scholarly journals Advances in Proteomic Technologies and Its Contribution to the Field of Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mesri
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cancer Genes ◽  
Cancer Genetic ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come

Systematic studies of the cancer genome have generated a wealth of knowledge in recent years. These studies have uncovered a number of new cancer genes not previously known to be causal targets in cancer. Genetic markers can be used to determine predisposition to tumor development, but molecularly targeted treatment strategies are not widely available for most cancers. Precision care plans still must be developed by understanding and implementing basic science research into clinical treatment. Proteomics is continuing to make major strides in the discovery of fundamental biological processes as well as more recent transition into an assay platform capable of measuring hundreds of proteins in any biological system. As such, proteomics can translate basic science discoveries into the clinical practice of precision medicine. The proteomic field has progressed at a fast rate over the past five years in technology, breadth and depth of applications in all areas of the bioscience. Some of the previously experimental technical approaches are considered the gold standard today, and the community is now trying to come to terms with the volume and complexity of the data generated. Here I describe contribution of proteomics in general and biological mass spectrometry in particular to cancer research, as well as related major technical and conceptual developments in the field.

Barriers to Behavioral Research on Dementia

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Behavioral Research ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
The Past

Barriers to behavioral research are multifactorial. They include attitudinal, conceptual, financial, and administrative factors. In general, behavioral research and clinical research have received less support than basic science research (Marshall, 1994). The traditional emphasis has been on funding of basic research with the expectation that clinical research can be pursued without specific financial support. Although this might have been possible in the past, the increasingly tight control of clinicians' time and the need for cost-effective healthcare delivery have rendered this approach obsolete. Advances in clinically applicable information will require the type of research funding usually reserved for basic science endeavors.

scholarly journals Combing the Cancer Genome for Novel Kinase Drivers and New Therapeutic Targets

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Torres-Ayuso ◽  
John Brognard
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cancer Drivers ◽  
Novel Protein

Protein kinases are critical regulators of signaling cascades that control cellular proliferation, growth, survival, metabolism, migration, and invasion. Deregulation of kinase activity can lead to aberrant regulation of biological processes and to the onset of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focus on oncogenic kinases and the signaling pathways they regulate that underpin tumor development. We highlight genomic biomarker-based precision medicine intervention strategies that match kinase inhibitors alone or in combination to mutationally activated kinase drivers, as well as progress towards implementation of these treatment strategies in the clinic. We also discuss the challenges for identification of novel protein kinase cancer drivers in the genomic era.

scholarly journals Drug Discovery over the Past Thirty Years: Why Aren’t There More New Drugs?

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Lloyd Fricker
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge ◽  
The Past

The rate of drug discovery has not kept pace with the exponential increase in biomedical knowledge. For the past 30 years, the number of new molecular enti- ties approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration has averaged 20 to 30 drugs per year, except for a peak in the mid-1990s that briefly doubled this rate. This modest productivity cannot be explained by lack of funding, as the research budgets of government and industry-funded programs have increased threefold to fivefold over the past three decades. Various arguments have been proposed to account for the relative lack of innovative new drugs, but little consideration has been given to the focus on hypothesis-driven translational research. In theory, the emphasis on translational research should have led to an increase in the number of new drugs. However, in considering the historical perspective of drug discovery and the role of serendipity, it can be argued that the emphasis on translational research diverts scientists from pursuing basic-science studies that give rise to fundamental discoveries. In many cases, retro-translational research (from clinic to basic science) is necessary before the disease process can be understood well enough for scientists to develop therapeutics. Ultimately, a balance of disease-oriented and basic-science research on fundamental processes is optimal. 

Bench to Bedside: Research Review in Vocal Fold Extracellular Matrix

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Susan L. Thibeault
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Science Research ◽  
Quality Of Voice

Abstract The vocal fold lamina propria is crucial for the production of the vocal fold mucosal wave and quality of voice. Basic science research in this area has increased over the past 10 years secondary to our understanding of this importance. The translational aspects of this research are far reaching as we begin to better understand the development, maintenance, and regeneration of this area. This article serves to present a review of the multi faceted work being completed.

scholarly journals Drug Discovery over the Past Thirty Years: Why Aren’t There More New Drugs?

