Effects of intestinal bypass surgery on appetite, food intake, and body weight in obese and lean rats.

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. E389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sclafani ◽  
H S Koopmans ◽  
J R Vasselli ◽  
M Reichman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Jejunoileal Bypass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intestinal Bypass ◽  
Clinical Observations

Jejunoileal bypass surgery or sham surgery was performed in female rats made obese with ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) knife cuts, and in lean control rats. After bypass surgery, the VMH rats underate and lost weight until they reached the body weight of the control sham rats, and they then maintained their weight at control levels. Bypass surgery in lean rats produced much smaller reductions in food intake and body weight. Both bypass groups initially consumed less of a sucrose solution and milk diet during 1 h/day tests, but their intakes returned to near normal levels during the second postoperative month. Reconnection of the intestinal tract in the VMH-bypass rats led to renewed hyperphagia and return to obese body weights. A second experiment revealed that bypass surgery reduces food intake and body weight in genetically obese (fatty) rats, but this effect is not as pronounced as that displayed by VMH rats. These results confirm recent clinical observations that reduced appetite and caloric intake are the major causes of the weight loss produced by intestinal bypass surgery.

Hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity in rats with jejunoileal bypass

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. G387-G394
Author(s):  
A. Sclafani ◽  
H. S. Koopmans ◽  
K. A. Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Jejunoileal Bypass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bypass Group ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Hypothalamic Hyperphagia

Jejunoileal bypass or sham surgery was performed in adult female rats followed 35 days later by ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) knife cut or sham surgery (forming groups Bypass-VMH, Bypass-Sham, Sham-VMH, and Sham-Sham). Bypassed rats receiving VMH cuts (Bypass-VMH group) ate more food and gained more weight than did either Bypass-Sham or Sham-Sham groups. The hyperphagia and obesity of the Bypass-VMH rats was, however, substantially less than that of the sham bypass VMH cut rats (Sham-VMH group). Bypass-VMH rats that had their intestinal tract reconnected increased their food intake and ultimately became as obese as the Sham-VMH rats. Two additional groups received VMH knife cut or sham surgery followed 50 days later by jejunoileal bypass surgery (VMH-Bypass and Sham-Bypass groups). At the time of the bypass the VMH-Bypass group was hyperphagic and obese, but after surgery they underate and lost weight until they eventually stabilized their body weight at a level below that of the Sham-Bypass group. The body weight of the VMH-Bypass group was also 167 g less than that of the Bypass-VMH group. Thus, the order of surgery significantly influences the food intake and body weight level of rats with VMH knife cuts and jejunoileal bypass.

Appetite suppressant activity in plasma of rats after intestinal bypass surgery

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. R60-R64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Atkinson ◽  
E. L. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Jejunoileal Bypass ◽  
Intestinal Bypass ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Appetite Suppressant ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Subsequent Intake

Male Sprague-Dawley rats with a jejunoileal bypass ate 32% less in the 1st h of refeeding after an overnight fast than did sham-bypass rats. Fasted recipients injected intraperitoneally with 6-7 ml of bypass plasma also ate 32% less (P less than 0.001) during the 1st h of refeeding than did recipients of sham-bypass plasma, but subsequent intake was not significantly different. Rectal temperature, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and percent polymorphonuclear leukocytes were not different between bypass and sham-bypass rats. A test for aversive conditioning suggested that the effect of bypass plasma was not due to illness or discomfort. These data suggest that intestinal bypass produces a transferable humoral factor that suppresses food intake and that the effect is not due to illness or discomfort. If the decreased food intake in humans after intestinal bypass is due to a similar mechanism, the possibility exists that this humoral appetite-suppressant factor may be clinically useful in the treatment of morbid obesity.

scholarly journals Genistein during Development Alters Differentially the Expression of POMC in Male and Female Rats

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Fernandez-Garcia ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Patricia Tezanos ◽  
Paloma Collado ◽  
Helena Pinos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dorsomedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Phytoestrogens are considered beneficial for health, but some studies have shown that they may cause adverse effects. This study investigated the effects of genistein administration during the second week of life on energy metabolism and on the circuits regulating food intake. Two different genistein doses, 10 or 50 µg/g, were administered to male and female rats from postnatal day (P) 6 to P13. Physiological parameters, such as body weight and caloric intake, were then analyzed at P90. Moreover, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and orexin expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), perifornical area (PF) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) were studied. Our results showed a delay in the emergence of sex differences in the body weight in the groups with higher genistein doses. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the number of POMC-immunoreactive (POMC-ir) cells in the Arc in the two groups of females treated with genistein was observed. In contrast, no alteration in orexin expression was detected in any of the structures analyzed in either males or females. In conclusion, genistein can modulate estradiol’s programming actions on the hypothalamic feeding circuits differentially in male and female rats during development.

