Electromyography of experimentally immobilized skeletal muscles in cats

The hind limbs of ten cats were bilaterally immobilized by external fixation without altering skeletal muscle innervation. Bilateral immobilization was used to rule out the possible effects of reciprocal activation from a nonimmobilized contralateral limb. Limbs were fixed in a neutral position to minimize the effect of muscle spindle activation. An electromyograph with an integrator circuit was used to measure the maximum action-potential output of anterior tibial muscles of both sides. Recordings were made of the maximum integrating meter response of the muscles to a standardized supramaximal electrical stimulus applied percutaneously to the common peroneal nerve while the animals were uniformly anesthetized. Measurements were made every 4 days for a period of 101 days of immobilization. The control or normal response was represented by measurements made at the beginning of the experiment. A highly significant continuing decrease in electrical output of the skeletal muscles was seen during the course of the immobilization. No statistically significant difference was found between the response of the right and left sides.

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MRI Findings of Causalgia of the Lower Extremity Following Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Tumor

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/598048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

D. Ryan Ormond ◽

Augustine L. Moscatello ◽

Raj Murali

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Pituitary Tumor ◽

Common Peroneal Nerve ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Sudomotor Activity ◽

Pain Symptoms ◽

The Right ◽

Transsphenoidal Resection

Background. Causalgia is continuing pain, allodynia, or hyperalgesia after nerve injury with edema, changes in skin blood flow, or abnormal sudomotor activity. Here we report a case of lower extremity causalgia following elective transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary tumor in a young man.Clinical Presentation. A 33-year-old man with acromegaly underwent elective sublabial transsphenoidal resection of his pituitary tumor. During the three-hour surgery, the lower limbs were kept in a supine, neutral position with a pillow under the knees. The right thigh was slightly internally rotated with a tape to expose fascia lata, which was harvested to repair the sella. Postoperatively, he developed causalgia in a distal sciatic and common peroneal nerve distribution. Pain was refractory to several interventions. Finally, phenoxybenzamine improved his pain significantly.Conclusions. Malpositioning in the operating room resulted in causalgia in this young man. Phenoxybenzamine improved, and ultimately resolved, his symptoms. Improvement in his pain symptoms correlated with resolution of imaging changes in the distal sciatic and peroneal nerves on the side of injury.

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Acute Effects of Dermal Suction on Passive Muscle and Joint Stiffness

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9111483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1483

Author(s):

Shota Enomoto ◽

Tomonari Shibutani ◽

Yu Akihara ◽

Miyuki Nakatani ◽

Kazunori Yamada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Wave ◽

Plantar Flexion ◽

Joint Stiffness ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Passive Joint ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Passive Muscle

The aim of the present study was to examine the acute effects of dermal suction on the passive mechanical properties of specific muscles and joints. Dermal suction was applied to the calves of 24 subjects. Passive plantar flexion torque was measured with the right knee fully extended and the right ankle positioned at 20°, 10°, 0°, and −10° angles, where 0° represents the ankle neutral position, and positive values correspond to the plantar flexion angle. The shear wave velocity (SWV) (m/s) of the medial gastrocnemius was measured in the same position using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The relationship between the joint angle and passive torque at each 10° angle was defined as passive joint stiffness (Nm/°). Passive muscle and joint stiffness were measured immediately before and after the dermal suction protocol. When the ankle joint was positioned at 20° (r = 0.53, P = 0.006), 10° (r = 0.43, P = 0.030), and −10° (r = 0.60, P = 0.001), the SWV was significantly higher after dermal suction than that before dermal suction. Regarding joint stiffness, we found no significant difference between the pre- and post-dermal suction values (partial η2 = 0.093, P > 0.05). These findings suggest that dermal suction increases passive muscle stiffness and has a limited impact on passive joint stiffness.

