Sexual dimorphism of the intracellular heat shock protein 72 response

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nickerson ◽  
S. L. Kennedy ◽  
J. D. Johnson ◽  
M. Fleshner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

The majority of previous work examining stress responses has been done in males. Recently, it has become clear that the impact of stressor exposure is modulated by sex. One stress response that may be affected by sex is the induction of intracellular heat shock protein (HSP) 72, which is a stress- responsive molecular chaperone that refolds denatured proteins and promotes cellular survival. The following study compared HSP72 in males and females and also examined whether the estrous cycle altered HSP72 induction in females. We hypothesized that females compared with males would have a constrained HSP72 response after an acute stressor and that the stress-induced HSP72 response in females would fluctuate with the estrous cycle. Male and female F344 rats were either left in their home cage or exposed to acute tail-shock stress (8–10/group). Immediately following stressor, trunk blood was collected and tissues were flash frozen. Vaginal smear and estrogen enzyme immunoassay were used to categorize the phase of estrous. Results show that female rats had a greater corticosterone response than males, that both males and females exhibit a stress-induced release of progesterone, and that males and females had equal levels of stress-induced circulating norepinephrine. Sexual dimorphism of the HSP72 (ELISA) response existed in pituitary gland, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver such that female rats had an attenuated HSP72 response compared with males after stress. The adrenal glands, spleen, and heart did not exhibit sexual dimorphism of the HSP72 response. The estrous cycle did not have a significant effect on basal or stress-induced HSP72 in females.

Interaction of age and temperature on heat shock protein expression, sperm count, and sperm viability of the adult black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
A.S. Malawey ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
A.S. McGuane ◽  
E.M. Walsh ◽  
T.W. Rusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Heat Shock Protein Expression ◽  
Temperature Preferences ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

Information regarding black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) adult biology is vital as this is the life stage that produces eggs and thus drives population size. The goal of this study was to determine key biological characteristics of adult black soldier flies as they age in relation to: (1) the thermal preferences (Tsel) of males and females; (2) the impact of temperature on heat shock protein expression in males and females; as well as (3) the sperm count; and (4) the sperm viability in males. Aging significantly impacted male and female temperature preferences. Young males (<24-h-old) preferred warmer temperatures (median=24.3 °C, range=19.3-28.2 °C) compared to females of the same age (median=20.2 °C, range=15.4-26.2 °C). However, in older adults (i.e. 72-h-old males and 48-h-old females), temperature preferences converged between 21 and 24 °C. Temperatures tested did not impact hsp expression in males or females. However, aging males, but not females, had increased expression of the heat shock proteins (hsp) hsp70 and hsp90. Furthermore, age impacted sperm count but not sperm viability in males. In particular, 48-h-old males had the greatest sperm count (322.5/sample) and sperm viability (60-78%) compared to all other aged males. Thermal data in conjunction with sperm data potentially explain why early thermal segregation behaviour between males and females occurs. Once adult males and females reached 72-h-old and 48-h-old, respectively, they exhibited a common thermal preference, which coincided with the greatest number of viable sperm in males. Forcing adults into environments (i.e. cages) outside these selected preferences could result in premature or delayed mating or low fertilisation rates. Future research exploring cage design and conditions are needed to optimise black soldier fly colony maintenance and fertile egg production, and can leverage information such as the results described here.

scholarly journals 17-β-Estradiol Induces Heat Shock Proteins in Brain Arteries and Potentiates Ischemic Heat Shock Protein Induction in Glia and Neurons

