Young Children's Interactions with Objects: Play as Practice and Practice as Play

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Lockman ◽  
Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Manual Skill ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Imagined Interactions ◽  
Play Development

Objects permeate human culture and saturate the imagination. This duality offers both opportunity and challenge. Here we ask how young human children learn to exploit the immense potential afforded by objects that can exist simultaneously in physical and imaginary realms. To this end, we advance a new framework that integrates the presently siloed literatures on manual skill and play development. We argue that developments in children's real and imagined use of objects are embodied, reciprocal, and intertwined. Advances in one plane of action influence and scaffold advances in the other. Consistent with this unified framework, we show how real and imagined interactions with objects are characterized by developmental parallels in how children ( a) transcend the present to encompass future points in time and space, ( b) extend beyond the self, and ( c) gradually move beyond objects’ designed functions. In addition, we highlight bidirectional influences in children's real and imagined interactions with objects: Play engenders practice and skill in using objects, but just the same, practice using objects engenders advances in play. We close by highlighting the theoretical, empirical, and translational implications of this embodied and integrated account of manual skill and play development. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Early Childhood Obesity: A Developmental Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan H. Pesch ◽  
Julie C. Lumeng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Developmental Context

Childhood obesity is a multifactorial disease, shaped by child, familial, and societal influences; prevention efforts must begin early in childhood. Viewing the problem of childhood obesity through a developmental lens is critical to understanding the nuances of a child's interactions with food and their environment across the span of growth and development. Risk factors for childhood obesity begin prior to birth, compounding across the life course. Some significant risk factors are unmodifiable (e.g., genetics) while others are theoretically modifiable. Social inequities, however, hinder many families from easily making modifications to a range of risk factors. The objective of this review is to provide background and an overview of the literature on childhood obesity in early childhood (birth to 5 years of age) in a developmental context. Special focus is placed on unique developmental considerations, child eating behaviors, and parental feeding behaviors in infancy, toddlerhood, and preschool ages. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals A Conversation with Michael Rutter

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Janet Werker
Keyword(s):  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Child ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Developmental Psychiatry

The Annual Review of Developmental Psychology presents a conversation with Professor Sir Michael Rutter, held remotely in the time of COVID but nonetheless wonderfully revealing of who this incredible scholar is and how he thinks. The contributions he has made to our understanding of child development are so vast and varied as to almost defy description. Erudite, articulate, and rigorous in his science, Michael Rutter is also deeply compassionate, caring, and outcome oriented. With training in medicine, neurology, pediatrics, and psychiatry, he held the first child psychiatry appointment in the United Kingdom and set up both the MRC Child Psychiatry Research Unit and the MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP). We feel fortunate to have had the opportunity to get to know Sir Michael, and to share this interview with you. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

The Reasonable Person Standard: Psychological and Legal Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Alicke ◽  
Stephanie H. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Science Volume ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Reasonable Person ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Objective Standard ◽  
Reasonable Person Standard

In criminal cases of self-defense and provocation, and civil cases of negligence, culpability is often decided with reference to how a reasonably prudent person (RPP) would have behaved in similar circumstances. The RPP is said to be an objective standard in that it eschews consideration of a defendant's unique background or characteristics. We discuss theory and evidence suggesting that in morally relevant judgments, including those involving negligence, self-defense, and provocation, the tendency to rely on the self—on one's own values and predilections—dominates considerations of the RPP. We consider subjective standards that have been proposed as alternatives to the RPP and review research on this topic. We conclude by considering avenues for future research, particularly addressing conditions in which self-standards of reasonableness are most likely to prevail. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Volume 17 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Paligenosis: Cellular Remodeling During Tissue Repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Brown ◽  
Charles J. Cho ◽  
Jason C. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
New Framework

Complex multicellular organisms have evolved specific mechanisms to replenish cells in homeostasis and during repair. Here, we discuss how emerging technologies (e.g., single-cell RNA sequencing) challenge the concept that tissue renewal is fueled by unidirectional differentiation from a resident stem cell. We now understand that cell plasticity, i.e., cells adaptively changing differentiation state or identity, is a central tissue renewal mechanism. For example, mature cells can access an evolutionarily conserved program (paligenosis) to reenter the cell cycle and regenerate damaged tissue. Most tissues lack dedicated stem cells and rely on plasticity to regenerate lost cells. Plasticity benefits multicellular organisms, yet it also carries risks. For one, when long-lived cells undergo paligenotic, cyclical proliferation and redifferentiation, they can accumulate and propagate acquired mutations that activate oncogenes and increase the potential for developing cancer. Lastly, we propose a new framework for classifying patterns of cell proliferation in homeostasis and regeneration, with stem cells representing just one of the diverse methods that adult tissues employ. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Clinical Staging for Youth Mental Disorders: Progress in Reforming Diagnosis and Clinical Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. McGorry ◽  
Cristina Mei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Illness Progression ◽  
Selection Of

