scholarly journals Influenza Vaccination in the Face of Immune Exhaustion: Is Herd Immunity Effective for Protecting the Elderly?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Olivier Lang ◽  
Dimitrios Samaras ◽  
Nikolaos Samaras ◽  
Sheila Govind ◽  
Richard Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World

At the start of the 21st century, seasonal influenza virus infection is still a major public health concern across the world. The recent body of evidence confirms that trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIVs) are not optimal within the population who account for approximately 90% of all influenza-related death: elderly and chronically ill individuals regardless of age. With the ever increasing aging of the world population and the recent fears of any pandemic influenza rife, great efforts and resources have been dedicated to developing more immunogenic vaccines and strategies for enhancing protection in these higher-risk groups. This paper describes the mechanisms that shape immune response at the extreme ages of life and how they have been taken into account to design more effective immunization strategies for these vulnerable populations. Furthermore, consideration will be given to how herd immunity may provide an effective strategy in preventing the burden of seasonal influenza infection within the aged population.

Inclusive Design: An Approach to Adapt Homes for the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1603
Author(s):  
Hossein Fallah ◽  
Jalil Nazari ◽  
Alireza Choobineh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽  
Mohamad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
World Population ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Homes For The Elderly ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Current Design

The aging trend of the world population has increased the number of elderly people. Older people prefer to spend most of their time at home. The problem is that today's homes are often unsuitable for the elderly and the disabled. Thus, problems of the current design approaches, which are based on percentiles as well as the tendency to involve the elderly and disabled people in society, have put the concept of inclusive design into consideration. Application of new design approaches, such as inclusive design allows designers to design products and services to meet the needs of a larger group of users regardless of their age and ability. Given the rapid aging of the world population, more research is needed to design specific products and environments for elderly people. Keywords: Home design, Aging, Ergonomics, Adaptation

scholarly journals Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in the Elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Morillo
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Older Age ◽  
World Population ◽  
Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽  
The World

The incidence of epilepsy has bimodal distribution peaking at the extremes of life. Incidence is greater in younger and older age groups (Hauser et al., 1993, Sidenvall et al., 1993, Forsgren et al., 1996, and Olafsson et al., 2005). As the world population ages more elders with epilepsy will be identified. In the high-income countries with longer life expectancy, the number of elders with epilepsy will be even higher. CPSs account for 40% of all seizure types in the elderly (Hauser et al., 1992); however, the proportion with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is uncertain.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Elderly: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Nadri ◽  
Ujala Zubair
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In 2019, the world experienced a global public health concern when the novel coronavirus originated from China and affected around fifty-seven thousand people around the world by March 2020. The quick rise in the number of cases and the death toll overwhelmed the scientific and medical community. While all the focus was driven towards finding the epidemiology, the treatment and the management, the mental health aspect of the quarantine was being overlooked. The purpose of this review is to create awareness about the long-term consequences of quarantine, with the focus on the elderly community in Pakistan. 

scholarly journals A CRITICAL APPRAISAL ON AGEING PROCESS IN AYURVEDA

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Binod Kumar Singh ◽  
Udai Raj Saroj
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
World Population ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Premature Ageing ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The World

Ayurveda being essentially the science of life and longevity narrates all aspects of life and puts special emphasis on Jara (ageing). The world population of the elderly is increasing and by the year 2030, older persons are projected to account for one in six people globally. Ageing is a process of unfavorable progressive changes associated with decline in vigor and ending in death. It is an irreversible and inevitable process and has multidimensional aspects. Everyone must undergo this phase of life at his/her own life. In Ayurveda, Jara (ageing) is clearly defined as that which has lost age means become old by the act of degeneration of bodily tissues and organs. It is described of two types- Kalaja jara and Akalaja jara. The Kalaja jara (timely ageing) can be regarded as chronological ageing where Dhatukshaya occurs whereas the Akalajajara (premature ageing) which occurs untimely i.e., before its prescribed time it can be regarded as biological ageing and is more intense than that of the chronological ageing. Several concepts are reported in Ayurveda regarding ageing process e.g, decade wise ageing process is described by Acharya Vagbhat and Sharangdhara. According to them one particular bodily feature is being degraded by each decade of lifespan, in the same way multiple theories are also analyzed in contemporary science. The whole biology of ageing has been dealt in present article within the Ayurvedic frame.

scholarly journals Age-friendly city: future perspectives for the Brazilian cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Patricia de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Simone Rezende da Silva ◽  
Tathianni Cristini da Silva ◽  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Angelina Zanesco
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT The world population is aging fast and not all cities are prepared to cope with the needs of the elderly people. Cities need to develop strategies for senior citizens including the aspects of health, nutrition, consumer protection, housing, transportation, environment, social welfare, income, employment, safety, and education. The World Health Organization (WHO) created a program dedicated to older adults called the age-friendly city. This program is about creating the environment and opportunities that enable older people to be and do what they value throughout their lives. Most of the elderly population lives in urban spaces, and aging represents a challenge as well as opportunities to the cities all over the world. Recently, only 16 Brazilian cities have received the seal of international certification by meeting the requirements stipulated by the WHO. In the State of Sao Paulo, only two cities have been qualified for this seal. Therefore, the aims of this article are (a) to provide a brief history of this important initiative taken by the WHO and (b) to urge the decision-makers of Brazilian municipalities to develop effective initiatives for their cities to be prepared for this demographic modification.

