Survival of newborn ground squirrels after supercooling or freezing

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pava Popovic ◽  
Vojin Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Dry Ice

Six of seven 2-day-old ground squirrels survived without any harmful consequences 11 hr supercooling to body temperatures of –3 to –4 C. Longer exposure at the same body temperature was not followed by survival. Of 12 ground squirrels which were kept at stabilized body temperatures of –6 and –8 C for 5 hr, 10 animals survived. Electrical activity of the heart was not detectable when the body temperature of ground squirrels was below –2 C. Immersion of newborn ground squirrels in –35 C alcohol-dry-ice mixture caused their bodies to freeze after 15–20 sec, suddenly turning white and rigid. Ground squirrels survived the freezing which lasted less than 2 min. At the end of 2 min immersion the esophageal temperature of cooled animals was –10 to –15 C.

Electroencephalogram during arousal from hibernation in the birchmouse

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Andersen ◽  
Kjell Johansen ◽  
John Krog
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
The Brain

In the birchmouse, Sicista betulina, electrical activity of the brain was recorded at an oral temperature as low as 2.5°C. At body temperatures below about 10°C the activity consisted of bursts of slow waves separated by silent intervals. On increasing body temperature during the arousal this pattern was gradually replaced by activity of higher frequency until a normal electroencephalogram was recorded at about 30°C. No typical desynchronization of the EEG in response to sensory stimulation was noted until the body temperature reached that same level. The vocalization at low body temperatures induced by faint stimulation therefore seems to be unrelated to EEG desynchronization. The increase of recorded muscle-action potentials during the arousal from hibernation paralleled the increase in oxygen consumption and body temperature described previously (1).

Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Dengan Multi Sensor Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Helmy Yudhistira Putra ◽  
Utomo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Body Heat

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be ODP (People Under Monitoring/Suscpected ) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototype device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition on the body temperature and relative organ weights of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4575
Author(s):  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Evandro De Abreu Fernandes ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Bueno ◽  
Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Heloisa Litz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional plans on the body temperature and organ biometrics in male and female broilers, of two ages. Here, 1,700 birds were used (850 males and 850 females) in a completely randomized design composed of five treatments (- 3%, - 1.5%, reference, + 1.5% and + 3%), with 10 repetitions, totaling 50 experimental units; the reference treatment based on nutritional and energy levels indicated in previous studies was calculated from this. At 35 and 42 d, the temperatures of the wing, head, shin, back, and cloaca in males and females were measured separately, and the average surface and body temperature were calculated. At 42 d, relative weights of the gizzard, liver, heart, and small intestine were calculated. The temperatures of the wings, back, and cloaca, and consequently the average surface temperature and body temperatures, were not affected by nutritional plans. Effects of increasing the nutritional and energy levels were observed on liver weights, the gizzard, and the small intestine. We conclude that the nutritional plans did not affect body temperature. Males had higher body temperatures than females. Body temperature increased with increase in age, and the increase in the nutritional plans increased liver weight and reduced the gizzard weights.</p>

scholarly journals Seasonal migrations, body temperature fluctuations, and infection dynamics in adult amphibians

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4698 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Daversa ◽  
Camino Monsalve-Carcaño ◽  
Luis M. Carrascal ◽  
Jaime Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

Risks of parasitism vary over time, with infection prevalence often fluctuating with seasonal changes in the annual cycle. Identifying the biological mechanisms underlying seasonality in infection can enable better prediction and prevention of future infection peaks. Obtaining longitudinal data on individual infections and traits across seasons throughout the annual cycle is perhaps the most effective means of achieving this aim, yet few studies have obtained such information for wildlife. Here, we tracked spiny common toads (Bufo spinosus) within and across annual cycles to assess seasonal variation in movement, body temperatures and infection from the fungal parasite, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Across annual cycles, toads did not consistently sustain infections but instead gained and lost infections from year to year. Radio-tracking showed that infected toads lose infections during post-breeding migrations, and no toads contracted infection following migration, which may be one explanation for the inter-annual variability in Bd infections. We also found pronounced seasonal variation in toad body temperatures. Body temperatures approached 0 °C during winter hibernation but remained largely within the thermal tolerance range of Bd. These findings provide direct documentation of migratory recovery (i.e., loss of infection during migration) and escape in a wild population. The body temperature reductions that we observed during hibernation warrant further consideration into the role that this period plays in seasonal Bd dynamics.

Relation of body temperature and restraint to altitude tolerance in the rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-788
Author(s):  
R. G. Bartlett ◽  
P. D. Altland
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Altitude Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

A comparison of the altitude tolerance of restrained and nonrestrained adult male (225–300 gm) and adult female (150–225 gm) Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to an altitude of 33,500 ft. at various rates of ascent with various prealtitude exposure treatments was made. Animals restrained immediately before altitude exposure with rapid ascent (2000 ft/min) to altitude die significantly sooner than do nonrestrained control animals. Slow stepwise ascent to altitude (2 ½ –4 hr. to reach terminal altitude) increased the altitude tolerance of both the restrained and nonrestrained animals but much more for the restrained animals. When body temperatures were dropped to 25℃ before altitude exposure there were no deaths (up to 6 hr.) in either the restrained or nonrestrained animals. A lesser body temperature fall provided less protection. It appears that restraint may affect altitude tolerance in the rat by hastening the body temperature fall ordinarily associated with altitude exposure and by increasing the oxygen requirements as a result of the struggling to escape restraint. Since the former increases altitude tolerance and the latter reduces it, restraint may significantly increase or significantly decrease altitude tolerance, depending on the experimental procedure. Submitted on March 4, 1959

