scholarly journals How Do Sociodemographics and Activity Participations Affect Activity-Travel? Comparative Study between Women and Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Feifei Yu ◽  
Jian Ding
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Role Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Subsistence Activities

Activity-travel behaviors of women and men are different because they have different social and household responsibilities. However, studies concerning gender differences are mainly limited in developed countries. This paper concentrates on gender role-based differences in activity-travel behavior in a typical developing country, namely, China. Using data from 3656 cases collected through surveys conducted in Shangyu, data processing, method choice, and descriptive analysis were conducted. Binary and ordered logistic regression models segmented by gender were developed to evaluate the mechanism through which individual sociodemographics, household characteristics, and activity participations affect the number of trip chain types and activities for women and men. The results show that women aged 30 to 50 perform less subsistence activities. However, the difference between the different age groups of men is not as significant. In addition, men with bicycles and electric bicycles have more subsistence and maintenance activities, whereas women do not have these attributes. Moreover, women with children under schooling age make more maintenance trip chains but less leisure trip chains and activities, whereas men are free from this influence. Furthermore, both women and men perform more subsistence activities if the duration increases, and men have less influences than women do.

scholarly journals When I’m 64: Assessing Generational Differences in Public Transit Use of Seniors in Montreal, Quebec, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 2651 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Fordham ◽  
Emily Grisé ◽  
Ahmed El-Geneidy
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Baby Boomer ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Strong Attachment ◽  
Transit Use

The growth rate of adults older than 65 in Canada is increasing more rapidly than the population as a whole. This increase is reflective of the aging baby boomer population. That population is known to have a strong attachment to automobiles, which might be reflected in their travel behavior as they move toward different stages in their older life. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the travel behavior, mainly public transit usage, of Canada’s older population relative to younger cohorts. A pseudocohort analysis was conducted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of residents who were 50 or older to follow changes in public transit use of similarly aged respondents from 1998 to 2013. The results revealed that older generations used public transit more than younger generations did at the same age. In addition, the most recent survey year showed a stagnation of transit use across all age groups. Differences in transit use between males and females were more pronounced in earlier cohorts, but the difference was decreasing in more recent years. These findings add to the growing body of work suggesting that the nature of transportation behavior in seniors is changing, and accordingly planners and engineers cannot expect the baby boomer generation to behave the same way as previous generations. Addressing the transportation needs of seniors around the world will be an important challenge for planners and engineers, as the population of seniors is growing more rapidly than the population as a whole in the majority of developed countries. This growth imposes new challenges on the transportation system because of differences in the travel behavior of today’s older adults compared with that of previous cohorts of seniors.

Superior economic performance in developed and developing countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ruiz ◽  
Paulo Arvate ◽  
Wlamir Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

Purpose The extant literature on emerging economies states that the development of the institutional context contributes to the creation of hypercompetitive conditions. The purpose of this paper is to test this assertion by using data from both developing and developed countries. Design/methodology/approach The study used a probit model, Kolmogorov Smirnov tests and propensity score matching to determine the difference in persistent superior economic performance. Panel data from 600 firms in 26 different countries were used for the period from 1995 to 2011. Findings The empirical results support the proposition that there is a significant difference in superior economic performance and persistent superior economic performance sustainability between firms in developed and developing countries. Originality/value This study contributes by fostering other theories related to competitive advantages and giving special emphasis to the comparison between developed and developing countries.

Age-Related Child Sexual Abuse Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592095872
Author(s):  
Mona A. Hassan ◽  
Faye A. Gary ◽  
Linda Lewin ◽  
Cheryl Killion ◽  
Vicken Totten
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Two Age Groups

The study aimed to describe differences in the types of sexual abuse injuries between two age groups of children presenting to an emergency department. This descriptive correlational study explored the relationships between sexual abuse type and child’s age using data from the hospital health records of 95 children ages 6–14 years. Descriptive analysis indicated that sexually abused child victims’ ages were significantly associated with different types of penetrations and mucosal tears or injuries (p < 0.05). These findings highlighted the need for increased awareness about the different types of physical trauma associated with the ages of the child victims.

scholarly journals The association between triglyceride glucose index and depression: data from NHANES 2005–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yi Shi ◽  
Rui Zheng ◽  
Jie-Jie Cai ◽  
Song-Zan Qian
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background The association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and depression is unclear. We conducted this analysis to explore whether higher TyG index is associated with a higher odd of depression. Methods This was an observational study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018), a cross-sectional and nationally representative database. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). TyG index was calculated based on the equation as follows: ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2], and participants were divided into quartiles based on TyG index. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the TyG index and depression. Results A total of 13,350 patients were included, involving 1001 (7.50%) individuals with depression. Higher TyG index is significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms in U.S. adults. Multivariate-adjusted HRs for patients in the TyG index 4th quartile were higher for depression (OR = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30, 1.64) compared with the 1st quartile of TyG index. Similar results were seen in men and women, across age groups, and baseline comorbidities. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, our result suggests that population with higher TyG index are significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms in U.S. adults.

