Fibrillin microfibrils: multipurpose extracellular networks in organismal physiology

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ramirez ◽  
Lynn Y. Sakai ◽  
Harry C. Dietz ◽  
Daniel B. Rifkin
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

Organismal physiology depends significantly on the proper assembly of extracellular matrix (ECM) macroaggregates that impart structural integrity to the connective tissue. Recent genetic studies in mice have unraveled unsuspected new functions of architectural matrix components in regulating signaling events that modulate patterning, morphogenesis, and growth of several organ systems. As a result, a new paradigm has emerged whereby tissue-specific organization of the ECM dictates not only the physical properties of the connective tissue, but also the ability of the matrix to direct a broad spectrum of cellular activities through the regulation of growth factor signaling. These observations pave the way to novel therapeutic approaches aimed at counteracting the deleterious consequences of perturbations of connective tissue homeostasis.

scholarly journals A Novel Composite with Structural Health Monitoring Functionality via 2D and 3D Impedance Mapping Topography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Georgios Foteinidis ◽  
Alkiviadis S. Paipetis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Junction Points ◽  
Sinusoidal Electric Field ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We report the transformation of a conventional composite material into a multifunctional structure able to provide information about its structural integrity. A purposely positioned grid of carbon fabric strips located within a glass fibre laminate in alternating 0/90 configuration combined with a ternary nanomodified epoxy matrix imparted structural health monitoring (SHM) topographic capabilities to the composite using the impedance spectroscopy (IS) technique. The matrix was reinforced with homogenously dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB). A sinusoidal electric field was applied locally over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz between the junction points of the grid of carbon fabric strips. The proposed design enabled topographic damage assessment after a high-velocity impact via the local monitoring of the impedance. The data obtained from the IS measurements were depicted by magnitude and phase delay Bode plots and Nyquist plots. The impedance values were used to create a 2D and a multi-layer (3D) contour topographical image of the damaged area, which revealed crucial information about the structural integrity of the composite.

scholarly journals The Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Cutaneous Wound Healing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Olczyk ◽  
Łukasz Mencner ◽  
Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Matrix Components

Wound healing is the physiologic response to tissue trauma proceeding as a complex pathway of biochemical reactions and cellular events, secreted growth factors, and cytokines. Extracellular matrix constituents are essential components of the wound repair phenomenon. Firstly, they create a provisional matrix, providing a structural integrity of matrix during each stage of healing process. Secondly, matrix molecules regulate cellular functions, mediate the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and serve as a reservoir and modulator of cytokines and growth factors’ action. Currently known mechanisms, by which extracellular matrix components modulate each stage of the process of soft tissue remodeling after injury, have been discussed.

Detection of Compositional Fluctuations in High Temperature Exposed Waspaloy

2001 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Zou ◽  
Tariq Makram ◽  
Rosario A. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gamma Prime ◽  
Distribution Shape ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Quantitative Stereology ◽  
Nickel Base

AbstractWaspaloy is a nickel base super-alloy used in aircraft engines. When this alloy is placed in service, it is subjected to long term exposure at high temperatures, which can cause the reinforcing gamma prime precipitate population to fluctuate and thus affect its structural integrity. The population fluctuates as a result of coarsening, dissolution or re-precipitation. Samples exposed to 1200° F for times ranging from 0 to 12626 hours were characterized using impedance spectroscopy, microhardness measurements, x-ray diffraction and quantitative stereology. Two important parameters were derived from the impedance measurements: (1) the imaginary admittance peak magnitude (Ymax) and (2) the associated relaxation frequency (fmax). As the distribution, shape and size of the precipitates change with exposure time, these parameters were also found to vary. In addition to the changes in precipitate geometry, lattice constant changes detected by analyzing x-ray diffraction data suggest that there are compositional shifts in the matrix as well as the gamma prime precipitates. Furthermore, the preferred orientation of the precipitates can also be seen to change with exposure time. These changes in composition, size and shape as a function of thermal exposure time are accompanied by changes in the volume fractions of primary and secondary gamma prime particles present. Using effective medium models, it is possible to predict that the measured properties are related to the gamma prime population. The grain boundary carbides do not appear to play any role at the conditions presented.

Histologic Study of Homograft Cartilages Implanted in the Middle Ear

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Michitaka Iwanaga ◽  
Manabu Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Histologic Study ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Histologic Changes

We examined conditions of the micro-sliced homograft cartilages implanted in the middle ear, implanted cartilages removed at revision surgery or implanted cartilages removed at the second stage of staged tympanoplasty, both macroscopically and histologically. Macroscopically, the appearance and shape of the cartilages remained unchanged, with no evidence of erosion. There was no evidence of any foreign body reaction or rejection phenomenon. In general, no marked histologic changes of the matrix tissues were found, although chondrocytes showed degenerative changes. There was partial absorption of cartilage and replacement by fibrous connective tissue when inflammatory changes occurred in the middle ear. It is concluded that implanted homograft cartilage maintains its stiffness for more than 6 months in a healthy, aerated middle ear and appears to be clinically useful for tympanoplasty.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Marfan Syndrome with Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Hemanth Kumar Kalla ◽  
Swarna Kumari ◽  
CH Rama rao ◽  
MKR Parthasarathy ◽  
S Surya prakash Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorder ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Loin Pain ◽  
Routine Physical Examination

