scholarly journals Through Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Original Properties of Neural Pathways of Patients with Partial Seizures and Secondary Generalization by Individual Anatomic Reference Atlas

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syu-Jyun Peng ◽  
Tomor Harnod ◽  
Jang-Zern Tsai ◽  
Chien-Chun Huang ◽  
Ming-Dou Ker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neocortical Seizures

To investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in neocortical epilepsy, we extract supratentorial WM parameters from raw tensor magnetic resonance images (MRI) with automated region-of-interest (ROI) registrations. Sixteen patients having neocortical seizures with secondarily generalised convulsions and 16 age-matched normal subjects were imaged with high-resolution and diffusion tensor MRIs. Automated demarcation of supratentorial fibers was accomplished with personalized fiber-labeled atlases. From the individual atlases, we observed significant elevation of mean diffusivity (MD) in fornix (cres)/stria terminalis (FX/ST) and sagittal stratum (SS) and a significant difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) among FX/ST, SS, posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR). For patients with early-onset epilepsy, the diffusivities of the SS and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule were significantly elevated, and the anisotropies of the FX/ST and SS were significantly decreased. In the drug-resistant subgroup, the MDs of SS and PTR and the FAs of SS and PLIC were significantly different. Onset age was positively correlated with increases in FAs of the genu of the corpus callosum. Patients with neocortical seizures and secondary generalisation had microstructural anomalies in WM. The changes in WM are relevant to early onset, progression, and severity of epilepsy.

Axonal loss of white matter in migraine without aura: A tract-based spatial statistics study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahua Yu ◽  
Kai Yuan ◽  
Wei Qin ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Minghao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Tract Based Spatial Statistics

Aim Multiple diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived indices may help to deduce the pathophysiological type of white matter (WM) changes and provide more specific biomarkers of WM neuropathology in the whole brain of migraine patients without aura (MWoA). Methods Twenty MWoA and 20 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy volunteers participated in this study. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was employed to investigate the WM abnormalities in MWoA by integrating multiple indices, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). Results Compared with healthy controls, MWoA showed significantly lower FA, MD and AD in multiple brain regions, whereas no difference in RD was observed. Specifically, the overlap among the lower FA, MD, and AD was found in the genu, body, and splenium part of the corpus callosum (CC), the right anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) and the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) in MWoA compared with healthy controls. Additionally, some of the above WM findings were significantly correlated with duration and headache frequency in MWoA. Conclusion Given that decreased AD may suggest axonal loss, our findings may reveal axonal loss in MWoA.

White Matter Changes in OCD Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle ◽  
Ivanei E. Bramati ◽  
Jorge Moll ◽  
Mauro V. Mendlowicz ◽  
Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its relationship to severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.MethodsConventional and diffusion tensor imaging were acquired in nine patients with OCD and nine gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were investigated using selected regions of interest (ROIs) analyses and whole brain tract-based spatial statistic analyses. A priori ROIs were placed bilaterally in internal capsule (IC), superior longitudinal fascicule (SLF), cingulate bundle (CB), and corpus calosum (CC).ResultsROIs analyses showed that, as compared to healthy volunteers, patients with OCD exhibited reduced FA values bilaterally in regions of the posterior limb of the IC and in the SLF and increased MD values bilaterally in the posterior limb of the IC, in the left CB, and in the splenium of CC. Voxelwise analysis showed that, as compared to controls, patients with OCD exhibited reduced FA and increased MD in regions of the cortical spinal tract (genu and posterior limb of internal capsule and corona radiata) and the SLF. Severity of OCD correlated with WM alterations in different brain regions, ie, the left (rho=0.70 [MD]) and right (rho=0.70 [MD]) anterior limb of the IC, the left (rho=0.97 [MD]) and right SLF (rho=0.81 [MD]), and the genu of CC (rho=0.66 [MD]; rho=-0.69 [FA]).ConclusionOur findings support the involvement of different WM tracts in OCD and suggest that greater impairment in WM integrity is associated with increased severity of OCD symptoms.

