Decolorization of Distillery Spent Wash Using Biopolymer Synthesized byPseudomonas aeruginosaIsolated from Tannery Effluent

A bacterial strain was isolated from tannery effluent which can tolerate high concentrations of potassium dichromate up to 1000 ppm. The isolated microorganism was identified asPseudomonas aeruginosaby performing biochemical tests and molecular characterization. In the presence of excess of carbohydrate source, which is a physiological stress, this strain produces Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This intracellular polymer, which is synthesized, is primarily a product of carbon assimilation and is employed by microorganisms as an energy storage molecule to be metabolized when other common energy sources are limitedly available. Efforts were taken to check whether the PHB has any positive effect on spent wash decolorization. When a combination of PHB and the isolated bacterial culture was added to spent wash, a maximum color removal of 92.77% was found which was comparatively higher than the color removed when the spent wash was treated individually with the PHB andPseudomonas aeruginosa. PHB behaved as a support material for the bacteria to bind to it and thus develops biofilm, which is one of the natural physiological growth forms of microorganisms. The bacterial growth in the biofilm and the polymer together acted in synergy, adsorbing and coagulating the pollutants in the form of color pigments.

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Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by OprD Gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that Isolated from Clinical Samples

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.9.1.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 46-50

Author(s):

Ashwak B Al-Hashimy ◽

Huda S Alagely ◽

Akeel K Albuaji ◽

Khalid R Majeed

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

General Hospital ◽

Culture Media ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Molecular Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Pseudomonas Species ◽

Specific Sequences

The present study included the collection of 100 samples from various clinical sources for investigating the presence of P. aeruginosa in those sources, the samples have been collected from some hospitals in Baghdad and Hillah city (Al-qassim General Hospital, ,Al-hillah teaching hospital,and Al-hashimya General hospital ) which included wounds, burns, ear and sputum infections. The study was carried out through October 2017 till the end of March 2018. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing or number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to P.aeruginosa bacteria during previous tests based on the OprD gene which has specific sequences for P.aeruginosa bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance . The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 18 of burns, 11 isolates of wounds, 6 isolates of ear infection and 3 isolates of sputum, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for elected 38 isolation towards the 9 antibiotic by a Bauer - Kirby and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as Ciprofloxacin 65.7%, Norflaxacin 71%, Imipenem 63.1% Meropenem 68.4%, Gentamicin 65.7%, Amikacin 26.3%, Cefepime 68.4%, Ceftazidime 65.7% and Piperacillin 57.8%.Molecular method , All isolates (38) of P. aeruginosa positive for the diagnostic special gene (OprD) genes (100%).

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The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i2.13649 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽

Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽

Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Concentration ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Doxycycline Treatment ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Physiological Tests ◽

Animal House ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

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Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater using the UASB-technology

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.732 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

I. Urban ◽

D. Weichgrebe ◽

K.-H. Rosenwinkel

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emission ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Relevant Effect ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

High Concentrations ◽

New Applications ◽

Uasb Reactors ◽

Positive Effect

The anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater enables new applications for the reuse of wastewater. The effluent could be used for irrigation as the included nutrients are not affected by the treatment. Much more interesting now are renewable energies and the retrenchment of CO2 emission. With the anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater, not only can the CO2 emission be reduced but “clean” energy supply can be gained by biogas. Most important for the sustainability of this process is the gathering of methane from the liquid effluent of the reactor, because the negative climate-relevant effect from the degassing methane is much higher than the positive effect from saving CO2 emission. In this study, UASB reactors were used with a flocculent sludge blanket for the biodegradation of the carbon fraction in the wastewater with different temperatures and concentrations. It could be shown that the positive effect is much higher for municipal wastewater with high concentrations in hot climates.