Abstract P254: Health-Related Internet Use in Patients with Hypertension: A Population-Based Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Finkelstein ◽  
Eunme Cha
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: With widely available web-based information about hypertension, internet has the potential to improve health literacy and to affect clinical outcomes. In this study we assessed the prevalence of health-related internet (HRI) usage by patients with hypertension and its association with health outcomes. Methods: Hypertension was defined by the question, “Have you ever been told by a doctor or health profession that you have high blood pressure?” Participants who answered “Yes” were included in the sample. If the participants stated that they accessed the Internet to look up health information, to learn about health topics in chat groups, to refill prescriptions, to schedule appointments, or to communicate with their provider, they were included in ‘HRI user’ group. Two logistic regression models were run to assess predictors of HRI usage and to explore the impact of HRI use on health status among hypertension patients. All models were controlled by age, gender, marital status, race, education, and poverty income ratio (PIR). Sampling weights were utilized to produce population-based results. Results: The prevalence of HRI use in hypertension patients was: 57% (40-55 yrs), 50% (56-65 yrs) and 26% (>65 yrs). In comparison, 58% (40-55 yrs), 56% (56-65 years) and 29% (>65 yrs) of population without hypertension used HRI. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant. Younger age (OR 4.0, p <.0001 for 40-55 group, and OR 2.6, p=0.001 for 50-65 group), women (OR 1.4, p <.0001), higher education (OR 3.8, p <.0001 for 12+ years of education), or higher PIR (OR 1.3, p=0.02 for PIR=2, and OR=3.1, p <.0001 for PIR>=3) were predictors of using HRI with statistical significance. Compared to Caucasians, Africans Americans (OR 0.5, p=0.04) were less likely to use the HRI. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, patients who used HRI in the last 12 months were 1.3 time more likely to report improvement in health status (p=0.04). Conclusions: HRI usage between the hypertension patients and general population did not differ significantly in different age groups. Age, gender, education, PIR, and race were significant predictors of HRI usage pattern. HRI use was associated with improvement in health status within 12 months of using internet.

scholarly journals Retiree Mortality Forecasting: A Partial Age-Range or a Full Age-Range Model?

Risks ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Han Lin Shang ◽  
Steven Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Forecasting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mortality Forecasts ◽  
The One ◽  
Age Range

An essential input of annuity pricing is the future retiree mortality. From observed age-specific mortality data, modeling and forecasting can take place in two routes. On the one hand, we can first truncate the available data to retiree ages and then produce mortality forecasts based on a partial age-range model. On the other hand, with all available data, we can first apply a full age-range model to produce forecasts and then truncate the mortality forecasts to retiree ages. We investigate the difference in modeling the logarithmic transformation of the central mortality rates between a partial age-range and a full age-range model, using data from mainly developed countries in the Human Mortality Database (2020). By evaluating and comparing the short-term point and interval forecast accuracies, we recommend the first strategy by truncating all available data to retiree ages and then produce mortality forecasts. However, when considering the long-term forecasts, it is unclear which strategy is better since it is more difficult to find a model and parameters that are optimal. This is a disadvantage of using methods based on time-series extrapolation for long-term forecasting. Instead, an expectation approach, in which experts set a future target, could be considered, noting that this method has also had limited success in the past.

scholarly journals Four decades of epidemiological data reveal trajectories towards malaria elimination in Kheda district (Gujarat), western part of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e005815
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar Baharia ◽  
Chander Prakash Yadav ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Malaria Clinic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insecticide Spray

