scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome, Oxidative Stress, Environment, and Cardiovascular Disease: The Great Exploration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hutcheson ◽  
Petra Rocic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Type I ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

The metabolic syndrome affects 30% of the US population with increasing prevalence. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and the incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease in general and coronary artery disease (CAD) in particular. Furthermore, we look at the impact of metabolic syndrome on outcomes of coronary revascularization therapies including CABG, PTCA, and coronary collateral development. We also examine the association between the metabolic syndrome and its individual component pathologies and oxidative stress. Related, we explore the interaction between the main external sources of oxidative stress, cigarette smoke and air pollution, and metabolic syndrome and the effect of this interaction on CAD. We discuss the apparent lack of positive effect of antioxidants on cardiovascular outcomes in large clinical trials with emphasis on some of the limitations of these trials. Finally, we present evidence for successful use of antioxidant properties of pharmacological agents, including metformin, statins, angiotensin II type I receptor blockers (ARBs), and angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, for prevention and treatment of the cardiovascular complications of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Melatonin Ameliorates Autophagy Impairment in a Metabolic Syndrome Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Adrián Santos-Ledo ◽  
Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado ◽  
Beatriz Caballero ◽  
Yaiza Potes ◽  
Susana Rodríguez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Model

Metabolic syndrome is a global health problem in adults and its prevalence among children and adolescents is rising. It is strongly linked to a lifestyle with high-caloric food, which causes obesity and lipid metabolism anomalies. Molecular damage due to excessive oxidative stress plays a major role during the development of metabolic syndrome complications. Among the different hormones, melatonin presents strong antioxidant properties, and it is used to treat metabolic diseases. However, there is not a consensus about its use as a metabolic syndrome treatment. The aim of this study was to identify melatonin effects in a metabolic syndrome model. Golden hamsters were fed with 60% fructose-enriched food to induce metabolic syndrome and were compared to hamsters fed with regular chow diet. Both groups were also treated with melatonin. Fructose-fed hamsters showed altered blood lipid levels (increased cholesterol and LDL) and phenotypes restored with the melatonin treatment. The Harderian gland (HG), which is an ideal model to study autophagy modulation through oxidative stress, was the organ that was most affected by a fructose diet. Redox balance was altered in fructose-fed HG, inducing autophagic activation. However, since LC3-II was not increased, the impairment must be in the last steps of autophagy. Lipophagy HG markers were also disturbed, contributing to the dyslipidemia. Melatonin treatment improved possible oxidative homeostasis through autophagic induction. All these results point to melatonin as a possible treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals The Impact of Rapid Weight Loss on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Expression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Tumova ◽  
Wensheng Sun ◽  
Peter H. Jones ◽  
Michal Vrablik ◽  
Christie M. Ballantyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Obesity is linked with a state of increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Design and Methods. We measured oxidative stress markers in 40 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS+), 40 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (MetS−), and 20 lean controls (LC) at baseline and after three months of very low caloric diet.Results. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels decreased by 12% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a reduction in total cholesterol (TC), even after adjustment for age and sex. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) activity decreased by 4.7% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a drop in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TC, and insulin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a model including ox-LDL, LpPLA2activity, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) improved prediction of MetS status among obese individuals compared to each oxidative stress marker alone.Conclusions. Oxidative stress markers were predictive of MetS in obese subjects, suggesting a higher oxidative stress. Rapid weight loss resulted in a decline in oxidative stress markers, especially in MetS+ patients.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome: An Important Risk Factor for Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Bo Tian
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Important Risk Factor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
System Review ◽  
Clear Relation

Metabolic syndrome is becoming commoner due to a rise in obesity rates among adults. Generally speaking, a person with metabolic syndrome is twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease and five times as likely to develop diabetes as someone without metabolic syndrome. Increasing oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and Parkinson’s disease is mentioned in the comprehensive articles; however, the system review about clear relation between metabolic syndrome and Parkinson’s disease is deficient. In this review, we will focus on the analysis that the metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease and the preventions that reduce the incident of Parkinson’s disease by regulating the oxidative stress.

Metabolic Syndrome, a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor: Role of Adipocytokines and Impact of Diet and Physical Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay E. Robinson ◽  
Terry E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Key Words Insulin ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

The metabolic syndrome comprises an array of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. Insulin resistance and/or increased abdominal (visceral) obesity have been suggested as potential etiological factors. More recently, increasing evidence has associated insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation involving cytokines derived from adipose tissue, or adipocytokines. Despite the fact that precise mechanisms have yet to be established, there is a significant role for both diet and physical activity to improve the many factors associated with the metabolic syndrome, including modulation of various adipocytokines. Although both diet and physical activity have been studied for their ability to modify cytokines in more traditional inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, they have been less studied in relation to inflammation as an underlying cause of the metabolic syndrome and/or CVD. A more thorough understanding of the clustering of metabolic abnormalities and their underlying etiology will help to define diet and physical activity guidelines for preventing and treating the metabolic syndrome, an important aspect of CVD prevention. This paper will address potential underlying causes of the metabolic syndrome, with a focus on the putative mechanistic role of adipocytokines, and will discuss the impact of diet and physical activity on the metabolic syndrome. Key words: insulin resistance syndrome, obesity, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, inflammation, nutrition, exercise

