. According to the Solow model, the economies of the countries will converge in which the growth of income per capita of developing countries will be higher than those of developed countries. The economies will be convergent if the countries tend to move to a similar steady state resulting in smaller gap between the countries. Based on the results of absolute convergence and conditional convergence models, APT countries is converging with the rate of 2% and 2.2%. This is consistent with the results of sigma convergence model that shows a declining trend in the dispersion of real GDP per capita in APT regions. The growth of real GDP per capita is influenced by initial GDP per capita, labor force ratio, value added in agricultural sector, value added in industrial sector, terms of trade, foreign direct investment and internet users ratio. Developed countries such as Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and South Korea experience the impact of high real GDP per capita growth. On the contrary, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam and The Phillipines undergo the impact of low GDP per capita growth.

scholarly journals A Limited Effect of Sub-Tropical Typhoons on Phytoplankton Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Chai ◽  
Yuntao Wang ◽  
Xiaogang Xing ◽  
Yunwei Yan ◽  
Huijie Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Typhoons are assumed to stimulate ocean primary production through the upward mixing of nutrients into the surface ocean, based largely on observations of increased surface chlorophyll concentrations following the passage of typhoons. This surface chlorophyll enhancement, seen on occasion by satellites, more often is undetected due to intense cloud coverage. Daily data from a BGC-Argo profiling float revealed the upper-ocean response to Typhoon Trami in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Temperature and chlorophyll changed rapidly, with a significant drop in sea surface temperature and surge in surface chlorophyll associated with strong vertical mixing, which was only partially captured by satellite observations. However, no net increase in vertically integrated chlorophyll was observed during Typhoon Trami or in its wake. Contrary to the prevailing dogma, the results show that typhoons likely have limited effect on net ocean primary production. Observed surface chlorophyll enhancements during and immediately following typhoons in tropical and subtropical waters are more likely associated with surface entrainment of deep chlorophyll maxima. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that remote sensing data alone can overestimate the impact of storms on primary production in all oceans. Full understanding of the impact of storms on upper ocean productivity can only be achieved with ocean observing robots dedicated to high-resolution temporal sampling in the path of storms.

scholarly journals Will population exposure to heat extremes intensify over Southeast Asia in a warmer world?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuerong Sun ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Yi Fan ◽  
Shoupeng Zhu ◽  
Quanliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Heat Extremes

Abstract Temperature extremes have increased during the past several decades and are expected to intensify under current rapid global warming over Southeast Asia (SEA). Exposure to rising temperatures in highly vulnerable regions affects populations, ecosystems, and other elements that may suffer potential losses. Here, we evaluate changes in temperature extremes and future population exposure over SEA at global warming levels (GWLs) of 2.0 °C and 3.0 °C using outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results indicate that temperature extreme indices are projected to increase over SEA at both GWLs, with more significant magnitudes at 3.0 °C. However, daily temperature ranges (DTR) show a decrease. The substantial increase in total SEA population exposure to heat extremes from 730 million person-days at 2.0 °C GWL to 1,200 million person-days at 3.0 °C GWL is mostly contributed by the climate change component, accounting for 48%. In addition, if the global warming is restricted well below 2.0 °C, the avoided impacts in population exposure are prominent for most regions over SEA with the largest mitigation in the Philippines (PH). Aggregate population exposure to impacts is decreased by approximately 39% at 2.0 °C GWL, while the interaction component effect, which is associated with increased population and climate change, would decrease by 53%. This indicates the serious consequences for growing populations concurrent with global warming impacts if the current fossil-fueled development pathway is adhered to. The present study estimates the risks of increased temperature extremes and population exposure in a warmer future, and further emphasizes the necessity and urgency of implementing climate adaptation and mitigation strategies in SEA.

scholarly journals Impact of National Competitiveness on Economic Growth and Income Level – Evidence From the Selected Post-Soviet Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Aziz Sodikov ◽  
Zuhriddin Rizaev ◽  
Lee Chin ◽  
Shahnoza Ochilova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

This paper investigates the impact of national competitiveness on productivity, economic growth and income per capita in the selected post-Soviet countries between 2004 and 2018. In this paper, 2019 edition of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which is composed of 12 pillars such as namely institutions, infrastructure, ICT adoption, macroeconomic stability, health, skills, product market, labour market, financial system, market size, business dynamism and innovation capability, is used as a proxy for the national competitiveness and productivity for the empirical analysis purposes. The findings reveal that: (1) the GCI is highly correlated with productivity level and the selected post-Soviet countries with higher level of national competitiveness had higher long-term economic growth and income per capita, (2) Russia and Kazakhstan more benefited from rising per capita income associated with enhanced national competitiveness (or productivity growth) compared to other selected former Soviet states, (3) among the GCI factors, ICT adoption, macroeconomic stability, market size and healthy life expectancy were major levers of productivity growth that influenced the national competitiveness, positively and significantly contributing to an increase in the income level in the selected post-Soviet countries in 2004-2018 period.

scholarly journals The Impact of Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Selected Emerging Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poverty Levels

The study explored the impact of remittances on poverty in selected emerging markets. On the theoretical front, the optimistic view argued that remittances inflow into the labour exporting country reduces poverty whereas the pessimistic view proponents said that remittances dependence syndrome retards both economic growth and income per capita. Separately, using two measures of poverty [the poverty headcount ratio at US $1.90 and US $3.10 a day (% of population)] as dependent variables, the fixed effects approach produced results which supported the remittances led poverty reduction (optimistic) hypothesis whereas the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) framework found that remittances inflow into the selected emerging markets led to an increase in poverty levels. The implication of the findings is that emerging markets should put in place policies that attract migrant remittances in order to reduce poverty levels. They should avoid over‑reliance on remittances as that might retard economic growth and income per capita.

The impact of MENA-to-EU migration in the context of demographic change

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRÉDÉRIC DOCQUIER ◽  
LUCA MARCHIORI
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Moderate Reduction ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWe analyze the consequences of increasing MENA-to-EU migration on both sending and receiving regions. Using a general equilibrium model, we find that increasing MENA-to-EU migration generates significant changes in EU15 tax rates and income per capita. Compared to a non-selective immigration shock, selecting immigrants leads to a moderate reduction in tax rates, but to a greater impact on income per capita in the EU15. Emigration, especially if high-skilled, has a detrimental impact on MENA tax rates. Finally, the negative effects in MENA are mitigated if the brain drain leads to side-effects or is accompanied by increased education attainment at origin.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Regional Income Inequality in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfu Shen ◽  
Wai Yan Shum ◽  
Tsun Se Cheong ◽  
Lafang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Regional Income ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Regional Income Inequality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 and social distancing policies on regional income inequality. We base our study on a sample of 295 prefecture (and above) cities in 31 provinces in China. A distribution dynamics approach is employed to reveal the trend and movement of disposable income per capita in each city before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the period when the COVID-19 was under the control. The findings reveal significant negative economic consequences of the COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020 and show that most cities will converge to a level of disposable income which is much less than the Pre-COVID level if the COVID pandemic persists. Regional income inequality has intensified in the cities that have a longer duration of stringent social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and disappeared in the cities with policies of short duration. Disposable income per capita for urban residents recovered quickly when the transmission of coronavirus was effectively contained; and yet the impact of the pandemic on rural residents remains unresolved, if not intensified. This study demonstrates a significant divergence of the trend of disposable income across cities with different durations of social distancing policies and between urban and rural residents. It also highlights the importance of stringent social distancing policies in containing the spread of virus in a short time and calls for special policy attention for rural regions in the recovery from the COVID-19.

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