scholarly journals Four decades of epidemiological data reveal trajectories towards malaria elimination in Kheda district (Gujarat), western part of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e005815
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar Baharia ◽  
Chander Prakash Yadav ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Malaria Clinic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insecticide Spray

BackgroundMalaria is a main public health problem in India and was so particularly in the state of Gujarat in the western part of the country. This study assesses the effects of various interventions on malaria cases using data from the last 33 years (1987–2019).MethodsHere we have analysed 33 years of malaria epidemiological data from a malaria clinic in Kheda district in Gujarat. The data were digitised yearly and monthly, age-wise and gender-wise, and descriptive analysis was performed to assess the effects of several interventions on malaria burden.ResultsDuring 1987–2019, our clinic diagnosed 5466 Plasmodium vivax and 4732 P. falciparum malaria cases. Overall, there was a declining trend in malaria cases except for the years 1991, 1994, 2004 and 2005. The year 2004 especially witnessed an epidemic in Kheda as well as throughout Gujarat. Malaria infections were most common (40%) among the 21–40 years age group. Fever was the most common symptom in all age groups.InterpretationIntroduction of revised drug policy and improved surveillance technique (rapid diagnosis kits) have strengthened the diagnosis and treatment of malaria in the district. Use of pyrethroid in indoor residual insecticide spray has also strengthened vector control. Among the various interventions used, long-lasting insecticide nets and introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy have played significant roles in controlling malaria cases. A more drastic decline in P. falciparum cases versus P. vivax is evident, but the latter persists in high proportions and therefore new tools for malaria control will be needed for elimination.

scholarly journals The malaria burden of Amerindian groups of three Venezuelan states: a descriptive study based on programmatic data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Gabaldón-Figueira ◽  
Carlos Chaccour ◽  
Jorge Moreno ◽  
Maria Villegas ◽  
Leopoldo Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fifty-three percent of all cases of malaria in the Americas in 2019 came from Venezuela, where the epidemic is heavily focused south of the Orinoco river, and where most of the country’s Amerindian groups live. Although the disease is known to represent a significant public health problem among these populations, little epidemiological data exists on the subject. This study aims to provide information on malaria incidence, geospatial clustering, and risk factors associated to Plasmodium falciparum infection among these groups. Methods This is a descriptive study based on the analysis of published and unpublished programmatic data collected by Venezuelan health authorities and non-government organizations between 2014 and 2018. The Annual Parasite Index among indigenous groups (API-i) in municipalities of three states (Amazonas, Bolivar, and Sucre) were calculated and compared using the Kruskal Wallis test, risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection were identified via binomial logistic regression and maps were constructed to identify clusters of malaria cases among indigenous patients via Moran’s I and Getis-Ord’s hot spot analysis. Results 116,097 cases of malaria in Amerindian groups were registered during the study period. An increasing trend was observed between 2014 and 2016 but reverted in 2018. Malaria incidence remains higher than in 2014 and hot spots were identified in the three states, although more importantly in the south of Bolivar. Most cases (73.3%) were caused by Plasmodium vivax, but the Hoti, Yanomami, and Eñepa indigenous groups presented higher odds for infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusion Malaria cases among Amerindian populations increased between 2014 and 2018 and seem to have a different geographic distribution than those among the general population. These findings suggest that tailored interventions will be necessary to curb the impact of malaria transmission in these groups.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Educational Poverty in Spain by Subjects, Regions and Gender

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-del-Carmen Sánchez-Antón ◽  
Rosa Badillo-Amador ◽  
María-del-Carmen Marco-Gil ◽  
Juan-Vicente LLinares-Ciscar ◽  
Susana Álvarez-Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

AbstractQuality education is a key factor to improve people’s lives and to achieve sustainable development. Using data from PISA 2009, 2012 and 2015, in this paper the level of educational poverty of the Spanish regions is calculated by applying the Adjusted Bourguignon Chakravarty index, $$B{C}^{a}$$ B C a (Sánchez-García et al. in Soc Indicat Res 145(2): 479–501). A descriptive analysis of the differences in educational poverty by gender and the contribution of each region and subject to the national level of educational poverty is also provided. This information could certainly be considered a starting point to tackle educational poverty in Spain.