Thrombosis in central obesity and metabolic syndrome: Mechanisms and epidemiology

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Emmanuel Morange ◽  
Marie-Christine Alessi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

summaryCentral obesity is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome (metS), a multiplex risk factor for subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Many metabolic alterations closely related to this condition exert effects on platelets and vascular cells. A procoagulant and hypofibrinolytic state has been identified, mainly underlain by inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, and ectopic fat that accompany central obesity. In support of these data, central obesity independently predisposes not only to atherothrombosis but also to venous thrombosis.

Inflammation and the metabolic syndrome: Role of angiotensin II and oxidative stress

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
León Ferder ◽  
Felipe Inserra ◽  
Manuel Martínez-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Exercise in the Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Golbidi ◽  
Azam Mesdaghinia ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Muscular Metabolism

The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension that is occurring in increasing frequency across the global population. Although there is some controversy about its diagnostic criteria, oxidative stress, which is defined as imbalance between the production and inactivation of reactive oxygen species, has a major pathophysiological role in all the components of this disease. Oxidative stress and consequent inflammation induce insulin resistance, which likely links the various components of this disease. We briefly review the role of oxidative stress as a major component of the metabolic syndrome and then discuss the impact of exercise on these pathophysiological pathways. Included in this paper is the effect of exercise in reducing fat-induced inflammation, blood pressure, and improving muscular metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of Resveratrol on Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
N. A. Markhon ◽  
◽  
V. М. Baibakov ◽  
V. A. Kosse ◽  
I. V. Lyulko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The purpose of the study is to analyze the sources of modern literature of domestic and foreign researchers on the prospects of resveratrol in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a clinical manifestation characterized by many comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All components of metabolic syndrome are involved in the induction of low-quality inflammation and oxidative stress, characteristic of this symptom complex. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and early mortality, which has a significant impact on health care costs. Finding an effective and alternative therapeutic strategy, which is natural and has no side effects, can be a useful tool in the fight against metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on the potential beneficial effects of a polyphenolic natural compound – resveratrol – on various molecular targets with programming for the development of disorders associated with metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. A number of data on the effects of resveratrol on body weight, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, oxidative stress indicate that this compound has a wide range of beneficial effects on human health, and also has a beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome. A numerous data on the improvement of homeostasis, glucose, lipids, fat reduction, blood pressure, oxidative stress may demonstrate how resveratrol may be useful in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and related disorders due to its anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and antioxidant properties. Resveratrol can be used either early as a reprogramming agent or later as a part of the treatment of metabolic syndrome. A few of the main molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of resveratrol on metabolic syndrome are given in the article. Conclusion. Presented review of literature outlined the potential of resveratrol as supplementary or alternative medicine. Thus, resveratrol could be a useful regimen for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its related conditions. The article considers some molecular level targets for resveratrol in terms of its effect on the metabolic syndrome, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, SIRT1 protein, the main switch of the cellular defense system (Nrf2), nuclear factor-kappa B, estrogen receptor and the like

scholarly journals Aspalathin from Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis): A Bioactive C-glucosyl Dihydrochalcone with Potential to Target the Metabolic Syndrome

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (09/10) ◽  
pp. 568-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Johnson ◽  
Dalene de Beer ◽  
Phiwayinkosi Dludla ◽  
Daneel Ferreira ◽  
Christo Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Aspalathus Linearis ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractAspalathin is a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone that is abundantly present in Aspalathus linearis. This endemic South African plant, belonging to the Cape Floristic region, is normally used for production of rooibos, a herbal tea. Aspalathin was valued initially only as precursor in the formation of the characteristic red-brown colour of “fermented” rooibos, but the hype about the potential role of natural antioxidants to alleviate oxidative stress, shifted interest in aspalathin to its antioxidant properties and subsequently, its potential role to improve metabolic syndrome, a disease condition interrelated with oxidative stress. The potential use of aspalathin or aspalathin-rich rooibos extracts as a condition-specific nutraceutical is hampered by the limited supply of green rooibos (i.e., “unfermented” plant material) and low levels in “fermented” rooibos, providing incentive for its synthesis. In vitro and in vivo studies relating to the metabolic activity of aspalathin are discussed and cellular mechanisms by which aspalathin improves glucose and lipid metabolism are proposed. Other aspects covered in this review, which are relevant in view of the potential use of aspalathin as an adjunctive therapy, include its poor stability and bioavailability, as well as potential adverse herb-drug interactions, in particular interference with the metabolism of certain commonly prescribed chronic medications for hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia.

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