scholarly journals A Semi-Stochastic Propagation Model for the Study of Beam Tilting in Cellular Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos B. Baltzis
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Beam Tilting ◽  
Tilting Angle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact

Base station antenna downtilt mitigates interference and improves the downlink performance of wireless systems. A semi-stochastic propagation model is presented and applied to the study of the impact of the base station beam tilting in cellular communications. The two-ray approximation of the proposed model is described analytically. Beam tilting is evaluated in relation to the base station antenna radiation pattern, the antennas height, the propagation environment, the bit error rate, and the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver front end. Analytically derived expressions for the fading envelopes, the error probability, the optimum tilting angle, and the downlink capacity of a WCDMA system are derived. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are provided to show the characteristics of the model. Comparisons with data in the literature confirm its validity. Furthermore, the effect of beam tilting on system downlink performance in terms of bit error rate and capacity is investigated.

ANALISIS SENSITIVITAS VIDEO MPEG-4 BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR FRAME PADA TRANSMISI DVB-T

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Sandy Suryo Prayogo ◽  
Tubagus Maulana Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity Index ◽  
Noise Ratio

DVB merupakan standar transmisi televisi digital yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Unsur terpenting dari suatu proses transmisi adalah kualitas gambar dari video yang diterima setelah melalui proses transimisi tersebut. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dari suatu gambar, salah satunya adalah struktur frame dari video. Pada tulisan ini dilakukan pengujian sensitifitas video MPEG-4 berdasarkan struktur frame pada transmisi DVB-T. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan simulasi matlab dan simulink. Digunakan juga ffmpeg untuk menyediakan format dan pengaturan video akan disimulasikan. Variabel yang diubah dari video adalah bitrate dan juga group-of-pictures (GOP), sedangkan variabel yang diubah dari transmisi DVB-T adalah signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) pada kanal AWGN di antara pengirim (Tx) dan penerima (Rx). Hasil yang diperoleh dari percobaan berupa kualitas rata-rata gambar pada video yang diukur menggunakan metode pengukuran structural-similarity-index (SSIM). Dilakukan juga pengukuran terhadap jumlah bit-error-rate BER pada bitstream DVB-T. Percobaan yang dilakukan dapat menunjukkan seberapa besar sensitifitas bitrate dan GOP dari video pada transmisi DVB-T dengan kesimpulan semakin besar bitrate maka akan semakin buruk nilai kualitas gambarnya, dan semakin kecil nilai GOP maka akan semakin baik nilai kualitasnya. Penilitian diharapkan dapat dikembangkan menggunakan deep learning untuk memperoleh frame struktur yang tepat di kondisi-kondisi tertentu dalam proses transmisi televisi digital.

Physical AWGN Channel Emulator for Bit Error Rate Test of Digital Baseband Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 2491-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Boscolo ◽  
Francesca Vatta ◽  
Francesco Armani ◽  
Emanuele Viviani ◽  
Daniele Salvalaggio
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Channel Emulator ◽  
Physical Channel ◽  
Rate Test ◽  
Data Signal ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents a physical channel emulator solution for applications such as Bit Error Rate Testing of Error Correcting Codes. The solution relies on an analog White Gaussian Noise Generator coupled additively with an analog data signal to emulate the communication channel. This is interfaced to a computer through a USB connection, allowing the use of programs in different environments, such as Matlab and Labview. This solution can allow different types of channels to be emulated and with different noise sources. A software-based method to measure Signal to Noise Ratio and to characterize the channel is also presented. The system has been validated using a Matlab interface implementing multiple error correcting codes and showed good agreement with the theoretical model.

scholarly journals A Full-Duplex LED-to-LED Visible Light Communication System

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Jung ◽  
Sung-Man Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Half Duplex

We experimentally demonstrated full-duplex light-emitting diode (LED)-to-LED visible light communication (VLC) using LEDs as the transmitter and receiver. Firstly, we investigated the performance dependency on the wavelengths of the LED transmitter and receiver by measuring the rise time and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Through the investigation, we were able to choose the optimal LED color set for LED-to-LED VLC using Shannon’s channel capacity law. The bit error rate (BER) results of full-duplex and half-duplex LED-to-LED VLC systems with the optimal LED sets are shown to compare the performance. Furthermore, we discuss major distortions and signal losses in the full-duplex LED-to-LED VLC system.

Design and Simulation of OFDM System Based on Matlab

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 1081-1085
Author(s):  
Xin Xin Sha ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Yuan Xue Song
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Average Power ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Basic System ◽  
Ofdm System ◽  
Signal To Noise

OFDM is a key modulation and multiplexing technique. The basic system structure of OFDM is introduced firstly. This paper chose appropriate implementation schemes for channel coding, PAPR(Peak To Average Power Ratio) reducing and synchronization of the OFDM system based on the minimum BER(Bit Error Rate). Finally, the paper realized the simulation and got the BER in different SNR(Signal To Noise Ratio) in the matlab environment .