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Canine hip extension range during gait

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v79i4.269 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.M. Van der Walt ◽

A.V. Stewart ◽

K.E. Joubert ◽

P. Bekker

Keyword(s):

Hind Limbs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Hip Motion ◽

Pelvic Limb ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Tools And Techniques ◽

Hip Extension

Assessment of canine gait is frequently used by veterinary clinicians to establish the presence of orthopaedic pain. As up to 30 % of canine orthopaedic conditions affect the pelvic limb, knowledge of pelvic limb biomechanics during gait is very important. Previous studies have investigated the biomechanics at the tarsus and stifle, but little information is available regarding hip motion during gait. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum hip extension range achieved during the stance phase of gait in normal canines. In addition, this study aimed to determine the difference between maximum passive hip extension and maximum hip extension during gait. Using a sample of 30 morphologically similar normal dogs, mean maximum passive hip extension was measured using a goniometer and mean maximum hip extension range during gait was determined videographically. Inter- and intra-assessor reliability studies performed at the start of the study showed that the measurement tools and techniques used in this study were valid and reliable. The goniometric data showed that mean maximum passive hip extension range was 162.44° (±3.94) with no significant difference between the left and the right hind limbs. The videographic data showed that mean maximum hip extension range during gait was 119.97° (±9.26) with no significant difference between the left and right hind limbs. The results of this study provided reference values for active and passive hip extension range and showed that the degree of hip extension range required for normal gait is significantly less than maximum passive hip extension range.

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Vascular affection in relation to oxidative DNA damage in metabolic syndrome

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/2042018817750823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 43-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rokayaa Abd El Aziz ◽

Mary Wadie Fawzy ◽

Noha Khalil ◽

Sahar Abdel Atty ◽

Zainab Sabra

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Anterior Tibial Artery ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Tibial Artery ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Tibial ◽

The Right

Introduction: Obesity has become an important issue affecting both males and females. Obesity is now regarded as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis-related diseases. Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk for development of cardiovascular disease. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine concentration has been used to express oxidation status. Methods: Twenty-seven obese patients with metabolic syndrome, 25 obese patients without metabolic syndrome and 31 healthy subjects were included in our study. They were subjected to full history and clinical examination; fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hour post prandial blood sugar (2HPP), lipid profile, urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine and carotid duplex, A/B index and tibial diameters were all assessed. Results: There was a statistically significant difference ( p = 0.027) in diameter of the right anterior tibial artery among the studied groups, with decreased diameter of the right anterior tibial artery in obese patients with metabolic syndrome compared to those without metabolic syndrome; the ankle brachial index revealed a lower index in obese patients with metabolic syndrome compared to those without metabolic syndrome. There was a statistically insignificant difference ( p = 0.668) in the 8-oxodG in the studied groups. In obese patients with metabolic syndrome there was a positive correlation between 8-oxodG and total cholesterol and LDL. Conclusion: Urinary 8-oxodG is correlated to total cholesterol and LDL in obese patients with metabolic syndrome; signifying its role in the mechanism of dyslipidemia in those patients. Our study highlights the importance of anterior tibial artery diameter measurement and ankle brachial index as an early marker of atherosclerosis, and how it may be an earlier marker than carotid intima-media thickness.

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Effect of weight bearing on the joint angles of the fore- and hind limb of the dog

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632787 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (04) ◽

pp. 250-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Rochat ◽

M. Payton ◽

C. Watson

Keyword(s):

Hind Limb ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

The Other ◽

Lateral Radiograph ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Contralateral Limb ◽

Hind Limbs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

SummaryIn the dog the correct angles for arthrodesis of limb joints have been published in the veterinary literature. They can also be obtained by measuring the joint angles of the contralateral limb from a standing lateral radiograph. This study was undertaken to determine if increased weight-bearing had a significant effect on joint angles. Standing lateral radiographs of the foreand hind limbs were taken of dogs standing on all four legs and then with their contralateral limb elevated. A significant difference was found between the angles of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints (p ≤ 0.05) when the dog was bearing weight on all four limbs compared to when the contralateral limb was elevated. Significant differences were not found for the other joints that were evaluated (shoulder, elbow, antebrachial carpal, stifle tibiotarsal).

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Suicidal Ideation and Self-Determination in Institutionalized Elderly

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.22.1.15 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andrée Fortin ◽

Sylvie Lapierre ◽

Jacques Baillargeon ◽

Réal Labelle ◽

Micheline Dubé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Determination ◽

Current Debate ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Rational Suicide ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Social Subscale ◽

Civil Status ◽

The Right ◽

Taking Action

The right to self-determination is central to the current debate on rational suicide in old age. The goal of this exploratory study was to assess the presence of self-determination in suicidal institutionalized elderly persons. Eleven elderly persons with serious suicidal ideations were matched according to age, sex, and civil status with 11 nonsuicidal persons. The results indicated that suicidal persons did not differ from nonsuicidal persons in level of self-determination. There was, however, a significant difference between groups on the social subscale. Suicidal elderly persons did not seem to take others into account when making a decision or taking action. The results are discussed from a suicide-prevention perspective.