Marfan syndrome(MFS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects multiple organ systems. Cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal abnormalities are cardinal features of the syndrome. Its incidence is among the highest of any heritable disorder.Most patients who have Marfan syndrome are usually diagnosed incidentally when they present for a routine physical examination for various reasons. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature, as well as describe a 22-year-old male with MFS and right hydroureteronephrosis diagnosed incidentally when he attended our hospital for complaints of fever and right loin pain. This case report emphasizes importance of “Revised Ghent criteria” for the diagnosis of MFS and highlights various clinical signs of MFS<strong>.</strong>

The inflammatory macrophage: a story of Jekyll and Hyde

2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. DUFFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Selective Depletion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extracellular Structures ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophage

Recent investigations have highlighted new roles for the macrophage (Mϕ) in the biology of inflammation. Selective depletion of Mϕs from inflamed sites has confirmed their predominant role in immune-mediated damage. The components of this injury have been dissected. Mϕs mediate death of stromal, parenchymal and other immune cells by engaging the death programme, resulting in apoptosis. In addition, Mϕs induce destruction of matrix and extracellular structures both directly and indirectly by inducing stromal cells to release matrix metalloproteinases. However, there is another side to the inflammatory Mϕ. Evidence is provided that Mϕs at the same sites possess the ability to aid cell proliferation, secrete and stabilize new matrix components and induce resident cells to secrete matrix components themselves. Mϕ phagocytosis of apoptotic cells brings about a change from the cell-killing matrix-degrading cell to the matrix-generating cell-proliferating tissue-healing cell. Just as both Mϕ types are necessary at the inflamed site, the right balance of these two populations is required for healing and resolution. Evidence of excessive inflammation as a manifestation of impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cells emphasizes that defects in the transition from one Mϕ type to another may account for the uncontrolled excessive inflammation seen in disease. Recent insights into the mechanisms by which apoptotic cells signal the change of function to the Mϕ offer the prospect of novel targets for manipulation of Mϕs in the inflamed tissue.

scholarly journals A procedure for light and electron microscopic intracellular immunolocalization of collagen and fibronectin in rat liver.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Clement ◽  
M Rissel ◽  
S Peyrol ◽  
Y Mazurier ◽  
J A Grimaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Collagen Types ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase

Experimental conditions have been designed that permit both extracellular and intracellular immunolocalization of various collagen types and fibronectin in rat liver. The procedure involves paraformaldehyde fixation by perfusion of the organ, use of saponin as a membrane permeabilizing agent, and visualization of the matrix components by indirect immunoperoxidase. Intracellular demonstration of collagens was particularly sensitive to the composition of the fixative and the duration of fixation. Hepatocytes contained fibronectin and types I and IV collagen, whereas fat-storing and endothelial cells evidenced type III collagen in addition. All the components were specifically located in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or the Golgi apparatus.

A Case Report of Marfan Syndrome with Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Hemanth Kumar Kalla ◽  
Swarna Kumari ◽  
CH Rama rao ◽  
MKR Parthasarathy ◽  
S Surya prakash Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorder ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Loin Pain ◽  
Routine Physical Examination

Marfan syndrome(MFS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects multiple organ systems. Cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal abnormalities are cardinal features of the syndrome. Its incidence is among the highest of any heritable disorder.Most patients who have Marfan syndrome are usually diagnosed incidentally when they present for a routine physical examination for various reasons. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature, as well as describe a 22-year-old male with MFS and right hydroureteronephrosis diagnosed incidentally when he attended our hospital for complaints of fever and right loin pain. This case report emphasizes importance of “Revised Ghent criteria” for the diagnosis of MFS and highlights various clinical signs of MFS<strong>.</strong>

Rheumatological manifestations of endocrine disorders

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
Gerry Rayman
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Rheumatological Manifestations

There is considerable overlap of musculoskeletal manifestations of both rheumatological and endocrine disorders. Apart for the well-described autoimmune basis governing the aetiopathogenesis of clinical states pertaining to specific conditions affecting both systems, there is more recent evidence on the overlapping biology and genetics of these organ systems. Not uncommonly, endocrine manifestations can herald the initial presentation of rheumatological illnesses and the converse holds true for endocrinopathies. Rheumatologists and physicians alike need to be astutely aware of this overlap of symptomatology and also the physiology linking both groups of clinical conditions. This review discusses the common endocrine presentations associated with rheumatic illnesses in relation to newer information gleaned from population studies, genetic studies, and clinical presentations. A comprehensive list of rheumatological conditions found in endocrine states is also tabulated at the end.

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