scholarly journals Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia Stratified by Age and Gender in Rural India

Anemia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Alvarez-Uria ◽  
Praveen K. Naik ◽  
Manoranjan Midde ◽  
Pradeep S. Yalla ◽  
Raghavakalyan Pakam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Normocytic Anaemia ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Programmes

Anaemia is a major public health problem in India. Although nearly three quarters of the Indian population live in rural areas, the epidemiology of anaemia in rural settings is not well known. We performed a retrospective observational study using routine clinical data from patients attending the out-patient clinics of a rural hospital in India from June 2011 to August 2014. The study included 73,795 determinations of haemoglobin. 49.5% of patients were female. The median haemoglobin concentration was 11.3 g/dL (interquartile range (IQR), 9.8–12.4) in females and 12.5 g/dL (IQR, 10.6–14.2) in males. Anaemia was present in the majority of children <10 years, women after puberty, and older adults. Children <5 years had the highest prevalence of anaemia, especially children aged 1-2 years. The high proportion of microcytic anaemia and the fact that gender differences were only seen after the menarche period in women suggest that iron deficiency was the main cause of anaemia. However, the prevalence of normocytic anaemia increased with age. The results of this study can be used by public health programmes to design target interventions aimed at reducing the huge burden of anaemia in India. Further studies are needed to clarify the aetiology of anaemia among older adults.

scholarly journals Anaemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025
Author(s):  
F. El Sahn ◽  
S. Sallam ◽  
A. Mandif ◽  
O. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Scale

We aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescents in Egypt and to study possible risk factors. A cross-sectional approach was used. Blood samples were collected from 1980 adolescents for haemoglobin estimation. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 46.6%, most of which was mild or moderate, with severe cases in less than 1.0% of the sample. Gender difference was almost nonexistent. A significant inverse relationship was observed between the level of anaemia and age [especially among boys], socioeconomic level and educational level. Anaemia was more prevalent in rural areas and in Upper [southern] Egypt. Anaemia is a major public health problem among Egyptian adolescents and wide-scale public health education is warranted.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Falls among Older Adults in Ecuador: An Analysis of the SABE I Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Orces
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Nationally Representative

The present study based on a nationally representative sample of older adults living in the Andes mountains and coastal region of the country indicates that 34.7% of older adults had fallen in the previous year in Ecuador. Among fallers, 30.6% reported a fall-related injury. The prevalence of falls was higher in women and among older adults residing in the rural Andes mountains. In the multivariate model, women, subjects with cognitive impairment, those reporting urinary incontinence, and those being physically active during the previous year were variables found independently associated with increased risk of falling among older adults in Ecuador. Moreover, a gradual and linear increase in the prevalence of falls was seen as the number of risk factors increased. Falls represent a major public health problem among older adults in Ecuador. The present findings may assist public health authorities to implement programs of awareness and fall prevention among older adults at higher risk of falls.

scholarly journals Depression, cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Seymour ◽  
Tony B. Benning
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiac Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality

SummaryDepression is an illness that kills. The links between depression and medical illness are well established and bi-directional, but evidence is mounting that depression increases mortality as well as morbidity in adults, particularly older adults. We examine the evidence that the increase in mortality in depression applies to all-cause mortality as well as cardiac mortality, and describe plausible physiological theories for the association. We conclude that excess mortality arising from depression is a major public health problem that is largely unrecognised and needs to be addressed by a range of clinicians.

A Human Rights-Based Emotional and Safety Skills Programme for Children in Finland

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-704
Author(s):  
Riitta Ala-Luhtala ◽  
llsa Lottes ◽  
Sirpa Valkama ◽  
Leena Liimatainen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Safety Skills ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

According to research reviewed by the World Health Organisation and the Council of Europe, child abuse and maltreatment are both violations of human rights and a major public health problem. In the last couple of decades there has also been a movement to integrate human rights principles into public health programmes and health system analyses. Rights-based approaches put responsibility and accountability components into health promotion for countries whose governments have accepted human rights principles. The purpose of this paper is to describe a human-rights-based emotional and safety skills programme developed in Finland; the goal of this programme is to train health and social work professionals, child care workers and child educators to help children learn and apply emotional and safety skills. The programme integrates the protection, provision and participation characteristics of human rights with active learning techniques. The programme was positively evaluated by its participants. The paper concludes with recommendations for human rights education so others may integrate rights-based approaches for health promotion and public health programmes.

scholarly journals Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults and Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Élvio Rúbio Gouveia ◽  
Bruna R. Gouveia ◽  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Miguel Peralta ◽  
Cíntia França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Metabolic syndrome has been considered a factor of vulnerability and a major public health problem because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The present study from Amazonas, Brazil aimed to estimate the prevalence of the individual and general components of metabolic syndrome in adults and older adults and identify the independent predictors of metabolic syndrome. The sample of the present cross-sectional study comprised 942 participants (590 women), with a mean age of 59.8 ± 19.7 (range: 17.5 to 91.8). Blood pressure in men (62.5%), abdominal obesity in women (67.3%), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both (52.2% in men and 65.0% in women) were the most prevalent individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Women had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (p < 0.001), low HDL-C (p < 0.001), and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001) than men; however, opposite results were seen in men for blood pressure (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 47.5%. Advanced age, being female, having a higher body mass index, and a having lower educational level independently increased the odds of metabolic syndrome. Due to the association of metabolic syndrome with deterioration of health status and increased vulnerability, this study sustains the need for early public health interventions in the Amazonas region.