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DeVega versus ring annuloplasty in severe functional tricuspid insufficiency and their impact on the right ventricle

The Egyptian Cardiothoracic Surgeon ◽

10.35810/ects.v1i4.89 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 133-139

Author(s):

Yasser Hamdy ◽

Mohammed Mahmoud Mostafa ◽

Ahmed Elminshawy

Keyword(s):

Right Ventricular ◽

Tricuspid Valve ◽

Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽

Ring Annuloplasty ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

The Right

Background: Functional tricuspid valve regurgitation secondary to left-sided valve disease is common. DeVega repair is simple, but residual regurgitation with subsequent impairment of the right ventricular function is a concern. This study aims to compare tricuspid valve repair using DeVega vs. ring annuloplasty and their impact on the right ventricle in the early postoperative period and after six months. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 51 patients with rheumatic heart disease who underwent tricuspid valve repair for secondary severe tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were divided into two groups: group A; DeVega repair (n=34) and group B; ring annuloplasty repair (n=17). Patients were assessed clinically and by echocardiography before discharge and after six months for the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricular diameter and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Results: Preoperative echocardiographic assessment showed no difference in left ventricular end-systolic diameter, end-diastolic diameter, ejection fraction and right ventricular diameter, however; group A had significantly better preoperative right ventricular function measured by TAPSE (1.96 ± 0.27 vs1.75 ± 0.31 cm; p=0.02). Group B had significantly longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (127.65 ± 13.56 vs. 111.74 ± 18.74 minutes; p= 0.003) and ischemic time (99.06 ± 11.80 vs. 87.15 ± 16.01 minutes; p= 0.009). Pre-discharge, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, but the right ventricular diameter was significantly lower in group B (2.66 ± 0.41 and 2.40 ± 0.48 cm; p=0.049). After six months of follow up, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (p= 0.029) and the right ventricular diameter were significantly lower in the ring annuloplasty group (2.56 ± 0.39 and 2.29 ± 0.44 cm; p=0.029). Although there was a statistically significant difference in preoperative TAPSE, this difference disappeared after six months. Conclusion: Both DeVega and ring annuloplasty techniques were effective in the early postoperative period, ring annuloplasty was associated with lesser residual regurgitation and better right ventricular remodeling in severe functional tricuspid regurgitation than DeVega procedure after 6-months of follow up.

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Prediction accuracy of standard and total keratometry by swept-source optical biometer for multifocal intraocular lens power calculation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84238-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hun Lee ◽

Jae Lim Chung ◽

Young Jun Kim ◽

Jae Yong Kim ◽

Hungwon Tchah

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Case Series ◽

Intraocular Lenses ◽

Power Calculation ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Swept Source ◽

Refractive Outcomes ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Optical Biometer

AbstractWe aimed to compare the refractive outcomes of cataract surgery with diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) using standard keratometry (K) and total keratometry (TK). In this retrospective observational case series study, a total of 302 patients who underwent cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation were included. Predicted refractive outcomes were calculated based on the current standard formulas and a new formula developed for TK using K and TK, which were obtained from a swept-source optical biometer. At 2-month postoperatively, median absolute prediction errors (MedAEs) and proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 diopters (D) of predicted postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refraction were analyzed. There was no significant difference between MedAEs or proportion of eyes within ± 0.50D of predicted refraction from K and TK in each formula. In TFNT00 and 839MP IOL cases, there was no difference between MedAEs from K and TK using any formula. In 829MP IOL cases, MedAE from TK was significantly larger than that from K in Barrett Universal II/Barrett TK Universal II (P = 0.033). In 677MY IOL cases, MedAE from TK was significantly larger than that from K in Haigis (P = 0.020) and Holladay 2 (P = 0.006) formulas. In the subgroup analysis for IOL, there was no difference between the proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 D of predicted refraction from K and TK using any formula. TFNT00 and 839MP IOLs were favorable with TK, with 677MY IOL with K and 829MP IOL being in a neutral position, which necessitates the study that investigates the accuracy of the new TK technology.