scholarly journals La ingesta de stevia modifica la dinámica del peso corporal, la glucosa y el colesterol en ratas hembras: Algoritmo k-NNs

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
María del Rocío Padilla Galindo ◽  
Alma Gabriela Martínez Moreno ◽  
Fatima Ezzahra Housni ◽  
Zyanya Reyes Castillo ◽  
Erika Saenz-Pardo Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Predictive Analysis ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Glucose Levels

El consumo de stevia ha sido promovido por su bajo aporte calórico, su efecto antidiabético y antihipercolesterolémico. Sin embargo, los efectos de la ingesta de stevia parecen no ser los mismos para las ratas hembras respecto de los machos. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de stevia sobre el consumo de alimento, peso corporal y niveles de glucosa, insulina, colesterol y triglicéridos en ratas hembras Wistar durante 13 semanas y realizar un análisis predictivo del peso corporal y la ingesta de alimento a 20 semanas. Se utilizaron 20 ratas hembras adultas, que se dividieron en 2 grupos: control (CG) y stevia (SG), ambos grupos recibieron agua y comida a libre acceso, así como una solución de stevia al 0,2 % para el grupo SG. Se registró diariamente el consumo de alimento, agua y solución de stevia; la medición del peso corporal se realizó semanalmente. Al final de las 13 semanas de experimentación, los animales se sacrificaron para evaluar los parámetros metabolicos. El grupo SG mostró un mayor consumo de alimento, mayor proporción de ganancia de peso corporal, niveles de glucosa y colesterol que el grupo CG. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de triglicéridos e insulina. Respecto al análisis predictivo (semanas 14-20), se mantiene un incremento significativo en el consumo de alimento y se observa una tendencia de aumento en la proporción de ganancia de peso corporal. Esto indica que el consumo de stevia en ratas hembras parece no tener los mismos efectos benéficos reportados en machos. Consumption of stevia has been promoted due to its low caloric intake, it’s effects as anti-diabetic and anti-hypercholesterolemic. However, the effects of stevia consumption is apparently not the same in females than males. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of stevia intake on meal consumption, body weight and levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides in female Wistar rats during 13 weeks and develop a predictive analysis of the body weight and meal intake over 20 weeks. 20 adult female rats were utilized, these were divided into two groups: control (CG) and stevia (SG), both groups received free access to water and food, the SG also received a stevia solution at 0.2%. Consumption of food, water and stevia solution was recorded daily, while weight was recorded weekly. At the end of the 13 weeks of experiment, the subjects were sacrificed to evaluate the metabolic parameters. The SG group showed a higher consumption of food, higher proportion of body weight gain, glucose levels and cholesterol than the CG. No significant differences were found in levels of triglyceride or insulin. Respect to the predictive analysis (weeks 14-20), a significant increase in food consumption is maintained and an increasing trend is observed in the proportion of body weight gain. This indicates that stevia consumption appears not to have the same benefit effects in female rats than male rats.

scholarly journals Chronic melanocortin 4 receptor blockage causes obesity without influencing sexual behavior in male rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Vergoni ◽  
A Bertolini ◽  
G Guidetti ◽  
V Karefilakis ◽  
M Filaferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor

We investigated the effects of continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of a melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist HS014 (cyclic [AcCys11, D-Nal14, Cys18, Asp-NH2(22)]beta-MSH-(11-22)) over 12 days and a subsequent 12-day recovery period on food intake, body weight and copulatory behavior in male rats. The results show that the food intake increased immediately after the start of the infusion of HS014 (0.16 nmol/h) and progressively increased thereafter. No tachyphylaxis was observed. When the infusion of HS014 was terminated, the food-intake levels dropped. The body weights of the rats had increased by 17% by the end of the study, compared with controls. During the recovery period, the body weight decreased towards the levels of the control rats. These results indicate that overeating and the subsequent increases in body weight caused by blockage of the melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor are reversible when the blockage is ended. We also tested the copulatory behavior of vigorous male rats in the presence of female rats in estrous. We registered mount latency, the number of mounts, the intromission latency, the number of intromissions, the ejaculation latency and the post-ejaculatory interval three times during the study and also after acute administration of HS014 and alpha-MSH. The sexual behavior of the male rats was not affected. These results indicate that the MC receptors, in particular the MC4 receptor, may not be a major mediator of effects on copulatory behavior in male rats.