The Epidemiology of Māori Suicide in Aotearoa/New Zealand

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Coupe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

AbstractSuicide is a Māori Public Health Issue. Suicide rates in Aotearoa/New Zealand are amongst the highest in OECD countries in the 15-24 year age group and second only to Hungary in other age groups (WHO, 1996; Disley & Coggan, 1996). Suicide is the leading cause of death for young people under the age of 25 years in Aotearoa/New Zealand and a major public health problem (Coggan, 1997). Approximatel, 540 New Zealanders kill themselves each year (Rose, Hatcher, & Koelmeyer, 1999). The total Māori suicide rate (per 100 000) increased to 17.5 in 1997, compared to non-Māori (13.1), and the Māori youth suicide rate (33.9) far exceeded the equivalent non-Māori rate (24.3), reflecting the disparity between Māori and non-Māori (Ministry of Health, 1997). This paper aims to present epidemiological data on Māori suicide and then use the existing literature to discuss possible reasons for the high Māori rate.

Age-Related Child Sexual Abuse Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592095872
Author(s):  
Mona A. Hassan ◽  
Faye A. Gary ◽  
Linda Lewin ◽  
Cheryl Killion ◽  
Vicken Totten
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Two Age Groups

The study aimed to describe differences in the types of sexual abuse injuries between two age groups of children presenting to an emergency department. This descriptive correlational study explored the relationships between sexual abuse type and child’s age using data from the hospital health records of 95 children ages 6–14 years. Descriptive analysis indicated that sexually abused child victims’ ages were significantly associated with different types of penetrations and mucosal tears or injuries (p < 0.05). These findings highlighted the need for increased awareness about the different types of physical trauma associated with the ages of the child victims.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 travel-associated cases in Vojvodina, Serbia, during 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261840
Author(s):  
Tatjana Pustahija ◽  
Mioljub Ristić ◽  
Snežana Medić ◽  
Vladimir Vuković ◽  
Mirjana Štrbac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently the biggest public health problem worldwide. Intensive international travel and tourism have greatly contributed to its rapid global spreading. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of the travel-associated COVID-19 cases in Vojvodina, Serbia, from March 6 to December 31, 2020 and it concerns permanent residents of Serbia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the dedicated surveillance database of the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina. Overall, 650 travel-associated COVID-19 cases were recorded in Vojvodina during the observed period, mainly imported from Bosnia and Herzegovina, followed by Austria and Germany (N = 195, 30%; N = 79, 12.15% and N = 75, 11.54%, respectively). The majority of cases were in the working-age groups, 18–44 and 45–64 years (56.46% and 34.15%, respectively). Overall, 54 (8.31%) patients developed pneumonia. In comparison to patients without pneumonia, those with pneumonia were older (mean age = 55.39 years vs. 41.34 years, p<0.01) and had a higher percentage of comorbidities (57.41% vs. 16.61%). Men were more likely to develop pneumonia than women (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.14–4.30, p = 0.02), as well as those in retired-age group (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 2.0–8.46, p<0.01). Obesity (OR = 14.40; 95% CI: 3.8–54.6, p<0.01), diabetes (OR = 9.82; 95% CI: 3.15–30.61, p<0.01) and hypertension (OR = 7.99; 95% CI: 3.98–16.02, p<0.01) were the most prominent main comorbidities as predictors of pneumonia. Our results represent general epidemiological and clinical dynamics of COVID-19 disease in Vojvodina. Also, they provide evidence that the predictors of pneumonia were: increasing age, male sex, having underlying comorbidities, an increasing number of days from the return to laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.12, p<0.01), as well as an increasing number of days from symptoms onset to diagnosis (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07–1.21, p<0.01), while anosmia and ageusia were protective factors for developing it (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.79, p = 0.01).