Performance Analysis of Hybrid Fusion in Cognitive Radio Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Man Man Guo ◽  
Yun Xue Liu ◽  
Wen Qiang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hybrid Fusion

Spectrum sensing is a crucial issue in cognitive radio networks for primary user detection. Cooperative sensing based on energy detection in the cognitive radio network with multiple antennas base-station is considered in this letter. To improve the sensing performance, we investigate hybrid fusion of the observed energies from the base-station and decisions (1bit, hard information) from different cognitive radio (CR) users around the base-station. Further, we present an optimized scheme where the global detection probability can be maximized according to the Neyman-Pearson criterion. Finally the impact of the change of parameters (Signal to Noise Ratio and number of CR users) in the optimized scheme is analyzed. Numerical simulations and extensive analysis confirm that hybrid fusion base on the optimized scheme is a good choice, also, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and number of CR users does not have influence on the optimized scheme

scholarly journals Evaluasi Modulasi MFSK untuk Transmisi Data Melalui Kanal Suara GSM

Jurnal INKOM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rika Sustika ◽  
Oka Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Global System ◽  
Shift Keying

Pada tulisan ini, dievaluasi performansi skema modulasi MFSK (M-ary Frequency Shift Keying) untuk aplikasi pengiriman data melalui kanal suara GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). Parameter yang dievaluasi berupa kesalahan bit trasmisi yang dinyatakan dengan laju kesalahan bit atau bit error rate (BER). Evaluasi ini dilakukan untuk menentukan besarnya orde M yang akan dipilih pada aplikasi pengiriman data digital melalui kanal suara GSM. Pada proses simulasi, data digital dikodekan menjadi simbol-simbol lalu dimodulasi menggunakan modulator MFSK menjadi data menyerupai pembicaraan (suara). Suara yang dihasilkan dikodekan dengan algoritma CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction), kemudian dikirimkan melalui udara yang dimodelkan sebagai kanal AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise). Di sisi penerima, sinyal terima yang menyerupai suara ini didemodulasi dan dikonversi kembali menjadi data digital. Dari simulasi menggunakan Eb/No (signal to noise ratio) sebesar 6 dB, diperoleh laju bit 2,5 kbps dengan BER 2,01 x 10-3 untuk M=4, 2,22 x 10-3 untuk M=8, dan 1,87 x 10-3 untuk M=16.

scholarly journals On the Performance Balancing for Uplink NOMA Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Nam-Soo Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Outage Probability ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Ergodic Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Outage Probabilities ◽  
Error Floors

Outage probability and capacity are the representative performance measures for the quality of service (QoS) in mobile cellular systems. Recently, power back-off scheme is proposed in uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. The power back-off scheme improves the performance of a near user, however, decreases that of a far user. In comparison, the scheme indicates the error floors with an outage probability of 2.4×〖10〗^(-1) and 9.1×〖10〗^(-2) with power back-off 5 dB and 10 dB, respectively under the specified condition. To address these drawbacks, we propose an equal average signal-to–interference plus noise ratio (SINR) scheme that derives the same average SINR from active users at the base station (BS) in uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. Numerical results show that required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the outage probability of 1×〖10〗^(-3) of the near and far users are close enough within 1 dB, which means an outage balance between two users. And it is noticed that the outage probabilities in the proposed scheme decrease as the increase of the received SNR without error floors. Also, different from the power back-off scheme, we noticed that the capacities of the two users in the proposed scheme are coincident and increase with SNR. The outage probabilities and ergodic capacity of the near and far users are derived in closed-form expressions. The analytical results are conformed by Monte Carlo simulation.

scholarly journals BIT ERROR RATE ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT TERRAINS FOR LTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Dilshad Mahjabeen ◽  
Moshiur Rahman Tarafder ◽  
T Saikat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Receiving Antenna ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Clear Idea

Focus of this paper is mainly evaluating the performance of Long Term Evolution (LTE) system in different terrains such as urban, suburban and rural area. The performance parameters such as, Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Data Throughput are reported in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The system parameters taken into consideration are signal to noise ratio (SNR), number of receiving antenna (RxAn), reference channel and duplex mode. All of the simulations were performed in MATLAB, version 2014a simulink. The results are presented in table and graph which gives clear idea of the effect of environment on signal and receiver sensitivity. Also bit-error-rate, an important parameter in case of receiving signal, is analyzed with respect to SNR values. A comparative analysis of bit-error-rate is performed between three areas for same conditions which proves that LTE signal is well suited in a rural area than that of a suburban and urban area.

scholarly journals METHODS OF MODELING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS TOPOLOGY CONSIDERING INTERNODAL INTERFERENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vasilevich Fedorenko ◽  
Vladimir Valerevich Samoylenko ◽  
Daria Vladimirovna Alduschenko ◽  
Igor Vladimirovich Emelyanenko
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Frequency Separation ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Reliability Indicator ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the analysis of developing methods of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) topologies based on a graph structure. It indicates the prevalence of tolerance criteria for de-scribing the links between nodes, for example, the limiting distance of radio communication, a sufficient ratio of signal/energy (interference + noise). To consider the impact of inter-node interference on the network topology it is proposed to use the permissible values of bit error probabilities or erasing an information packet in case of distortion of at least one its elements as a criterion for stable communication. The algorithm for calculating an analytical model of internode communication channel is presented to evaluate the effect of intra-network additive and multiplicative noise on the reliability indicator of incoherent message reception in the form of a bit error rate. Expression for the coefficient of structural interaction of the received signal and the interference complex is obtained, which allows considering the dependence of bit error rate on the energy components of individual interference at the receiver input, frequency separation value of a signal and values of each disturbance, their phase shifts and the duration of the information bit. There has been considered practical application of the WSNs topology modeling technique for the internode communication channels with Rice fading of a useful signal and Rayleigh fading of an intra-network interference complex (a case study of using CC2500 modems as part of WSNs nodes). As a result of analysis, there have been determined the relations between nodes, for which the bit error rates do not exceed the allowable value established by requirements for channel capacity and the length of information packets. The presented modeling approach proves the possibility of improving the network topology due to developing the internode links by redistributing the frequency resource between the nodes or adjusting the operation modes of the modems.

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