Change in the Ability of the Intestine to Absorb Isosmotic NaCl Solution Following Distilled Water Instillation

1954 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delbert D. Blickenstaff
Keyword(s):  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution

scholarly journals The Influence of Salt Solution on Morphological Changes in a Geosynthetic Clay Liner

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Geosynthetic Clay Liner ◽  
Clay Liner ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Crystal Deposit

Morphological variations of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) samples, hydrated with two different permeates, distilled water and NaCl solution (100 mM concentration), were observed in detail using microscopic analysis. After the GCL samples were hydrated with the NaCl solution, they were observed with an optical microscope. While the surface of the treated GCL samples was similar to the surface of the untreated GCL, a crystal deposit was found on the surface of the treated samples. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a more solid appearance was observed for the bentonite particles contained in the GCL after the sample was hydrated with distilled water in comparison to the GCL sample that was hydrated with the NaCl solution. It appears that salt solution hydration results in less swelling of the bentonite particles. Furthermore, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) results showed that distilled water hydration had no effect on the distribution of the elements contained in the GCL samples. However, bound chlorine was observed, which demonstrated that the bentonite particles had absorbed the NaCl solution. In addition, changes in the hydraulic conductivity of the hydrated GCL samples were also observed.

Oxidation and erosion of single crystal CdTe surface in distilled water and NaCl solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 137426
Author(s):  
G. Korcsmáros ◽  
P. Moravec ◽  
R. Grill ◽  
K. Mašek ◽  
M. Veis
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Cdte Surface

Factors affecting the lytic susceptibility of some marine and terrestrial bacteria

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Laddaga ◽  
Robert A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Absorbing Material

Eighteen gram-negative marine bacteria and two terrestrial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined for their sensitivity to lysis in distilled water after exposure either to a salt solution containing a sea water concentration of Mg2+ (0.05 M) or to 0.5 M NaCl. A spectrum of lytic susceptibility was observed among the marine bacteria ranging from those organisms which lysed in distilled water after exposure to the Mg2+-containing solution, through organisms which could be sensitized to lysis by washing with the NaCl solution, to organisms which failed to lyse in distilled water even after having been washed with a solution of 0.5 M NaCl. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli fell within this spectrum, the former being capable of being induced to lyse in distilled water by washing with 0.5 M NaCl, while the latter failed to lyse in distilled water after this treatment. It was thus concluded that no overall distinction could be made between marine and terrestrial bacteria on the basis of the sensitivity of the two groups of organisms to lysis in freshwater.Quite large decreases in optical density and increases in the release of ultraviolet-absorbing material took place when cells preexposed to the Mg2+-containing solution or to 0.5 M NaCl were subsequently suspended in distilled water even though in some cases no loss of cell numbers could be detected. In most cases two to three times as much K+ as Na+ and 1/10 to 1/100 as much Mg2+ was required to prevent these changes. For three of the marine bacteria and P. aeruginosa grown in a terrestrial type medium little difference in the requirements for Na+ and K+ to prevent the optical density changes was noted. For P. aeruginosa grown in a marine type medium, cells required more K+ than Na+ to prevent these changes.

Effect of Priming Techniques on Seed Germination Characteristics of C. Maxima Duch

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Dong Sun ◽  
Xin Zheng Li ◽  
He Lian Yang ◽  
Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Successful Technique

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming techniques on germination characteristics of C. maxima Duch. cultivar (Beiguan). Treatments were combinations of 3 levels of priming (distilled water, NaCl and PEG6000) and non-priming (control) with 3 replications. Concentrations of NaCl solution were 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol•L-1, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, respectively. Seeds were primed using the above priming materials for 24 hours at 20°C in the dark, respectively. The results showed that different priming techniques could have various effects on germination of Beiguan seeds. Hydropriming (distilled water), NaCl priming and PEG6000 priming (10%) all improved the germination characteristics of Beiguan, compared to the control. NaCl priming was more effective than hydropriming and PEG6000 priming and was the most successful technique in this study. These findings indicated that seed priming techniques could accelerate germination process and were simple and cheap, we should propose these methods to farmers.