Intracerebroventricular administration of cobalt protoporphyrin elicits prolonged weight reduction in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. R1395-R1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Galbraith ◽  
A. Kappas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Administration ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Oxygenase Activity ◽  
Cobalt Protoporphyrin ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease

Intracerebroventricular administration of the synthetic heme analogue cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) results in a dose-dependent decrease in body weight in rats. Among several other metalloporphyrins tested, this effect was found to be specific to cobalt chelated in native or minimally modified protoporphyrin rings. Metabolic balance studies showed that the initial effect of intracerebroventricular treatment with CoPP (0.4 mumol/kg body wt) was a transient reduction in food intake. However, following resumption of normal food intake and growth rate, absolute body weights remained reduced for prolonged periods of time (200-300 days) in both male and female rats. Heme oxygenase activity was induced and cytochrome P-450 activities were reduced in both brain and hypothalamus following intracerebroventricular administration of CoPP. The proximate mechanism of action of this synthetic heme analogue is not known at present, but it appears to act in the central nervous system, probably in the vicinity of the hypothalamus, to reduce the body weight set point of treated animals.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists reduce caloric intake by decreasing palatable diet selection in a novel dessert protocol in female rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. R67-R75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Mathes ◽  
Marco Ferrara ◽  
Neil E. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cb1 Receptor Antagonists

Although many feeding protocols induce obesity, few use multiple foods to analyze diet selection within a single group of animals. To this end, we describe a protocol using time-limited access to a dessert that induces hyperphagia and body weight gain while allowing simple analysis of diet selection. Female retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were provided with ad libitum access to standard moist chow (1.67 kcal/g) and daily 8-h nocturnal access to either a sugar gel (SG; 0.31 kcal/g) or sugar fat whip (SFW; 7.35 kcal/g) for 15 days, and food intake and body weight were measured daily. Rats given SFW reduced moist chow intake but not enough to compensate for the large amount of calories consumed from SFW, and thus gained weight. We use this SFW overconsumption protocol to investigate the hypothesis that cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor antagonists reduce caloric intake by selectively decreasing consumption of palatable foods. In two experiments, female retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either Rimonabant (1 mg/kg ip) or vehicle (equal parts polyethylene glycol and saline, 1 ml/kg ip) for 7 days, or one of three doses of AM251 (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg ip), or vehicle for 15 days; food intake and body weight were measured daily. Both Rimonabant and AM251 decreased 24-h caloric intake, but the reduction was specific to a decrease in SFW consumption. This supports the hypothesis that these CB1 receptor antagonists impact feeding by modulating the perception of palatability.

Relationship between water and food ingestion in the rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Cizek ◽  
M. R. Nocenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Relationship Of

Daily observations for 3 months on the ad libitum water-to-food-intake relationship were made on young Sherman male and female rats subsisting on a diet of constant composition, with particular attention being given to the influence on this relationship of handling, weight, and sex. The 1st-week values for water intake in rats not handled prior to experimentation were always higher than subsequent trends and higher than those for previously handled rats. Though water intake increased as body weight increased, this dependence was slight (+.03–.05 ml/g increase in body wt) as contrasted to its dependence upon food intake (+.75 ml/g increase in food ingested). Since the body weight increased faster than the increase in food, the portion of water related to body weight comprised the greater fraction of the total daily water intake. While both absolute intakes continued to increase with time, water intake increased at a greater rate than food ingestion. Thus, the water-to-food ratio gradually increased. These findings obtained for both sexes.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

scholarly journals Influence of xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, topiroxostat, on body weight of diabetic obese mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Mai Nampei ◽  
Takayo Murase ◽  
Etsuko Satoh ◽  
Seigo Akari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Xanthine Oxidoreductase ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitor ◽  
Single Regression ◽  
Muscle Triglyceride

AbstractPlasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity is high in metabolic disorders such as diabetic mellitus, obesity, or overweight. Thus, this study investigated whether the XOR inhibitor, topiroxostat, affected body weight. Male db/db mice were fed standard diets with or without topiroxostat for 4 weeks. Body weight and food intake were constantly monitored, along with monitoring plasma biochemical markers, including insulin and XOR activity. Additionally, hepatic hypoxanthine and XOR activity were also documented. Single regression analysis was performed to determine the mechanism. Topiroxostat treatment suppressed weight gain relative to the vehicle without any impact on food intake. However, the weight of fat pads and hepatic and muscle triglyceride content did not change. Topiroxostat decreased the plasma uric acid and increased hepatic hypoxanthine in response to the inhibition of XOR activity. Plasma ketone body and free fatty acid were also increased. Moreover, fat weight was weakly associated with plasma XOR activity in the diabetic state and was negatively associated with ketone body by topiroxostat. These results suggested that topiroxostat amplified the burning of lipids and the salvage pathway, resulting in predisposing the body toward catabolism. The inhibition of plasma XOR activity may contribute to weight loss.

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