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Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1754

Author(s):

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽

Marco Carnevale Miino ◽

Francesca Maria Caccamo ◽

Marco Baldi ◽

Alessandro Abbà

Keyword(s):

Uptake Rate ◽

High Strength ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Full Scale ◽

A Value ◽

Nitrogen Uptake Rate ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Input Load ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Sludge Production

To date, the management of high-strength wastewater represents a serious problem. This work aims to evaluate the performance on chemical pollutants and on sludge production of one of the two full-scale thermophilic membrane bioreactors (ThMBRs) currently operational in Italy, based on monitoring data of the last two and a half years. Removal yields on COD, N-NOx, non-ionic and anionic surfactants (TAS and MBAS), increased with the input load up to 81.9%, 97.6%, 94.7%, and 98.4%, respectively. In the period of stability, a very low value of sludge production (0.052 kgVS kgCOD−1) was observed. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests allowed us to exclude the possibility that mesophilic biomass generally exhibited any acute inhibition following contact with the aqueous residues (ARs), except for substrates that presented high concentrations of perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS), cyanides and chlorides. In one case, nitrifying activity was partially inhibited by high chlorides and PFAS concentration, while in another the substrate determined a positive effect, stimulating the phenomenon of nitrification. Nitrogen uptake rate (NUR) tests highlighted the feasibility of reusing the organic carbon contained in the substrate as a source in denitrification, obtaining a value comparable with that obtained using the reference solution with methanol. Therefore, respirometric tests proved to be a valid tool to assess the acute effect of AR of ThMBR on the activity of mesophilic biomass in the case of recirculation.

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Isolation, Identification And Prevalence Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Clinical And Environmental Sources In Onitsha Metropolis, Anambra State

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.2.188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

C. O. Ezeador ◽

P. C. Ejikeugwu ◽

S. N. Ushie ◽

N. R. Agbakoba

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Nasal Swab ◽

Blood Agar ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Anambra State ◽

Mueller Hinton ◽

Bluish Green ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar

This study was aimed to isolate and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to determine the prevalence rate of isolated P. aeruginosa in Hospitals in Onitsha. Isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from both clinical and environmental sources using Cetrimide agar, Blood agar, Mueller-Hinton agar and MacConkey agar. All the inoculated plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours and growth was evaluated on these media. Isolates were identified on the basis of standard bacteriological methods like morphology, colonial characteristics, smell in culture, haemolysis, as well as pigment production on these media. All suspected isolates were further characterized and identified by many biochemical reactions. Results revealed that only 22 (18.3%) isolates were P. aeruginosa, while other 98 (81.7%) represented other bacterial genera. The 22 isolates included 19 (86.4%) environmental isolates and 3 (13.6%) clinical isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most commonly isolated from sink (13.6%), then mops and cleaning buckets (9.1%) and least from theatre bed, nasal swab, floor, disinfectant, ear and wound swab (4.5%). The pigment varied from bluish-green to yellowish-green with a grape-like odor. All isolates were Gram negative, produced β-hemolysis on blood agar and were motile. The biochemical tests showed all the isolates to be strongly positive for catalase, oxidase, citrate, and casein hydrolysis. The prevalence rate of P. aeruginosa is relatively high and its isolation from sources like sinks and theatre bed could be suggestive of the role of this pathogen in nosocomial infections.

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Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia catappa brown leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.15998.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ovin Qonita Allyn ◽

Eko Kusumawati ◽

Rudy Agung Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Dried Extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various concentration ofTerminalia catappabrown leaves extract which can inhibit the growth ofStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 andPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853. The crushed-brown leaves ofTerminalia catappawas extracted using 95% ethanol, filtered, and evaporated. The driedT. catappaextract was used to identify phytochemical content qualitatively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured quantitatively from dried extract. The dried extracts were also dissolved in sterile aquadest and serial dilutions were prepared to final concentration of 30, 60 and 90%. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of ethanol extract of brown leaves ofT. catappa. Inhibition zone diameter was measured to determine antibacterial activity. Gentamycin sulfate and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Dried ethanolic extract of brownT. catappaleaves contained flavonoid, quinon, phenolic, triterpenoid, and tannin. A total of 208.722 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract of total phenolic and 35.7671 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract of total flavonoid were also found in the dried extract. The inhibition zone diameters of ethanolic extracts ranged from 1.73 to 9.06 mm (S. aureus) and from 1.83 to 6.5 mm (P. aeruginosa). The higher concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameters for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of extract (90%) thanS. aureus. Ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappahad different antibacterial effects againstS. aureusandP. aeruginosa. The higher the concentration of extract, the wider the inhibition zone diameter for both bacteria.P. aeruginosawas more resistant to high concentrations of ethanolic extracts of the brown leaves ofT. catappa.