Germination of the Salt-Tolerant Grass Diplachne fusca. II. Salinity Responses

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Myers ◽  
WC Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Threshold Temperatures

The responses -of germination of the salt-tolerant grass Diplachne fusca (L.) Beauv. to salinity and various temperature regimes are described. At temperatures of 30/20°C (12 h light and dark periods), final germination was 70% in distilled water, decreased to 50% in 175 mol m-3 NaCl (π = - 0.8 MPa) and 7% in 380 mol m-3 NaCl (π = -1.8 MPa). Increasing salinity from 0-130mol m-3 NaCl decreased the final germination percentage, but did not modify the threshold temperatures (day or night temperature > 27°C) at which germination occurred. Presoaking in distilled water or 1% CaCl2· 2H20 solution did not significantly affect the final germination percentage of seeds which were subsequently placed in solutions with a range of salinities from 0-210 mol m-3 NaCl (*#960 = 0 to - 1.0 MPa). How- ever, addition of CaCl2 to NaCl solution increased the final germination percentage compared with that in pure NaCl solution. Presoaking in concentrated (400 mol m-3) NaCl solution caused a decrease in subsequent germinability of 20 or 40% in 0 and 40 mol m-3 NaCl, respectively. Under field conditions (in soil with mean daily maximum temperature of 33°C and mean daily minimum temperature of 15°C), rates of seedling establishment were similar (16% of seed sown) in soils irrigated with 0 or 50 mol m-3 NaCl, and were 1% in those irrigated with 100 mol m-3 NaCl. The inhibition of germination in NaCl solution was largely an osmotic effect since there was a similar reduction in the final germination percentage in iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl and mannitol. However, the proportion of seeds germinating in NaCl solution was enhanced by adding calcium. The inhibition of germination was greater in sulfate solutions compared with that in chloride solutions and, to a lesser degree, in potassium compared with sodium solutions. The practical implications of our results are discussed. The incorporation of gypsum into the soil and measures to leach salts from the topsoil are recommended before D. fusca is sown on saline land.

Electrodeposition of Salicylideneaniline and its Corrosion Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
Zailelah Zainoldin ◽  
Mohamad Kamal Harun ◽  
Hadariah Bahron ◽  
Karimah Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Mild Steel Surface

Electrodeposition was carried out on mild steel surface in 0.3 M sodium hydroxide solution (70% distilled water: 30% ethanol) containing 0.1 M salicylideneaniline using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Both techniques show the formation of the films on the mild steel surface. The corrosion behavior of electrodeposited mild steel was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique at various immersion times in 0.5 M sodium chloride solution (NaCl). The study indicates that the resistance of mild steel against corrosion increases after being electrodeposited with salicylideneaniline. However the films tend to diminished after 24 hours being immersed in 0.5 M NaCl solution.

Regulation of sodium chloride intake by rats

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
J. M. Harper ◽  
E. P. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Pharyngeal Region ◽  
Sodium Chloride Intake

Regulation of NaCl intake was studied in rats by allowing them choice between distilled water and a NaCl solution to drink during experiments in which food was loaded with NaCl to levels of 6% by weight. The level of dietary NaCl failed to influence spontaneous intake of NaCl solutions but increased water intake in proportion to the concentration of NaCl in food. Increases in the concentration of NaCl solution offered to rats whose food was salt loaded resulted in proportional decreases in volume intake of NaCl solution such that total amount of sodium ingested by way of NaCl solution was maintained at 1.3–1.5 mEq/100 g body wt per day. The results suggest, but do not prove, that NaCl intake is "regulated" by way of NaCl in solution rather than by way of NaCl in food. The mechanism regulating NaCl intake is separate from that regulating water intake and appears to be located somewhere within either the mouth or pharyngeal region or both. Bypass of these regions by intraperitoneal injection of saline failed to alter the pattern of spontaneous NaCl intake of rats.

scholarly journals Rapid detection and identification of dioscorine compounds in Dioscorea hispida tuber plants by LC-ESI-MS

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5999-6011
Author(s):  
Zatil Hazrati Kamaruddin ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
Mohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff ◽  
Ridhwan Jumaidin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Detection And Identification

Studies have revealed that Dioscorea hispida tubers contain a poisonous substance called alkaloid dioscorine. The method for removing alkaloid dioscorine in Dioscorea hispida is explored in this research through a soaking process. The tubers were peeled, washed, sliced, and soaked for 5 days in either 1.0 M sodium chloride (NaCl) or distilled water. The aim of this study was to firstly identify the amount of toxic dioscorine remaining after soaking for 5 days, and then determine the best solution for removing dioscorine compounds in the tubers that were obtained from a tropical area in Peninsular Malaysia. The liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) systems were used to identify the presence of alkaloid dioscorine compounds within Dioscorea hispida tubers. The analysis showed that no dioscorine compounds were present in day 5 for samples soaked in the NaCl solution. However, the relative abundance in the distilled water solution at day 5 was 281000, indicating a 95% decrease of the relative abundance value of the dioscorine compounds. This work aimed to determine the minimum days needed to remove the poisonous element before Dioscorea hispida tubers could be used for food consumption or for any other applications.

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