Current silo-based diagnostic systems for mental disorders lack utility and fail to fulfil a fundamental purpose of diagnosis: to guide treatment planning and predict outcomes. Diagnostic reform has gained momentum, and clinical staging has emerged as a promising framework to improve the precision of diagnosis, particularly in early illness stages, and fill current gaps in linking diagnosis to more personalized and effective intervention, prognosis, and neurobiological markers. Transdiagnostic clinical staging recognizes that the early development of mental ill-health is marked by substantial fluidity and that symptoms may, although not inevitably, evolve into more stable diagnosable syndromes. Staging facilitates the selection of interventions that are proportionate to the current need and risk of illness progression and provides an efficient framework to organize biomarker data and guide service delivery. Here, we provide an overview of transdiagnostic clinical staging and summarize key evidence supporting its ability to integrate biomarkers and guide mental health care. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience in the Era of Networks and Big Data: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien A. Fair ◽  
Nico U.F. Dosenbach ◽  
Amy H. Moore ◽  
Theodore Satterthwaite ◽  
Michael P. Milham
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Functional Connectivity Mri ◽  
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Developmental cognitive neuroscience is being pulled in new directions by network science and big data. Brain imaging [e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional connectivity MRI], analytical advances (e.g., graph theory, machine learning), and access to large computing resources have empowered us to collect and process neurobehavioral data faster and in larger populations than ever before. The translational potential from these advances is unparalleled, as a better understanding of complex human brain functions is best grounded in the onset of these functions during human development. However, the maturation of developmental cognitive neuroscience has seen the emergence of new challenges and pitfalls, which have significantly slowed progress and need to be overcome to maintain momentum. In this review, we examine the state of developmental cognitive neuroscience in the era of networks and big data. In addition, we provide a discussion of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the field to advance developmental cognitive neuroscience's scientific and translational potential. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Achievement Motivation: What We Know and Where We Are Going

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Wigfield ◽  
Katherine Muenks ◽  
Jacquelynne S. Eccles
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Competence Beliefs ◽  
The Status

We review work on the development of children's and adolescents’ achievement motivation, focusing on recent advances in the empirical work in the field and commenting on the status of current theories prominent in the literature. We first focus on the main theories guiding the field and the development of motivational beliefs, values, and goals; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation; identity and motivation; and motivation and emotion. We provide our views on future directions for theory development and what we believe are the critical next steps in developmental research. We then discuss the burgeoning intervention work designed to enhance different aspects of children's motivation: their competence beliefs and mindsets, intrinsic motivation, valuing of achievement, and growth mindsets. We also provide suggestions for next steps in this area in order to guide the field forward. We close with a brief consideration of neuroscience approaches to motivation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Personality Assessment of Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Shiner ◽  
Christopher J. Soto ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Heterotypic Continuity

This review offers a theoretical and practical guide to assessing a broad range of personality differences in middle childhood and adolescence. We begin by highlighting normative changes in middle childhood and adolescence that shape the personality differences youth display. We then review the assessment of four broad domains of personality in children and adolescents: temperament and personality traits, social-emotional-behavioral (SEB) skills, motivation and agency (including goals, values, and interests), and narrative identity. We conclude by offering a primer of general principles for assessing personality in childhood and adolescence: pursuing ongoing construct validation, weighing strengths and weaknesses of various informants and data sources, combining measures, addressing heterotypic continuity, obtaining child self-reports, and pursuing promising new directions. It is well worth taking on the challenges inherent in assessing these individual differences because children and adolescents display a rich, complex, and meaningful set of still-changing personality differences that shape the course of their lives. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Executive Functions in Social Context: Implications for Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Supporting Developmental Trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Munakata ◽  
Laura E. Michaelson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Life Outcomes

Success in life is linked to executive functions, a collection of cognitive processes that support goal-directed behaviors. Executive functions is an umbrella term related to cognitive control, self-control, and more. Variations in executive functioning predict concurrent success in schooling, relationships, and behavior, as well as important life outcomes years later. Such findings may suggest that certain individuals are destined for good executive functioning and success. However, environmental influences on executive function and development have long been recognized. Recent research in this tradition demonstrates the power of social contextual influences on children's engagement of executive functions. Such findings suggest new interpretations of why individuals differ in executive functioning and associated life outcomes, including across cultures and socioeconomic statuses. These findings raise fundamental questions about how best to conceptualize, measure, and support executive functioning across diverse contexts. Future research addressing real-world dynamics and computational mechanisms will elucidate how executive functioning emerges in the world. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Asthma as a Developmental Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando D. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Developmental Windows ◽  
Environmental Microbes

Asthma is the most common disorder in childhood, affecting six million children in the United States. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, but most cases either start in early life or have their roots in events occurring in utero or during the preschool years. Protective or harmful exposures, including to environmental microbes, occurring during critical developmental windows determine patterns of immune responses that often persist for a lifetime. Air pollution, tobacco smoke, and prematurity can cause congenital airway narrowing, and newborns with decreased airway function are at risk for having asthma symptoms up to adulthood. Effects of environmental exposures are modified by common genetic variations and may also be mediated by prenatal changes in the epigenetic structure of the genome. Based on this evidence, we have postulated that asthma should be considered a developmental disorder, and this concept may be applicable to other chronic medical conditions affecting both children and adults. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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