scholarly journals Generation, Gender and Knowledge Gap in Agrobiodiversity Among Smallholders in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Deepak Upadhya ◽  
Bishnu Dhakal ◽  
Rajeev Dhakal ◽  
Devendra Gauchan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The importance of generation-old local knowledge in advancing agriculture is well recognized worldwide. However, such knowledge is continually eroding together with the extinction of locally evolved genetic materials. Consequently, the knowledge gap between different age groups is widening. The knowledge gap is also widening between male and female due to continuous shift in gender roles in agriculture. Using responses collected from 120 male and female farmers from Bara, the lowland Terai of Nepal, we assessed inter-generational and gender-based knowledge gap of smallholders on agricultural biodiversity by taking rice crop as an example. Based on the standard definition of younger and older generation, the age group was divided into two: &le; 34 (15-34) years old and &gt; 34 years old. Information was collected on: i) rice varieties recalled by respondents, ii) rice varieties recognized by observing standing crop on-farm, iii) rice varieties recognized by observing seed samples, and iv) respondent&rsquo;s experiences and knowledge about selected cultivars. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and Pearson&rsquo;s Correlation were used to analyze the data. Respondents of age group &gt; 34 years old named and identified significantly (p &lt; 0.01) more varieties than age group &le; 34 in overall, indicating that the older generation is more knowledgeable and the knowledge hasn&rsquo;t been adequately inherited to younger generations resulting in the erosion of knowledge. Similarly, males are significantly more knowledgeable than females in overall and among the higher age group category (p &lt; 0.01), likely because males from Madhesi community have wider social networks both within and outside their villages than females. Females are more knowledgeable than males in the lower age group category because girls are engaged more in household chores and farming activities, while boys attain higher grades and travel for off-farm jobs. There was a strong correlation among the three techniques, namely, naming, recognizing standing crops, and recognizing the seeds (p &lt; 0.01). This suggests that all the techniques are robust and can be interchangeably used for such type of studies depending on time and resource availability. This study finally infers that proper knowledge transfer is necessary to reduce the gulf of the knowledge gap between males and females as well as between generations if agrobiodiversity is to be conserved and utilized for growth and development of agriculture in the long run.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil between 2008 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Akira Ramos Takahashi ◽  
Saulo Barros Teixeira ◽  
Giovanna Zambo Galafassi ◽  
Maria Beatriz Almeida Silva ◽  
Victoria Fernandez Comprido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a public health problem with high economic impact, as well as an important cause of death and sequela in polytrauma patients, affecting mainly young adults. Objective To analyze the temporal trend of TBI incidence in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, according to age group and gender. Methods An ecological study, based on secondary data from hospital admissions for TBI in all Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019. The numbers were collected using the hospital information system of the Unified Health System in Brazil. We performed a descriptive analysis using the data obtained. Linear regression models were used to measure the incidence trend of TBI in the period adopted. Results The state of Piauí had the highest increase in the incidence of TBI in the country in the last 10 years (coefficient β = 63.43 e p = 0.002). The main concern, though, is the increase in the incidence of TBI amongst children (0–4 years old) in the states of Ceará (β = 31.22 and p < 0.001 for boys; β = 42.20 and p < 0.001 for girls), Paraná (β = 37.26 and p = 0.011 for boys; β = 25.90 and p = 0.015 for girls), Pernambuco (β = 20.08 and p = 0.016 for girls), Mato Grosso (β = 18.76 and p = 0.005 for boys; β = 16.11 and p = 0.035 for girls), and Distrito Federal (β = 48.87 and p = 0.004 for girls; β = 48.28 and p = 0.006 for boys). Conclusion The analysis of the results is able to point out improvements that can be made. Besides that, it is remarkably important to redirect public polices to preventive medicine since many of the TBI causes are avoidable through awareness and education of the population.