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigang Lu ◽  
Rui-qiong Ran ◽  
Joseph Clark ◽  
Melinda Reilly ◽  
Alex Nee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Estradiol reduces brain injury from many diseases, including stroke and trauma. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of this protection, the effects of 17-β-estradiol on heat shock protein (HSP) expression were studied in normal male and female rats and in male gerbils after global ischemia. 17-β-Estradiol was given intraperitoneally (46 or 460 ng/kg, or 4.6 μg/kg) and Western blots performed for HSPs. 17-β-Estradiol increased hemeoxygenase-1, HSP25/27, and HSP70 in the brain of male and female rats. Six hours after the administration of 17-β-estradiol, hemeoxygenase-1 increased 3.9-fold (460 ng/kg) and 5.4-fold (4.6 μg/kg), HSP25/27 increased 2.1-fold (4.6 μg/kg), and Hsp70 increased 2.3-fold (460 ng/kg). Immunocytochemistry showed that hemeoxygenase-1, HSP25/27,and HSP70 induction was localized to cerebral arteries in male rats, possibly in vascular smooth muscle cells. 17-β-Estradiol was injected intraperitoneally 20 minutes before transient occlusion of both carotids in adult gerbils. Six hours after global cerebral ischemia, 17-β-estradiol (460 ng/kg) increased levels of hemeoxygenase-1 protein 2.4-fold compared with ischemia alone, and HSP25/27 levels increased 1.8-fold compared with ischemia alone. Hemeoxygenase-1 was induced in striatal oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons, and HSP25/27 levels increased in striatal astrocytes and hippocampal neurons. Finally, Western blot analysis confirmed that estrogen induced heat shock factor-1, providing a possible mechanism by which estrogen induces HSPs in brain and other tissues. The induction of HSPs may be an important mechanism for estrogen protection against cerebral ischemia and other types of injury.

scholarly journals Protein complex formation with heat shock protein 90 in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (4) ◽  
pp. H1190-H1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice D. Fike ◽  
Sandra L. Pfister ◽  
James C. Slaughter ◽  
Mark R. Kaplowitz ◽  
Yongmei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Protein Complex Formation ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
The Impact

Aberrant interactions between heat shock protein (Hsp)90 and its client proteins could contribute to pulmonary hypertension. We tested the hypotheses that 1) the interaction between Hsp90 and its known client protein, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is impaired in pulmonary resistance arteries (PRAs) from piglets with pulmonary hypertension caused by exposure to 3 or 10 days of hypoxia and 2) Hsp90 interacts with the prostanoid pathway proteins prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and/or thromboxane synthase (TXAS). We also determined whether Hsp90 antagonism with geldanamycin alters the agonist-induced synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane or alters PRA responses to these prostaglandin metabolites. Compared with normoxic piglets, less eNOS coimmunoprecipitated with Hsp90 in PRAs from hypoxic piglets. Despite reduced Hsp90-eNOS interactions, dilation to ACh was enhanced in geldanamycin-treated PRAs from hypoxic, but not normoxic, piglets. In PRAs from all groups of piglets, PGIS and TXAS coimmunoprecipitated with Hsp90. Geldanamycin reduced the ACh-induced synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane and altered responses to the thromboxane mimetic U-46619 in PRAs from all groups. Although geldanamycin enhanced responses to prostacyclin in PRAs from both groups of hypoxic piglets, geldanamycin had no effect on prostacyclin responses in PRAs from either group of normoxic piglets. Our findings indicate that Hsp90 influences both prostanoid and eNOS signaling in the pulmonary circulation of newborn piglets and that the impact of pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 on these signaling pathways is altered during exposure to chronic hypoxia.

scholarly journals Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4a) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. MARCONDES ◽  
F. J. BIANCHI ◽  
A. P. TANNO
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Cellular Types

The short length of the estrous cycle of rats makes them ideal for investigation of changes occurring during the reproductive cycle. The estrous cycle lasts four days and is characterized as: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, which may be determined according to the cell types observed in the vaginal smear. Since the collection of vaginal secretion and the use of stained material generally takes some time, the aim of the present work was to provide researchers with some helpful considerations about the determination of the rat estrous cycle phases in a fast and practical way. Vaginal secretion of thirty female rats was collected every morning during a month and unstained native material was observed using the microscope without the aid of the condenser lens. Using the 10 x objective lens, it was easier to analyze the proportion among the three cellular types, which are present in the vaginal smear. Using the 40 x objective lens, it is easier to recognize each one of these cellular types. The collection of vaginal lavage from the animals, the observation of the material, in the microscope, and the determination of the estrous cycle phase of all the thirty female rats took 15-20 minutes.