BackgroundMalaria is a main public health problem in India and was so particularly in the state of Gujarat in the western part of the country. This study assesses the effects of various interventions on malaria cases using data from the last 33 years (1987–2019).MethodsHere we have analysed 33 years of malaria epidemiological data from a malaria clinic in Kheda district in Gujarat. The data were digitised yearly and monthly, age-wise and gender-wise, and descriptive analysis was performed to assess the effects of several interventions on malaria burden.ResultsDuring 1987–2019, our clinic diagnosed 5466 Plasmodium vivax and 4732 P. falciparum malaria cases. Overall, there was a declining trend in malaria cases except for the years 1991, 1994, 2004 and 2005. The year 2004 especially witnessed an epidemic in Kheda as well as throughout Gujarat. Malaria infections were most common (40%) among the 21–40 years age group. Fever was the most common symptom in all age groups.InterpretationIntroduction of revised drug policy and improved surveillance technique (rapid diagnosis kits) have strengthened the diagnosis and treatment of malaria in the district. Use of pyrethroid in indoor residual insecticide spray has also strengthened vector control. Among the various interventions used, long-lasting insecticide nets and introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy have played significant roles in controlling malaria cases. A more drastic decline in P. falciparum cases versus P. vivax is evident, but the latter persists in high proportions and therefore new tools for malaria control will be needed for elimination.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic brucellosis eleven-year audit from a tertiary hospital in Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05.1) ◽  
pp. 042S-050S
Author(s):  
Lilit Sargsyan ◽  
Karapet Davtyan ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
Samvel Gasparyan ◽  
Vladimir Davidyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Acute Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: The incidence of brucellosis in Armenia in 2010 was twice as high as in other countries of the Caucasian region and has almost doubled over the last three decades. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with acute or chronic forms of presentation of human brucellosis. Methodology: Retrospective study using data from medical records of 455 patients hospitalized for the first time at the Nork Republican Infectious Disease Referral Hospital in Yerevan, Armenia between the years 2006 and 2016. We undertook descriptive analysis of cases, compared acute and chronic cases, and identified factors associated with acute and chronic cases using regression. Results: The majority of brucellosis cases had acute case presentation (73.0%), were males (70.3%), between the ages of 20-60 years (66.2%) and unemployed (89.9%). About two-thirds of cases reported a history of consumption of raw unpasteurized milk. The multivariate analysis revealed that factors associated with the form of brucellosis were age, symptom duration preadmission, fever, antibody titer, and hospitalization outcomes. Conclusion: This study revealed that brucellosis is unevenly distributed across different age groups, as well as regions of Armenia. Affected individuals did not seek medical attention after the onset of the symptoms for about 2 months. Therefore, the targeted educational campaigns could be of crucial importance to prevent the disease in humans, contribute to its early diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Diadochokinetic Rate Quantification in 5 to 14 Year Old Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Hafidz Triantoro Aji Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Examination Result ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Background: Diadochokinetic Rate (DDK) is an ability of repeating a series of sounds quickly and repeatedly. This ability is one of variables to measure speaking ability. The need for normative data is important to provide prediction appropriately in order to establish speaking disorder diagnosis. This research aims to find quantitative data (DDK) in 5 to 14 year old children. Methods: The research employed observational approach. Data was collection was conducted through face-to-face examination with students as enumerator. Each of enumerators has been trained on how to examine and to document data, as indicated with audiovisual recording. Data was collected on January 2020. A total of 100 respondents were included into analysis criteria. Respondents were 5-14 year old normal children. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis. Results: The research found data of Diadochokinetic Rate quantification at syllable and word levels. Quantification data shows the difference between nonsense syllable words and words. There was a difference of quantitative data in each of age groups. Analysis on examination result was carried out using mean and standard deviation scores. Conclusion: The finding of research showed recent data of DDK in 5 to 14 year old year children. Data can be used as the material of speech therapy examination analysis. Further researchers are required to see DDK ability broadly in each of age groups. 

scholarly journals Surveillance and Epidemiology of Dengue in Medellín, Colombia from 2009 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Warnes ◽  
Eduardo Santacruz Sanmartín ◽  
Fausto Bustos Carrillo ◽  
Iván Darío Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Using Data

Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans, primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. We conducted a descriptive analysis of dengue cases from 2009 to 2017 in Medellín, Colombia, using data available from the Secretariat of Health. We analyzed the burden of outbreak years on the healthcare system, risk of cases exhibiting severe illness, potential disease surveillance problems, gender and age as risk factors, and spatiotemporal patterns of disease occurrence. Our data consisted of 50,083 cases, separated based on whether they were diagnostic test negative, diagnostic test positive (primarily IgM ELISA), clinically confirmed, epidemiologically linked, or probable. We used dengue incidence to analyze epidemiological trends between our study years, related to human movement patterns, between gender and age-groups, and spatiotemporally. We used risk to analyze the severity of dengue cases between the study years. We identified human movement could contributed to dengue spread, and male individuals (incidence rate: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76–0.96) and individuals younger than 15 years (incidence rate: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.13–1.34) have higher incidence of dengue and located critical parts of the city where dengue incidence was high. Analysis was limited by participant diagnostic information, data concerning circulating strains, and a lack of phylogenetic information. Understanding the characteristics of dengue is a fundamental part of improving the health outcomes of at-risk populations. This analysis will be useful to support studies and initiatives to counteract dengue and provide context to the surveillance data collected by the health authorities in Medellín.

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