scholarly journals A critical review on vrischika visha W.S.R. to keraliya visha chikitsa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1162-1167
Author(s):  
Shanti R Nair ◽  
Suwarna Meshram ◽  
Prasanth R Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Scorpion Stings ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Scorpion stings are major public health problem especially in rural parts of India. Envenomation from Scorpions if estimating on yearly basis it is about 12 lakh people per year and is responsible for nearly about 3250 deaths. There are about 1400 species of scorpions identified worldwide out of this only 53 are reported to be dangerous to humans, In India we have identified around 86 species. Poison due to insect bite is common and can be accompanied with a variety of symptoms ranging from simple itching to life threatening situations. Many may go through minor problems like swelling, tingling or numbness due to the sting. Scorpion sting usually results in severe symptoms, as its venom is more potent. Young children and older adults may require immediate treatment. Vrischikadamsha is such a specific envenomation that requires medical attention. There are ample references treatment modalities and medicines in Keraleeyavisha chikitsa granthas and ayurvedic classics which are described for managing vrischikavisha. Many of the keraliyavishagrantha are written in Malayalam hence there is a need to explore and bring out the remedies. So in this article a humble effort is made to bring out the different vrischika and treatment modalities described in keraleeyagrandhas along with the specific symptoms.

scholarly journals Variation in Prescription Opioid Dispensing across Neighborhoods of Diverse Socioeconomic Disadvantages in Victoria, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Islam ◽  
Dennis Wollersheim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Very High ◽  
Neighborhood Level

The study examined the relationship between dispensing patterns of prescription opioids, neighborhood-disadvantage-index, and standardized doses dispensed. Three-year’s dispensing data drawn from 80 local government areas (LGAs) within Victoria, Australia’s second most populous state, was analyzed. Quantities dispensed in defined daily dose (DDD)/1000-people/day were computed for LGAs of low, moderate, high, and very high socio-economic disadvantage. LGAs with various levels of dispensing, and neighborhood disadvantage were identified and mapped. A multivariable regression model examined the effect of neighborhood level disadvantage and identified other factors that are associated with standardized doses dispensed. More women were dispensed opioids than men. Dispensing increased with increasing age. Most of the LGAs with relatively high dispensing were socioeconomically disadvantaged and located outside the major cities. Dispensing gradually increased from low disadvantage to very high disadvantage areas. Dispensing of standardized doses were consistently higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Neighborhood level disadvantage, age, sex, and urbanization were significant factors in the standardized doses dispensed. As inappropriate dispensing of opioids is a major public health problem, research should facilitate understanding of utilization in small areas to enable tailored public health programs. Nationwide and consistent introduction of real-time prescription drug-monitoring programs, and structural interventions to reduce the fundamental causes of socioeconomic disadvantage and isolation are recommended.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Globally, diarrhoea is a second leading cause of deaths among under-five children and is a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives, a large proportion of under-five children are still experienced diarrhoeal diseases causes high mortality in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among children under-five in India.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015-16. A total of living children below 5 years of age were utilized for the analysis of this study. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to investigate the factors of childhood diarrhoea.Results In India, about 9% under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past 2 weeks. Children from rural areas (AOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), Scheduled Tribe (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and others caste (AOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and from central (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west region (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in past 2 weeks. Furthermore, this study also revealed that child’s stool disposal (AOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence.Conclusions Diarrhoeal disease remains a serious public health problem in India. The findings of this study suggest strengthening of existing health care programs. Policy intervention should also address socio-economic vulnerabilities of mothers and children to combat the incidence of diarrhoea. In addition, provisioning of sanitation and housing facilities may help positively to control diarrhoeal disease that could eventually reduce the incidence of child mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders and its determinants among school children aged 6 to 12 years in rural areas of Koppal district, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar P. Mane ◽  
Yuvaraj Banot Yenkanaik ◽  
Smita M. Nimbannavar ◽  
Anilkumar L. ◽  
Sharankumar Holyachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders are recognized as major public health problem in India and the simplest, most effective and inexpensive preventive method is the consumption of Iodized salt. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of goitre among children aged 6 to 12 years in rural areas of Koppal district, to determine various factors associated with goiter among children, to estimate the level of urinary iodine excretion among urine samples collected from children and to estimate the level of iodine content among salt samples collected in the study setting.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for a duration of 6 months from June 2018 to November 2018 in rural areas of Koppal district among 3047 school children aged 6 to 12 years selected by cluster sampling technique. Goiter was detected and graded using standard techniques and the collected salt and urine samples were sent to MRHRU, Sirwar, Raichur for analysis. Data was collected using pretested and semistructured questionnaire and was analyzed using WHO Epi info software version 3.5.4.Results: The prevalence of goitre among school children in Koppal district was 442 (14.5%) and it was found to be significantly associated with age and source of drinking water. Majority i.e., 65.96% of urine samples had iodine content less than 100 µg/l and majority i.e., 79.15% of salt samples had iodine content less than 15 PPM.Conclusions: Goiter is mild public health problem in Koppal district with majority of urine samples excreting iodine below optimum levels and majority of salt samples being inadequately iodized.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

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