scholarly journals Regional Induction of c-Fos and Heat Shock Protein-72 mRNA following Fluid-Percussion Brain Injury in the Rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raghupathi ◽  
Frank A. Welsh ◽  
Daniel H. Lowenstein ◽  
Thomas A. Gennarelli ◽  
Tracy K. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Fluid Percussion ◽  
Lateral Fluid Percussion ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate the cellular response to traumatic brain injury, the expression of mRNA for c- fos and the 72-kDa heat shock protein (hsp72) was determined using in situ hybridization following lateral fluid-percussion injury (2.2–2.4 atm) in rat brain. At 2 h after injury, induction of c- fos mRNA was observed throughout the cortex ipsilateral to the site of injury, while increased expression of hsp72 mRNA was restricted to regions of the cortex surrounding the contusion area. An increase in c- fos mRNA, but not hsp72 mRNA, was observed bilaterally in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus and the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and in the thalamus ipsilateral to the impact site. By 6 h, increased expression of c- fos mRNA was observed only in the corpus callosum on the impact side; hsp72 mRNA persisted in the deep cortical layers and upper layers of the subcortical white matter below the site of maximal injury. By 24 h, both c- fos and hsp72 mRNA had returned to control levels in all regions of the brain. These results demonstrate that lateral fluid– percussion brain injury triggers regionally and temporally specific expression of c- fos and hsp72 mRNA, which may be suggestive of differential neurochemical alterations in neurons and glia following experimental brain injury.

Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, and Excretion of Longer Acting rFVIII (BAX 855) Following Intravenous Administration to Rats

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4358-4358
Author(s):  
Reinhard Stidl ◽  
Juergen Siekmann ◽  
Sean M Culbertson ◽  
Tony Vinson ◽  
Antoni Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Fviii Activity ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Abstract 4358 Baxter and Nektar have developed BAX 855, a PEGylated variant of Baxter’s rFVIII product based on the ADVATE™ manufacturing process using Nektar’s polymer technology. The absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion (ADME) of radiolabeled PEG-rFVIII was investigated after single dose i.v. injection to male and female rats. Radiolabeled BAX 855 was synthesized by conjugation of rFVIII with tritiated [3H] PEG polymer, where several hydrogens [1H] were replaced by tritium atoms [3H] on the PEG backbone. The animals designated for the collection of excreta and animals designated for the collection of blood received a single intravenous 1 mg/kg dose of [3H] PEG-rFVIII at a dose volume of 0.68 mL/kg. The animals designated for whole body autoradiography (WBA) were administered a single intravenous 2 mg/kg dose at 1.36 mL/kg. The radioactivity dose for 1 mg/kg was 122 μ Ci/kg and 2 mg/kg for 251 μ Ci/kg. With a specific activity of 2088 IU/mg, these single doses correspond to an FVIII activity dose of 2088 and 4176 IU/kg, respectively. Urine and feces were collected for 1008 hours post-dose and selected tissues were collected for metabolite profiling. Blood was collected at specified times during 1008 hours post-dose. Blood, plasma, urine, and feces were analyzed for total radioactivity. Rats designated for WBA were killed at specified times during 168 hours post-dose and rats designated for tissue excision were killed at specified times during 1008 hours post-dose. In addition, selected plasma, urine, feces, kidney, liver and lung samples were profiled for the parent compound and its metabolites. Radioactivity was eliminated from blood and plasma with half-lives (t1/2) of 827 and 655 hours, respectively, in males, and 306 and 276 hours, respectively, in females. The distribution of drug-derived radioactivity was extensive in both males and females, with radioactivity quantifiable in blood and plasma and all matrices analyzed. The maximum concentrations (Cmax) of radioactivity for tissues were observed at the 1-, 8-, 24-, and 168-hour collections. The highest maximum concentrations of radioactivity were observed in the plasma, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, and kidneys in both males and females. Radioactivity in the spleen analyzed by WBA presented a mottled appearance with most of the radioactivity in the red pulp. Elimination of radioactivity occurred primarily via urine. At 1008 hours post-dose, urine, feces, and daily cage rinse corresponded to 51.9, 38.4 and 4.01% of the dose administered to males, and 55.7, 45.0 and 3.53% of the dose administered to females. The mean overall recoveries in males and females were 97.4 and 107%, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study show that radio-labeled PEG-rFVIII was distributed to tissues analyzed without binding to the cellular blood components and radioactivity was excreted quantitatively within 6 weeks via urine and feces. Disclosures: Stidl: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Siekmann:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Culbertson:Nektar Therapeutics: Employment. Vinson:Nektar Therapeutics: Employment. Kozlowski:Nektar Therapeutics: Employment. Shen:Nektar Therapeutics: Employment. Bossard:Nektar Therapeutics: Employment. Rottensteiner:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Dietrich:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Cook:Baxter Technology Resources, Roun Lake, IL: Employment. Turecek:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schwarz:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Muchitsch:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.