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Fricker
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge ◽  
The Past

The rate of drug discovery has not kept pace with the exponential increase in biomedical knowledge. For the past 30 years, the number of new molecular enti- ties approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration has averaged 20 to 30 drugs per year, except for a peak in the mid-1990s that briefly doubled this rate. This modest productivity cannot be explained by lack of funding, as the research budgets of government and industry-funded programs have increased threefold to fivefold over the past three decades. Various arguments have been proposed to account for the relative lack of innovative new drugs, but little consideration has been given to the focus on hypothesis-driven translational research. In theory, the emphasis on translational research should have led to an increase in the number of new drugs. However, in considering the historical perspective of drug discovery and the role of serendipity, it can be argued that the emphasis on translational research diverts scientists from pursuing basic-science studies that give rise to fundamental discoveries. In many cases, retro-translational research (from clinic to basic science) is necessary before the disease process can be understood well enough for scientists to develop therapeutics. Ultimately, a balance of disease-oriented and basic-science research on fundamental processes is optimal.

scholarly journals Learning from the past and present: social science implications for COVID-19 immunity-based documentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Dada ◽  
Heather Battles ◽  
Caitlin Pilbeam ◽  
Bhagteshwar Singh ◽  
Tom Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
To Come ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn responding to the widespread impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have proposed and implemented documentation policies that confer varying levels of freedoms or restrictions (e.g., ability to travel) based on individuals’ infection status or potential immunity. Most discussions around immunity- or infection-based documentation policies have focused on scientific plausibility, economic benefit, and challenges relating to ethics and equity. As COVID-19 vaccines are rolled out, attention has turned to confirmation of immunity and how documentation such as vaccine certificates or immunity passports can be implemented. However, the contextual inequities and local variabilities interacting with COVID-19 related documentation policies hinder a one-size-fits-all approach. In this Comment, we argue that social science perspectives can and should provide additional insight into these issues, through a diverse range of current and historical examples. This would enable policymakers and researchers to better understand and mitigate current and longer-term differential impacts of COVID-19 immunity-based documentation policies in different contexts. Furthermore, social science research methods can uniquely provide feedback to inform adjustments to policy implementation in real-time and help to document how these policy measures are felt differently across communities, populations, and countries, potentially for years to come. This Comment, updated as of 15 August 2021, combines precedents established in historical disease outbreaks and current experiences with COVID-19 immunity-based documentation policies to highlight valuable lessons and an acute need for further social science research which should inform effective and context-appropriate future public health policy and action.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Suicidal Behavior in Black South Africans

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens Schlebusch ◽  
Naseema B.M. Vawda ◽  
Brenda A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
South African Society ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
To Come

Summary: In the past suicidal behavior among Black South Africans has been largely underresearched. Earlier studies among the other main ethnic groups in the country showed suicidal behavior in those groups to be a serious problem. This article briefly reviews some of the more recent research on suicidal behavior in Black South Africans. The results indicate an apparent increase in suicidal behavior in this group. Several explanations are offered for the change in suicidal behavior in the reported clinical populations. This includes past difficulties for all South Africans to access health care facilities in the Apartheid (legal racial separation) era, and present difficulties of post-Apartheid transformation the South African society is undergoing, as the people struggle to come to terms with the deleterious effects of the former South African racial policies, related socio-cultural, socio-economic, and other pressures.

Screen Wonders of the Past: And to Come?

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-393
Author(s):  
Kenneth MacGowan
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
To Come

Music and Memory: The Tlatelolco Refrain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Kun
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
First Century ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
Octavio Paz ◽  
Mexican History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rock Bands ◽  
To Come ◽  
Musical Memory ◽  
A Current

Ever since the 1968 student movements and the events surrounding the Tlatelolco massacre, Mexico City rock bands have openly engaged with the intersection of music and memory. Their songs offer audiences a medium through which to come to terms with the events of the past as a means of praising a broken world, to borrow the poet Adam Zagajewski’s phrase. Contemporary songs such as Saúl Hernández’s “Fuerte” are a twenty-first-century voicing of the ceaseless revolutionary spirit that John Gibler has called “Mexico unconquered,” a current of rebellion and social hunger for justice that runs in the veins of Mexican history. They are the latest additions to what we might think about as “the Mexico unconquered songbook”: musical critiques of impunity and state violence that are rooted in the weaponry of memory, refusing to focus solely on the present and instead making connections with the political past. What Octavio Paz described as a “swash of blood” that swept across “the international subculture of the young” during the events in Tlatelolco Plaza on October 2, 1968, now becomes a refrain of musical memory and political consciousness that extends across eras and generations. That famous phrase of Paz’s is a reminder that these most recent Mexican musical interventions, these most recent formations of a Mexican subculture of the young, maintain a historically tested relationship to blood, death, loss, and violence.

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