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POS0586 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IS AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WITH A HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 526.1-526

Author(s):

L. Nacef ◽

H. Riahi ◽

Y. Mabrouk ◽

H. Ferjani ◽

K. Maatallah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

External Carotid ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background:Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are traditional risk factors of cardiac events. Carotid ultrasonography is an available way to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.Objectives:This study aimed to compare the intima-media thickness in RA patients based on their personal cardiovascular (CV) history of hypertension (hypertension), diabetes, and dyslipidemia.Methods:The present study is a prospective study conducted on Tunisian RA patients in the rheumatology department of Mohamed Kassab University Hospital (March and December 2020). The characteristics of the patients and those of the disease were collected.The high-resolution B-mode carotid US measured the IMT, according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. The carotid bulb below its bifurcation and the internal and external carotid arteries were evaluated bilaterally with grayscale, spectral, and color Doppler ultrasonography using proprietary software for carotid artery measurements. IMT was measured using the two inner layers of the common carotid artery, and an increased IMT was defined as ≥0.9 mm. A Framingham score was calculated to predict the cardiovascular risk at 10-year.Results:Forty-seven patients were collected, 78.7% of whom were women. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of cases, and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) were positive in 62.2% of cases. RA was erosive in 81.6% of cases. Hypertension (hypertension) was present in 14.9% of patients, diabetes in 12.8% of patients, and dyslipidemia in 12.8% of patients. Nine patients were active smokers. The mean IMT in the left common carotid (LCC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left internal carotid (LIC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left external carotid (LEC) was 0.060 ±0.023. The mean IMT was 0.068 ±0.01 in the right common carotid (RCC), 0.062 ±0.02 in the right internal carotid (RIC), and 0.060 ±0.016 in the right external carotid (REC). The IMT was significantly higher in the left common carotid (LCC) in patients with hypertension (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the other ultrasound sites (LIC, LEC, RCC, RIC, and REC) according to the presence or absence of hypertension. The IMT was also significantly increased in patients with diabetes at LCC (p=0.017) and RIC (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the IMT at different ultrasound sites between patients with and without dyslipidemia.Conclusion:Hypertension was significantly associated with the increase in IMT at the LCC level in RA patients. Diabetes had an impact on IMT in LCC and RIC. However, dyslipidemia did not affect the IMT at the different ultrasound sites.References:[1]S. Gunter and al. Arterial wave reflection and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2018; 36: Clinical E.xperimental.[2]Aslan and al. Assessment of local carotid stiffness in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. SCANDINAVIAN CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL, 2017.[3]Martin I. Wah-Suarez and al, Carotid ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects: A case-control study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;1–7.[4]Gobbic C and al. Marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerosis y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en artritis temprana. Subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in early arthritis marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerose e fatores de risco cardiovascular na artrite precoce.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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The Effect of Reflexology on Lactation in Women Who Had Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000513924 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sevde Aksu ◽

Pelin Palas Karaca

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Pain ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Documentation Tool ◽

And Control

Aim: The research was conducted as a randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effects of reflexology on lactation in mothers who delivered by cesarean section (CS). Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 60 postpartum women in the reflexology application (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). After the CS, the mothers in the control group were given approximately 3-h routine nursing care after recovering from the effects of anesthesia; the introductory information form was applied, and the Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool (LATCH) and visual analog scale (VAS) for the signs of the onset of lactation were implemented on the first and second days. Reflexology was applied to the women in the intervention group after an average of 3 h following the mother’s condition had become stable and she had recovered from the effects of anesthesia. Reflexology was applied a total of 20 min – 10 min for the right foot, 10 min for the left foot – twice a day with 8-h intervals on the first and second days after CS. After the last reflexology application, the LATCH and VAS for the signs of the onset of lactation were applied. Results: Of the women, 70% breastfed their babies within 60 min after delivery; 46.7% of the mothers received breastfeeding training and 81.7% needed support for breastfeeding after the CS. The LATCH breastfeeding scores of the women in the intervention group on both days were significantly higher compared to those of the women in the control group (p < 0.001). On the first day after the CS, apart from breast pain, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of breast heat and breast tension (p > 0.05). On the second day after the CS, apart from breast tension, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of breast heat and breast pain (p < 0.05). In the study, women in the intervention group were found to have higher scores in terms of all three symptoms compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the study, it was determined that LATCH scores and signs of the onset of breastfeeding increased in the mothers who received reflexology after CS.

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