scholarly journals Mechanisms of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Prostate Cancer Prevention

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhennan Gu ◽  
Janel Suburu ◽  
Haiqin Chen ◽  
Yong Q. Chen

This review focuses on several key areas where progress has been made recently to highlight the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in prostate cancer prevention.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García de Acilu ◽  
S. Leal ◽  
B. Caralt ◽  
O. Roca ◽  
J. Sabater ◽  
...  

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as the acute onset of noncardiogenic edema and subsequent gas-exchange impairment due to a severe inflammatory process. Recent report on the prognostic value of eicosanoids in patients with ARDS suggests that modulating the inflammatory response through the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be a useful strategy for ARDS treatment. The use of enteral diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has reported promising results, showing an improvement in respiratory variables and haemodynamics. However, the interpretation of the studies is limited by their heterogeneity and methodology and the effect ofω-3 fatty acid-enriched lipid emulsion or enteral diets on patients with ARDS remains unclear. Therefore, the routine use ofω-3 fatty acid-enriched nutrition cannot be recommended and further large, homogeneous, and high-quality clinical trials need to be conducted to clarify the effectiveness ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
L. S. Starostina

Under current conditions of life with its intense rhythm, launch of new technologies, lack of time, both physical and mental workloads on a person increase. In these days, doctors more often report patients’ complaints of undue tiredness: they don’t feel rested even after a holiday and/or sleep. Today we tend to detect such manifestations not only in adults. Children also become less stress-resistant, more irritable due to an overabundance of information, and are prone to frequent infections. How can we help the growing generation cope with the increasing workloads? There’s no question, everyone knows about the need to use vitamins, but the right choice is not always possible. There are currently many single-component vitamin supplements and vitamin-mineral complexes. Some people prefer not to use industrially produced vitamins, but those contained in the natural products - fruits, vegetables, berries. But unfortunately, such a diet does not include the group of fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K. In addition, far from everyone understands the importance of eating fatty acids. This article is devoted to the feasibility of additional intake of fat-soluble vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), their role in the body and deficiency symptoms. It has been established that the polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in the early period of life may trigger the development of cardiovascular disorders, problems associated with high cholesterol content, visual impairment, a drop of immunity, learning difficulties, and nervous system disorders in children in later years. Particular attention is paid to the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement combined with vitamins (A, E, D3), which enhance the positive effects. In addition, it does not cause negative emotions since it has a fruity taste.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3481-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Tang ◽  
Yiping Liu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Huande Li ◽  
Hualin Cai ◽  
...  

Low intake of omega-3 (Ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with postpartum depression.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. NMI.S39043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma A. Abdelmagid ◽  
Jessica L. MacKinnon ◽  
Sarah M. Janssen ◽  
David W.L. Ma

Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.


Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Huang ◽  
Ana-Maria Iosif ◽  
Robin L Hansen ◽  
Rebecca J Schmidt

Prior research studies suggest that maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids could have protective effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine associations between maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy and risk for autism spectrum disorder and other non-typical development in a prospective cohort. Eligible women already had a child with autism spectrum disorder and were planning a pregnancy or were pregnant with another child. Children were clinically assessed longitudinally and diagnosed at 36 months. Maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy was estimated using food frequency questionnaires. Maternal third-trimester plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration was measured by gas chromatography. In all, 258 mother–child pairs were included. Mothers consuming more total omega-3 in the second half of pregnancy were 40% less likely to have children with autism spectrum disorder (relative risk = 0.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.98). No significant associations were observed between maternal third-trimester plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid subtype concentrations and risk of autism spectrum disorder. However, higher plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were associated with lower non-typical development risk (relative risk ranging from 0.47 to 0.88). This study provides suggestive evidence of associations between risk of autism spectrum disorder in the children and maternal omega-3 intake in late pregnancy but not with third-trimester plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids. Further research is needed to evaluate these potential relationships. Lay abstract Prior studies suggest that maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids intake during pregnancy may have protective effects on autism spectrum disorder in their children. However, they did not examine detailed timing of maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy, nor did they evaluate plasma concentrations. This study investigates whether maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids in defined time windows of pregnancy, assessed by both questionnaires and biomarkers, are associated with risk of autism spectrum disorder and other non-typical development in the children. Food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during the first and second half of pregnancy. Gas chromatography measured maternal plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in the third trimester. In all, 258 mother–child pairs from a prospective cohort were included. All mothers already had a child with autism spectrum disorder and were planning a pregnancy or pregnant with another child. Children were clinically assessed longitudinally and diagnosed at 36 months. For polyunsaturated fatty acid intake from questionnaires, we only found mothers consuming more omega-3 in the second half of pregnancy were 40% less likely to have children with autism spectrum disorder. For polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in the third-trimester plasma, we did not observe any statistical significance in relation to the risk of autism spectrum disorder. However, our study confirmed associations from previous studies between higher maternal docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid plasma concentrations in the late pregnancy and reduced risk for non-typical development. This study markedly advanced understandings of whether and when maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid intake influences risk for autism spectrum disorder and sets the stage for prevention at the behavioral and educational level.


2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bungo Shirouchi ◽  
Koji Nagao ◽  
Kenta Furuya ◽  
Toshiharu Nagai ◽  
Kenji Ichioka ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Gong ◽  
Mary E. Platek ◽  
Cathee Till ◽  
Phyllis J. Goodman ◽  
Catherine M. Tangen ◽  
...  

Study of polymorphisms in genes related to the generation and removal of oxidative stress and repair of oxidative DNA damage will lead to new insights into the genetic basis of prostate cancer. In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), a double-blind, randomized controlled trial testing finasteride versus placebo for prostate cancer prevention, we intend to investigate the role of oxidative stress/DNA repair mechanisms in prostate cancer etiology and whether these polymorphisms modify prostate cancer risk by interacting with antioxidant status in both placebo and finasteride arms. We evaluated associations of selected candidate polymorphisms in genes in these pathways, and interactions with pre-diagnostic serum antioxidants, and the risk of prostate cancer among 1,598 cases and 1,706 frequency-matched controls enrolled in the PCPT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. While there were no statistically significant associations observed in the placebo arm, several SNPs were associated with prostate cancer in the finasteride arm. Specifically, APEX1-rs1760944 was associated with increased risk of total prostate cancer (per minor allele: p-trend=0.04). OGG1-rs1052133 was positively (CG/GG vs. CC: OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.01-1.73) and NOS3-rs1799983 was inversely (per minor allele: p-trend=0.04) associated with risk of low-grade prostate cancer. LIG3-rs1052536 and XRCC1-rs25489 were suggestively associated with reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer (per minor allele: both p-trend=0.04). In the placebo arm, significant associations were observed among men with higher serum lycopene for APEX1-rs1760944 and NQO1-rs1800566, or higher serum β-cryptoxanthin for ERCC4-rs1800067. In the finasteride arm, stronger associations were observed among men with lower serum lycopene for NOS3-rs1799983, higher serum α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin for LIG3-rs1052536, or lower serum retinol for SOD2-rs1799725. These results suggest that germline variations in oxidative stress and DNA repair pathways may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis and that these associations may differ by intraprostatic sex steroid hormone status and be further modified by antioxidant status. Findings provide insights into the complex role of gene, gene-antioxidant and -finasteride interactions in prostate cancer etiology, and thus may lead to the development of preventative strategies.


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