scholarly journals Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal Female Rats: Variations during the Estrous Cycle and Comparison with Males

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Nehlig ◽  
Linda J. Porrino ◽  
Alison M. Crane ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study the fluctuations of energy metabolism in discrete brain regions of female rats during the estrous cycle. A consistent though statistically nonsignificant cyclic variation in average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was observed. Highest levels of glucose utilization occurred during proestrus and metestrus, whereas lower rates were found during estrus and diestrus. Statistically significant fluctuations were found specifically in the hypothalamus and in some limbic structures. Rates of glucose utilization in the female rat brain were compared with rates in normal male rats. Statistically significant differences between males and females at any stage of the estrous cycle were confined mainly to hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior. Glucose utilization in males and females was not significantly different in most other cerebral structures.

Comparison of long-term feeding pattern between male and female Fischer 344 rats: influence of estrous cycle

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. R413-R419 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Laviano ◽  
M. M. Meguid ◽  
J. R. Gleason ◽  
Z. J. Yang ◽  
T. Renvyle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Males And Females

We studied the effect of gender on food intake, meal number, and meal size in eight 10-wk-old female and seven age-matched male Fischer 344 rats for 44 consecutive days. Although food intake (g/100 g body wt) was similar in males and females (5.42 +/- 0.10 vs. 5.13 +/- 0.13 g food.day-1.100 g body wt-1, respectively; not significant), weight gain in males was approximately seven times greater than in female rats (1.49 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.03 g/day, respectively; P < 0.001). During this time, males had a relatively constant food intake. They increased their meal size but decreased their meal number. In female rats, food intake was relatively stable for the duration of the study, despite cyclically and reciprocally recurring changes in meal number and meal size, which are synchronized with the estrous cycle. Data confirm that net food intake is a dynamic process and suggest that, in the rat, the homeostasis of food intake in response to external as well as internal stimuli is maintained via the modulation of meal number and size.

scholarly journals Disruption of Ovarian Utilisation of Proteins by Tetrapleuratetraptera Fruit Extract Impairs Estrous Cycle and Ovarian Functions in Female Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ologhaguo Macstephen Adienbo ◽  
Ogechi Stephanie Ezeala
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

Aim: Reports that some phytochemicals interfere with reproductive functions, in both humans and animals necessitated this study which is aimed at determining the effects of fruit extract of Tetrapleuratetrapteraon oestrous cycle and ovarian functions in females. Methods: Adult female wistar rats weighing 160-180 g with regular 4-5 days oestrus cycle were selected into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 (control) administered 1ml distilled water; groups II, III and IV were daily treated with the extract at doses 75 mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight respectively, orally for 21 days. Microscopic evaluation of vaginal smear was done daily to determine the various stages of the estrous cycle, their duration, as well as the estrous cycle length. After 24 hours of last administration, each rat was weighed, sacrificed, and right ovary was homogenised and the homogenate used for analyses of total protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, according to standard protocols. Results: There was significant (P < 0.05) increase in duration of diestrus phase and estrous cycle length in all the extract-treated groups, compared to control animals. Also, there was relative reductions in the duration for proestrus (p<0.05), estrus (p<0.05) and metestrus (p<0) phases of the cycle, with a relative increase in duration for diestrus phase (p<0.05) in animals treated with 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight respectively. In addition, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in ovarian Protein, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity; as well as significant (P < 0.05) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and in weight gain in the test animals, compared to the control. Conclusion:Tetrapleuratetrapterafruit extract disrupts ovarian utilisation of proteins in the ovaries, thereby impairing oestrous cyclicity, and body weight. These could result to infertility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document