Thermal relations of the malle fragon Amphibolurus fordi (Lacertilia : Agamidae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Cogger
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Field Study ◽  
New South ◽  
Close Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Relations

A field study of the thermal relationships of the small agamid lizard A. fordi has been carried out in two areas of mallee in central western New South Wales, where this lizard occurs only in close association with the grass Triodia scariosa. The body temperatures characteristic of various phases in this lizard's die1 cycle have been determined. The behavioural techniques employed to regulate temperature are described; they are similar to those used by a wide range of diurnal heliothermic lizards in other regions. The total effect of these thermoregulatory responses is to maintain an internal thermal environ- ment approaching homoiothermy while the lizard is active. For A. fordi the eccritic body temperature determined from animals in the field is 36.9+-0.16C. Lowering of activity thermal levels occurs in winter, and can be induced at any time by even mild starvation.

The significance of the coat in heat tolerance of cattle. II. Effect of solar radiation on body temperatures

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was performed to test the effect of solar radiation on the body temperatures of cattle, both clipped and with hair coat, in a clear transparent plastic covering as compared with cattle in a white reflective plastic covering. The mean body temperature of the animals in white plastic coats was 0.15°F lower than that of animals in clear plastic coats. This difference was highly significant statistically (P< 0.001). Animals in both clear and white coats had higher body temperatures than controls without plastic coats. The difference was highly significant, and was about 1.5°F in the clipped animals.

scholarly journals Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 171359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teague O'Mara ◽  
Sebastian Rikker ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
Andries Ter Maat ◽  
Henry S. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Molossus Molossus

Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats ( Molossus molossus ) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature . Molossus molossus enter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.

scholarly journals 1220. Disruption of the Body Temperature Circadian Rhythm in Hospitalized Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S631-S631
Author(s):  
Ivayla I Geneva ◽  
Waleed Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Measurement Site ◽  
Core Body

Abstract Background The circadian rhythm is believed to offer survival advantage with dysregulation being linked to immune response deficiencies and metabolic derangements. Diurnal temperature variation exists in humans, yet its preservation during illness is not well understood. Herein we present an analysis of diurnal body temperatures among hospitalized patients, with a focus on infectious versus non-infectious diagnoses. Methods Temperatures measured within 1/2 hour of 8am, 12pm, 4pm, 8pm, 12 am, and 4am from 16,245 hospitalized patients were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests. Results Although we found a diurnal pattern when analyzing the ensemble of temperatures from all patients (Figure 1), stratified by measurement site (oral, axillary, temporal, and tympanic), the through-to-peak difference was only 0.2F (0.1C), while previously reported diurnal difference in healthy volunteers was 1.9 °F (1.06 °C). Data from the core body temperature sites monotherm and rectal did not show any diurnal pattern. The peaks in body temperature occurred at 8 pm for all patients, regardless of age, which is similar to healthy people. However, the minimum body temperature was shifted to later times compared with healthy people (6am or 2 hours before rising in health) – for young patients (age 20-30 years, N=1285) the through was at 8am and for elderly patients (age 70-80 years, N=1736), it was at 12pm (Figure 2). Analysis of body temperature of individual patients showed that less than 20% of patients exhibited diurnal variation and among those showing variation, the trend was present only on the minority of hospitalization days (Table 1). Interestingly, the presence or absence of an infectious process did not influence the proportion of patients showing diurnal variation. Figure 1 Figure 2 Table 1 Conclusion Hospitalization is associated with disruption in the circadian rhythm as reflected by patients’ body temperature, with shifting of the diurnal variation curve and blunting of the temperature range both in the ensemble and on the individual level. The trend is not influenced by having an infection. However, since core body temperatures tend to be the measurement site of choice in the ICU setting, we suspect that further obliteration of the diurnal rhythm occurs with more severe disease. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Characterization of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), a poikilothermic mammal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Oiwa ◽  
Kaori Oka ◽  
Hironobu Yasui ◽  
Kei Higashikawa ◽  
Hidemasa Bono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Naked Mole Rat

AbstractThe naked mole-rat (NMR) is a poikilothermic mammal that forms eusocial colonies consisting of one breeding queen, several breeding kings, and subordinates. Despite their poikilothermic feature, NMRs possess brown adipose tissue (BAT), which in homeothermic mammals induces thermogenesis in cold environments. However, NMR-BAT thermogenic potential is controversial, and its physiological roles are unknown. Here, we show that NMR-BAT has beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3)-dependent thermogenic potential, which contributes to thermogenesis in the isolated queen in non-cold environments. NMR-BAT expressed several brown adipocyte marker genes and showed noradrenaline-dependent thermogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Although our ADRB3 inhibition experiments revealed that NMR-BAT thermogenesis slightly delays the decrease in body temperature in a cold environment, it was insufficient to maintain the body temperatures of the NMRs. In a non-cold environment, NMRs are known to increase their body temperature by a heat-sharing behavior. Interestingly, we found that the body temperatures of NMRs isolated from the colony were also significantly higher than the ambient temperature. We also show that queens, but not subordinates, induce BAT thermogenesis in isolated, non-cold conditions. Our research provides novel insights into the role and mechanism of thermoregulation in this unique poikilothermic mammal.

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