Exportation of Manpower: A Case Study of Chinese Seasonal Laborers in an Agricultural District in Hokkaido

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Godo ◽  
Tai Wei Lim
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
National Average ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Laborers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Wage Increases

Chiebun District in Hokkaido, one of Japan’s largest vegetable- producing districts, has a long history of accepting agricultural laborers from China. Previously, farms in Chiebun District recruited seasonal laborers from the northeastern part of China, where per-capita income is much lower than China’s national average. At that time, the main reason Chinese laborers came to work in Chiebun District was to earn money. However, because of wage increases in China, it became difficult for Chiebun District farms to recruit these seasonal laborers. Around the same time, consumers’ demands for new types of vegetables were increasing in other regions such as Hebei, Henan, and Shandon Provinces, creating the need to train the farmers in these areas. Farms in Chiebun District provide comfortable living and working conditions for Chinese laborers. In return, the Chinese laborers, as indispensable manpower, contribute to the prosperity of the local agricultural industry in Chiebun District. As such, Chiebun District presents a model of a reciprocal relationship between Japanese farms and Chinese seasonal laborers.

Progressive Law, Activism, and Lawyering in an Age of Preemption

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-267
Author(s):  
Rashmi Dyal-Chand
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Movements ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Core Questions

Preemption is one of the most important legal doctrines for today’s progressives to understand because of its power to constrain progressive policymaking and social movement lawyering at the state and local level. By examining the detailed history of a decades-long campaign by the labor and environmental movements to improve working conditions in an industry at the heart of the global supply chain, Scott L. Cummings’s Blue and Green: The Drive for Justice at America’s Port (2018) provides a case study about the doctrine and impacts of preemption. The study also inspires lawyers and activists alike to reexamine core questions of factual relevance, representation and voice, and precedent.

scholarly journals POTRET IPM DI PROPINSI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2000-2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prayudi Setiawan Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to find the relationship between compliance with HDI in East Java. With case study on Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Gresik. Where is expected to recover low HDI East Java in Java Island that year. The method to be used in this research is descriptive Quantitative research method. The first result, success in controlling the population both from the side of birth control and in-migration, will enable the achievement of a relatively low population density. As the population density diminishes, the education budget and health budget issued by the government will have a more significant impact on improving education and public health. This will ultimately increase HDI, as education and health levels are a dimension in HDI measurement. Second, population control will increase per capita income. Per capita income (GRDP per capita) of GRDP is divided by the total population. With fewer populations, GDP per capita will tend to be higher. High per capita income will increase HDI growth.

Measurement of Structural Change in the Pakistan Economy: A Review of the National Income Estimates 1949/50 to 1963/64

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-208
Author(s):  
Taufiq M. Khan ◽  
Asbjorn Bergan
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
British India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Net National Product ◽  
The Masses

A number of national income estimates are available for pre-Partition India. Many of these estimates, especially those pertaining to the last quarter of the 19th and the early 20th centuries, had their origin in political controversy. The estimators were mainly concerned with proving or refuting the idea that the per capita income was very low and that the government had failed to improve the economic conditions of the masses[6]. The earlier estimates were based on scanty data but as time passed, the basic statistics as well as the methods of income estima¬tion improved. The studies of national income of British India, undertaken by Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao, were exhaustive and comprehensive and still serve as a useful reference for all those who are interested in the history of national income estimation in India [14]. Because of the general lack of economic data in India, Dr. Rao conducted a number of ad hoc enquiries in different parts of India to fill in the existing gaps in data. The various estimates of per capita income in India before Partition are shown in Appendix Table A-I. These estimates are at current prices. Because of differences in concepts and methodology, these estimates are not entirely comparable and are to be regarded as rough approximations of per capita net national product at factor cost.

Ordinary Farmers Living Anarchist Time: Arishima Cooperative Farm in Hokkaido, 1922–1935

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1887
Author(s):  
SHO KONISHI
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
New Era ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
Tenant Farmer ◽  
Agricultural Laborers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tenant Farmers

AbstractThis paper offers a fresh anarchist history of modern rural experience at the heart of Japan's modernization project in Hokkaido. The rationalization of agricultural methods and the establishment of big farms in Hokkaido worked by tenant farmers served the dual purpose of both colonizing and modernizing Japan's northern frontier. Against the idea of progress imbued in that colonial project, the anarchist and celebrity writer, Arishima Takeo, liberated his tenant farmers by dissolving his tenant farm in Niseko in 1922. The farmers were made the new cooperative owners. Members of the farm, made famous during widespread tenant-farmer disputes, believed they stood at the heart of progress. ‘Sōgo fujō’ (mutual aid) was viewed as an ethic for social transformation, democracy and elimination of hierarchy that linked the farmers with the wider world. It was the farmers’ consciousness of working in a new era, better than ever before, that made them modern. Their community offers us a case study of the imagination and experience of modern temporality amongst the most unlikely subjects of the modern, ordinary agricultural laborers in rural Asia in the early twentieth century. This anarchist history challenges the conceptual framework that has categorized rural Japan as the seat of conservative politics, nativism and traditionalism, and the antithesis of modernity.

scholarly journals Rural Consumer Behaviour Factors Analysis : A Case Study on Bundelkhand Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 726-738
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Per Capita

In present Globalized era of business, we observe in Indian economy are such as multifarious changes from country wide to worldwide on can observe drastic changes in Rural India. Due to emergence of media, education and changes in per-capita income of individuals in rural areas. The consumption enormously shifted to new trends in behaviour patterns of consumers.

Services globalization and sub-national demand linkages: The case of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1440002
Author(s):  
Anirudh Shingal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
State Level ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Employment Data

The role of services globalization in inclusive growth is already getting attention in the literature. We add to this literature using India as a case study. India's state-level services value added and employment data studied in this paper reveal that globalization-induced opportunities are filtering down to the country's high per capita income states. More significantly, our empirical analysis, motivated by the New Economic Geography literature and the work of Davis and Weinstein (1996, 1999, 2003), suggests that these opportunities are also creating demand linkages throughout the country. Moreover, the wider network of sub-national demand linkages may be getting formed independently of historical income, skill or locational advantages, which has potentially generalizable implications for other services-globalization-led economies.

Sharecropping As An Understandable Market Response: The Post-Bellum South

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Real Income ◽  
National Average ◽  
Market Response ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

On the eve of the Civil War southern per capita real income was eighty percent of northern. Treating slaves as property, real income per free southerner was four percent greater and growing at the same rate as its northern counterpart. Southern per capita income was but fifty-one percent of the national average in 1880, and only slowly began to relatively advance after 1900.

Lawfare and Security Labor: Subjectification and Subjugation of Police Workers in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Beatrice Jauregui
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Police Work ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of

What labor rights do police workers have? How are they legally delimited? This article addresses these questions through a case study of government responses to attempts by police constables in post/colonial South Asia to express job-related grievances and establish employee unions. Drawing on ethnographic observations, interviews, and archival documents collected in India over fifteen years, the analysis demonstrates that, for more than a century, class warfare within police organizations has manifested in counter-insurgency “lawfare” between senior officials and subordinate personnel regarding whether and how the latter may collectively organize to transform their living and working conditions. It further shows how in this context law as a social field has worked to subjectify rank-and-file police as an ironically exploitable and expendable class of laborers who are always already suspect of rebelling against the state that they have sworn to serve. Through revelations of a long history of structural servitude compelling subaltern police in South Asia to do questionably legal types of labor, this study raises challenging questions about how police work has been conceived and practiced globally as “security labor” and how, moving forward, we must work to reimagine what police work is, what it can be, and what it ought to be.

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