scholarly journals The malaria burden of Amerindian groups of three Venezuelan states: A descriptive study based on programmatic data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Gabaldon-Figueira ◽  
Carlos Chaccour ◽  
Jorge E Moreno ◽  
Maria Villegas ◽  
Leopoldo Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Indigenous Groups

Abstract Background: Fifty-three percent of all cases of malaria in the Americas in 2019 came from Venezuela, where the epidemic is heavily focused south of the Orinoco river, and where most of the country’s Amerindian groups live. Despite the disease is known to represent a significant public health problem among these populations, little epidemiological data exists on the subject. This study aims to provide information on malaria incidence, geospatial clustering, and risk factors associated to Plasmodium falciparum infection among these groups.Methods: This is a descriptive study based on the analysis of published and unpublished programmatic data collected by Venezuelan health authorities and non-government organizations between 2014 and 2018. The Annual Parasite Index among indigenous groups (API-i) in municipalities of three states: Amazonas, Bolivar and Sucre was calculated and compared using the Kruskal Wallis test, risk factors for P. falciparum infection were identified via binomial logistic regression and maps were constructed to identify clusters of malaria cases among indigenous patients via Moran’s I and Getis-Ord’s hot spot analysis.Results: 116,097 cases of malaria in Amerindian groups were registered during the study period. An increasing trend was observed between 2014 and 2016 but reverted in 2018. Malaria incidence remains higher than in 2014 and hot spots were identified in the three states, although more importantly south of Bolivar. Most cases (73.3%) were caused by P. vivax, but the Hoti and Yanomami indigenous groups presented higher odds for infection with P. falciparum.Conclusion: Malaria cases among Amerindian populations increased between 2014 and 2018 and seem to have a different geographic distribution as those among the general population. Our findings suggest that tailored, cost-effective interventions will be needed to curb the negative impact of malaria transmission in these groups. Attention to the Hoti and Yanomami should be prioritized.

scholarly journals CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi P ◽  
Dharshini M ◽  
Priyadharshini R
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Data Manipulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Women In India

— The main objective of this paper is to analyze the crime which entails various violations against women both quantitatively and qualitatively. Crime Against Women is a public health Problem. A deep analysis is made on Crime against women which will be helpful in understanding the depth of the problem and to take further steps to stop crime against women in India. Crime against women in India is Increasing rapidly and it is essential to get rid of this problem. The main aim is to analyze and find insights using data manipulation and visualization techniques by applying various tools of analytics and giving a clear idea about the data and forecasting or predicting the future crime rate by using the past data. Descriptive analysis using various charts & graphs will be undertaken to perform data visualization which helps to draw valid conclusions.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic brucellosis eleven-year audit from a tertiary hospital in Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05.1) ◽  
pp. 042S-050S
Author(s):  
Lilit Sargsyan ◽  
Karapet Davtyan ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
Samvel Gasparyan ◽  
Vladimir Davidyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Acute Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: The incidence of brucellosis in Armenia in 2010 was twice as high as in other countries of the Caucasian region and has almost doubled over the last three decades. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with acute or chronic forms of presentation of human brucellosis. Methodology: Retrospective study using data from medical records of 455 patients hospitalized for the first time at the Nork Republican Infectious Disease Referral Hospital in Yerevan, Armenia between the years 2006 and 2016. We undertook descriptive analysis of cases, compared acute and chronic cases, and identified factors associated with acute and chronic cases using regression. Results: The majority of brucellosis cases had acute case presentation (73.0%), were males (70.3%), between the ages of 20-60 years (66.2%) and unemployed (89.9%). About two-thirds of cases reported a history of consumption of raw unpasteurized milk. The multivariate analysis revealed that factors associated with the form of brucellosis were age, symptom duration preadmission, fever, antibody titer, and hospitalization outcomes. Conclusion: This study revealed that brucellosis is unevenly distributed across different age groups, as well as regions of Armenia. Affected individuals did not seek medical attention after the onset of the symptoms for about 2 months. Therefore, the targeted educational campaigns could be of crucial importance to prevent the disease in humans, contribute to its early diagnosis and treatment.

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