Frailty syndrome: an old new friend

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (49) ◽  
pp. 1935-1951
Author(s):  
Sára Kálmán ◽  
Magdolna Pákáski ◽  
János Kálmán
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Phenotype Model

Frailty syndrome is defined as extreme stress vulnerability and decreased potential to adapt. The elderly and chronically ill patients are affected mostly. This condition increases the risk of adverse health outcomes as infections, falls, delirium, institutionalization, progression of comorbidities and mortality. The pathophysiological mechanism is a complex immune and neuroendocrine dysregulation. According to the phenotype model, frailty presents when three of the followings occur: weakness, exhaustion, slowness, weight loss and decreased activity, while cumulative model counts the number of health deficits. Aging, frailty, dementia and depression are independent clinical entities; they may present separately but may also potentiate each other. Hence most of the frailty scales assess the physical, mental and social dimensions as well. Mild or moderate frailty is potentially reversible with an individualised caring plan. Given short, easy-to-use screening tools, risk groups can be identified in the primary care and referred to a specialised team for further treatment. Here the authors summarise the literature of a re-discovered, current clinical phenomena, frailty syndrome, focusing on the practical issues in primary care. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(49), 1935–1951.

Minimising infection spread of influenza in the care setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (Sup10) ◽  
pp. S10-S15
Author(s):  
Ray Higginson
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Seasonal influenza epidemics are a major public health concern, each year causing tens of millions of respiratory illnesses and many deaths worldwide. The young, the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions are particularly susceptible to influenza virus complications. In addition to the risk to health, the economic costs of influenza is substantial and the burden posed by the virus to the NHS is great. The currently available influenza virus vaccines are safe and effective in preventing influenza. Along with vaccination, adherence to universal precautions and infection control measures can help prevent the spread of influenza. This article will explore some the most up-to-date influenza literature and research. It will discuss how nurses and other health professionals can use this evidence in order to help them mitigate the consequences of influenza.

scholarly journals The burden of seasonal influenza in Italy: a systematic review of influenza-related complications, hospitalizations, and mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Giacchetta ◽  
Chiara Primieri ◽  
Riccardo Cavalieri ◽  
Alexander Domnich ◽  
Chiara de Waure
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures

Background: reliable country-specific data on influenza burden play a crucial role in informing prevention and control measures. Our purpose was to provide a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on the burden of seasonal influenza in Italy. Methods: we performed a sys-tematic literature review of articles published until 31 July 2020. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched using terms related to burden, influenza, and Italian population. We in-cluded studies investigating seasonal influenza-related complications, hospitalizations and/or mortality. Results: sixteen studies were included: eight (50%) analyzed influenza-related compli-cations, eight (50%) hospitalizations, while seven (43.8%) influenza-related deaths. Only three studies (19.7%) concerned pediatric age. The synthesis of results showed that patients with chron-ic conditions have an increased risk for complications up to almost three times as compared to healthy people. Hospitalizations due to influenza can occur in as much as 5% of infected people depending on the study setting. Excess deaths rates were over six-fold higher in the elderly as compared to the rest of population. Conclusions: although there are still gaps in existing data, there is evidence of the significant burden that influenza places each year especially on high-risk groups. These data should be used to inform public health decision-making.

Epidemiology and Etiology of Kidney Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Cécile Couchoud ◽  
Sahar Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
World Population ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

More than 30% of the world population will develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) during their life. More than 10% of the world population live with CKD and, therefore, are at higher risk of cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury episodes, progression to end-stage renal disease, and death. Risk factors of kidney disease occurrence may be intrinsic in a “patient at risk” or be related to a “situation at risk.” Primary prevention among the identified risk groups must be organized to decrease the risk of kidney disease appearance. Moreover, many risk factors also contribute to kidney damage progression in patients with CKD, and, therefore, they also are the target of secondary prevention. Because of restricted funding, the issue of unequal access to treatment, in particular to renal replacement therapy, explain most of the geographical differences observed.

Hidden Threat During Quarantine and Transition Phase in Elderly: The Need for Special Precautions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Maggie Nathania ◽  
Diana Sunardi
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

A global pandemic, COVID-19, has struck 216 countries with more than 9 million cases and 420.000 deaths. In Indonesia alone, 49.000 people have been infected with more than 2.000 deaths. To reduce the transmission rate and break the chain of transmission, various countries in the world require people to limit and mitigate activities outside the house, especially for high-risk groups: the elderly and groups with comorbidities. Although there is no age group protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the elderly group shows significantly higher mortality and severity of the disease when compared with young and middle age. Case fatality rate in the elderly ranges between 8% in patients aged ≥80 years, 8% in patients aged 70-79 years, and up to 49% in critical cases. Other studies also show that the average age of patients who need the intensive care unit (ICU) is older than patients who do not require ICU.

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