scholarly journals Diffusiontensor MRI tractography in patients with children’s cerebral palsy: assessment of structural lesions of conduction tracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Ermolina ◽  
L. S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
A. M. Mamedyarov ◽  
A. V. Anikin ◽  
O. I. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Diffusivity Coefficient ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. The application of diffusion-tensor (DT)-MRI tractography in patients with children S cerebral palsy (CP) allows to establish pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of motor and sensory impairments, to perform a clinical and neuroimaging comparison, as well as to determine correlations between lesions of the conduction tracts and neurological deficits. Aim. For the determination of changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity coefficient (MDC), obtained with DT-MRI in the corticospinal and sensory tracts, structures of the corpus callosum in spastic forms of CP. Materials and methods. There were examined 105 children with spastic forms of CP (spastic tetraparesis - 47, spastic diplegia - 38, hemiparetic form - 20) and 50 children without neurological deficit, at the age of 2-18 years. In all CP patients the severity of motor deficit was evaluated according to Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). DT-MRI was performed in all cases with the use of devices of General Electric (US), under magnetic field strength of 1.5T and 3T, with the calculation of the FA and the MDC in areas of interest - cerebral peduncles the brain stem, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, posterior thalamic radiation, postcentral gyrus, the thalamus. Results. There was established the distribution of children according to the GMFCS scale: I - 14 (13,4%), II - 19 (18,1%), III - 20 (19%), IV- 10 (9,5%), V- 42 (40%) cases. The severity of motor impairment on the GMFCS scale closely correlated with the values of FA and ADC in cerebral peduncles, posterior limb of the internal capsule, posterior thalamic radiance, genu of the corpus callosum. Conclusion. DT-MRI enables to assess adequately the changes in the white matter of the brain, structural andfunctional state of the motor and sensory conduction tracts, gives a possibility to predict the development of a child with CP.

scholarly journals Demyelination and remyelination detected in an alternative cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Ding ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Xiaoya Chen ◽  
Silin Du ◽  
Yongliang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying demyelination and remyelination with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an alternative cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty mice were divided into six groups (n = 10, each), and these groups were imaged with 7.0 T multiparameter MRI and treated with an alternative CPZ administration schedule. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to compare the splenium of the corpus callosum (sCC) among the groups. Prussian blue and Luxol fast blue staining were performed to assess pathology. The correlations of the mean grayscale value (mGSV) of the pathology results and the MRI metrics were analyzed to evaluate the multiparameter MRI results. One-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison showed that the normalized T2WI (T2-nor), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) values were significantly different among the six groups, while the mean phase (Φ) value of SWI was not significantly different among the groups. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the T2-nor and mGSV was higher than that among the other values. The correlations among the FA, RD, MD, and mGSV remained instructive. In conclusion, ultrahigh-field multiparameter MRI can reflect the pathological changes associated with and the underlying mechanisms of demyelination and remyelination in MS after the successful establishment of an acute CPZ-induced model.

Pituitary volume in children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature and controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Kessler ◽  
Michael Tenner ◽  
Michael Frey ◽  
Richard Noto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Idiopathic Short Stature ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackground:The objective of the study was to describe the pituitary volume (PV) in pediatric patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), idiopathic short stature (ISS) and normal controls.Methods:Sixty-nine patients (57 male, 12 female), with a mean age of 11.9 (±2.0), were determined to have IGHD. ISS was identified in 29 patients (20 male, 9 female), with a mean age of 12.7 (±3.7). Sixty-six controls (28 female, 38 male), mean age 9.8 (±4.7) were also included. Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance images with contrast were obtained to accurately measure PV.Results:There was a significant difference in the mean PV among the three groups. The IGHD patients had a mean PV 230.8 (±89.6), for ISS patients it was 286.8 (±108.2) and for controls it was 343.7 (±145.9) (p<0.001). There was a normal increase in PV with age in the ISS patients and controls, but a minimal increase in the IGHD patients.Conclusions:Those patients with isolated GHD have the greatest reduction in PV compared to controls and the patients with ISS fall in between. We speculate that a possible cause for the slowed growth in some ISS patients might be related to diminished chronic secretion of growth hormone over time, albeit having adequate pituitary reserves to respond acutely to GH stimulation. Thus, what was called neurosecretory GHD in the past, might, in some patients, be relative pituitary hypoplasia and resultant diminished growth hormone secretion. Thus, PV determinations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could assist in the diagnostic evaluation of the slowly growing child.

Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter in patients with myotonic dystrophy

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fukuda ◽  
J. Horiguchi ◽  
C. Ono ◽  
T. Ohshita ◽  
J. Takaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Control Subjects

Purpose: To determine whether myotonic dystrophy (MyD) patients have diffusion tensor abnormalities suggestive of microstructural changes in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM). Material and Methods: Conventional and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images of the brain were obtained in 19 MyD patients and 19 age‐matched normal control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values were calculated in white matter lesions (WMLs) and NAWM in MyD patients and in the white matter of normal control subjects. Differences between WML and NAWM values and between MyD patient and control subject values were analyzed statistically. Results: Significantly lower FA and higher MD values were found in all regions of interest in the NAWM of MyD patients than in the white matter of control subjects ( P<0.01), as well as significantly lower FA and higher MD values in WMLs than in NAWM of MyD patients ( P<0.05). There was no significant correlation of mean FA or MD values in NAWM with patient age, age at onset, or duration of illness ( P>0.1). Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging analysis suggests the presence of diffuse microstructural changes in NAWM of MyD patients that may play an important role in the development of disability.

Abstract WP366: Quantitative Diffusion Tensor Tractography of the Corticospinal Tract as a Predictive Outcome Parameter in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Volbers ◽  
Angelika Mennecke ◽  
Nicola Kästle ◽  
Hagen B Huttner ◽  
Stefan Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Posterior Limb

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with poor outcome. Established predictive markers include initial hematoma size, clinical status, intraventricular bleeding and age. However, prognostic assessment is often difficult which additionally burdens patients and caregivers and complicates rehabilitation. Functional outcome especially relies on motor function which is correlated with the integrity of the Corticospinal Tract (CST). Diffusion Tensor (DT) Tractography allows visualization of the CST. However, sufficient data about the prognostic impact of quantitative CST assessment is lacking. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH admitted between 08/2012 und 08/2015. Informed consent and ethical approval was obtained. MRI scan was performed on day 5±1. DT data was normalized to MNI Space and Q-Space diffeomorphic reconstruction was performed using DSI-studio. CST was reconstructed based on quantitative anisotropy (QA) using the CST region (JHU white matter atlas) as seeding region and cerebral peduncle as region of interest (ROI). Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and QA were analyzed in the seeding and ROI region and in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). Dichotomized modified Rankin Scale on day 90 (favorable outcome = mRS 0-2) was assessed as primary outcome variable. Results: 33 patients, mean age 70.7 y (standard deviation (SD) 12.9), 12 male, 21 with lobar hemorrhage, mean ICH volume on admission 16.5 (SD 11.3) cm 3 were included. 16 patients had a favorable outcome on day 90 (median mRS 3 (IQR 1-3.5). Mean number of reconstructed CST fiber pathways ipsilateral to ICH was higher in patients with favorable outcome (11343 (SD 8201)) than in patients with unfavorable outcome (4868 (SD 3221), p=0.008). Median QA and FA values in the PLIC ipsilateral to ICH were also higher in patients with favorable outcome (QA: 18.9 (IQR 16.2-23.3) vs. 14.6 (IQR 11.7 - 17.7), p=0.016, FA: 0.49 (IQR 0.45-0.53) vs. 0.41 (IQR 0.38-0.49), p=0.026). Conclusion: Higher FA- and QA-values in the PLIC and higher numbers of CST fiber pathways ipsilateral to ICH seem to be associated with a favorable outcome. DT Imaging may turn out as a useful quantitative predictive marker in the acute phase of ICH.

Nerve Hypertrophy and Altered Diffusion in Anti-Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Neuropathy Detected by Brachial Plexus Magnetic Resonance Neurography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Koide ◽  
Atsuhiko Sugiyama ◽  
Hajime Yokota ◽  
Hiroki Mukai ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Neurography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This study assessed the morphological changes and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived parameters of the brachial plexus using magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in patients with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eight patients with anti-MAG neuropathy underwent MRN of the brachial plexus with 3-dimensional (3D) short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and DTI sequences. Two neuroradiologists and a neurologist qualitatively assessed nerve hypertrophy on 3D STIR MRN. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the nerve roots was measured. Quantitative analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial, radial, and mean diffusivity (AD, RD, and MD) were obtained after postprocessing on DTI and manual segmentation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was nerve hypertrophy in 37.5% of the patients with anti-MAG neuropathy. All patients with anti-MAG neuropathy with nerve hypertrophy were refractory to rituximab therapy. The CSA of the nerve roots was inversely correlated with FA and positively correlated with MD and RD. FA decreased in the nerve roots and inversely correlated with disease duration. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Nerve hypertrophy appears in the proximal portion of peripheral nerves, such as the brachial plexus, in patients with anti-MAG neuropathy. Altered diffusion in the nerve roots might be associated with the loss of myelin integrity due to the demyelination process in anti-MAG neuropathy.

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