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Detection of endotoxins with the Limulus test in burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gramnegative bacteria

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400047112 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 99-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. J. Jones ◽

E. A. Roe ◽

R. E. Dyster

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Very High ◽

Limulus Test

SUMMARYThe Limulus test detected endotoxins in the plasma of burned and unburned mice infected with different species of gram-negative bacteria. Individual strains of different species of gram-negative bacteria produced different amounts of endotoxin in the plasma of infected mice. Plasma from mice given lethal infections showed very high concentrations of endotoxin. Low concentrations of endotoxin in the plasma were tolerated by mice but high concentrations were invariably fatal. A polyvalent pseudomonas vaccine reduced endotoxin in the plasma of mice given lethal infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Use of Oligonucleotide Array for Identification of Six Foodborne Pathogens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Grown on Selective Media

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.11.2278 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 2278-2286 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MIAO CHU LIN ◽

AY HUEY HUANG ◽

HAU YANG TSEN ◽

HIN-CHUNG WONG ◽

TSUNG CHAIN CHANG

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Oligonucleotide Array ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Nylon Membrane ◽

Selective Media ◽

Species Specific

Identification of presumptive foodborne pathogens grown on selective media may take one to several days and requires a different battery of biochemical tests for each microorganism. A molecular identification method was developed in which universal primers were used to amplify the 16S to 23S rDNA intergenic spacer of target microorganisms, and PCR products were hybridized to a panel of species-specific oligonucleotides that were immobilized on a nylon membrane. The seven target microorganisms were Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. After testing a large collection of target bacteria (29 to 51 strains) and nontarget bacteria (>500 strains), the performances (sensitivity and specificity) of the oligonucleotide array were as follows: B. cereus (100 and 77%), E. coli (100 and 100%), L. monocytogenes (100 and 90%), P. aeruginosa (100 and 100%), Salmonella (100 and 100%), S. aureus (100 and 100%), and V. parahaemolyticus (100 and 94.2%). Other species in the B. cereus group cross-hybridized to the probes used for identification of B. cereus, and positive results should be confirmed by additional morphological observation of colonies. Listeria innocua cross-reacted with probes used to identify L. monocytogenes, but a simple hemolysis test was used to differentiate the two species. Some strains of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio mimicus cross-hybridized with probes used for identification of V. parahaemolyticus and caused false-positive reactions. The advantage of the array is that a common protocol was used to identify the seven target microorganisms and multiple different microorganisms could be simultaneously identified on a single array.

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Tobramycin Inhalation Powder (TIP): An Efficient Treatment Strategy for the Management of Chronic Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection in Cystic Fibrosis

Clinical Medicine Insights Circulatory Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.4137/ccrpm.s10592 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. CCRPM.S10592 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

John Lam ◽

Steven Vaughan ◽

Michael D. Parkins

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Treatment Strategy ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Adaptive Resistance ◽

Inhaled Antibiotics ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Inhalation Powder

Repeated bouts of acute and chronic lung infections are responsible for progressive pulmonary function decline in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), ultimately leading to respiratory failure and death. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the archetypical CF pathogen, causes chronic infection in 70% of individuals, and is associated with an accelerated clinical decline. The management of P. aeruginosa in CF has been revolutionized with the development and widespread use of inhaled antibiotics. Aerosol delivery of antimicrobial compounds in CF enables extremely high concentrations of antibiotics to be reached directly at the site of infection potentially overcoming adaptive resistance and avoiding the potential for cumulative systemic toxicities. Tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP) represents the first dry powder inhaled (DPI) antibiotic available for use in CF. DPIs are notable for a markedly reduced time for administration, ease of portability, and increased compliance. TIP has been developed as a therapeutic alternative to tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS), the standard of care for the past 20 years within CF. Relative to TIS 300 mg nebulized twice daily in on-and-off cycles of 28 days duration, TIP 112 mg twice daily via the T-326 inhaler administered on the same schedule is associated with marked time savings, increased patient satisfaction, and comparable clinical end points. TIP represents an innovative treatment strategy for those individuals with CF and holds the promise of increased patient compliance and thus the potential for improved clinical outcomes.

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