Effects of Boron Nutrition and Water Stress on Nitrogen Fixation, Seedδ15N andδ13C Dynamics, and Seed Composition in Soybean Cultivars Differing in Maturities

Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of foliar B nutrition on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars under water stress conditions. A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted using different maturity group (MG) cultivars. Plants were well-watered with no foliar B (W − B), well-watered with foliar B (W + B), water-stressed with no foliar B (WS − B), and water-stressed with foliar B (WS + B). Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg·ha−1and was applied twice at flowering and at seed-fill stages. The results showed that seed protein, sucrose, fructose, and glucose were higher in W + B treatment than in W − B, WS + B, and WS − B. The increase in protein in W + B resulted in lower seed oil, and the increase of oleic in WS − B or WS + B resulted in lower linolenic acid. Foliar B resulted in higher nitrogen fixation and water stress resulted in seedδ15N andδ13C alteration. Increased stachyose indicated possible physiological and metabolic changes in carbon and nitrogen pathways and their sources under water stress. This research is beneficial to growers for fertilizer management and seed quality and to breeders to use15N/14N and13C/12C ratios and stachyose to select for drought tolerance soybean.

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Effects of Harvest-Aids on Seed Nutrition in Soybean under Midsouth USA Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9081007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1007

Author(s):

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

H. Arnold Bruns ◽

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Daniel K. Fisher ◽

Alemu Mengistu

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Sodium Chlorate ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Seed Composition ◽

Seed Fill ◽

Harvest Efficiency

Interest in using harvest aids (defoliants or crop desiccants) such as paraquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, glyphosate, and sodium chlorate (NaClO3) have become increasingly important to assure harvest efficiency, producer profit, and to maintain seed quality. However, information on the effects of harvest aids on seed nutrition (composition) (protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids) in soybean is very limited. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of harvest aids on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids in soybean. Our hypothesis was that harvest aid may influence seed nutrition, especially at R6 as at R6 the seeds may still undergo biochemical changes. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 under Midsouth USA environmental conditions in which harvest aids were applied at R6 (seed-fill) and R7 (yellow pods) growth stages. Harvest aids applied included an untreated control, 0.28 kg ai ha−1 of paraquat, 0.28 kg ai ha−1 of paraquat, and 1.015 kg ai ha−1 of carfentrazone-ethyl (AIM); 6.72 kg ai ha−1 sodium chlorate, 1.015 kg ai ha−1 carfentrazone-ethyl; and 2.0 kg ae ha−1 glyphosate. Results showed that the application of harvest aids at either R6 or R7 resulted in the alteration of some seed composition such as protein, oil, oleic acid, fructose, and little effects on amino acids. In addition, harvest aids affected seed composition constituents differently depending on year and growth stage. This research demonstrated the possible alteration of some nutrients by harvest aids. This research helps growers and scientists to advance the understanding and management of harvest aids and investigate possible effects of harvest aids on seed nutrition.

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Seed Composition and Seed Oil Antioxidant Activity of Maize Under Water Stress

Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society ◽

10.1007/s11746-010-1599-5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 87 (10) ◽

pp. 1179-1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Qasim Ali ◽

Muhammad Ashraf ◽

Farooq Anwar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Water Stress ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Seed Composition

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Effect of genotype and environment on seed quality in sweet narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03223 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 745 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Wallace A. Cowling ◽

Allen Tarr

Keyword(s):

Variance Component ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Field Trials ◽

Lupinus Angustifolius ◽

Quality Trait ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Oil Seed ◽

Seed Quality Traits

Seed quality of 6 sweet narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) cultivars was measured in 126 field trials in Western Australia over 11 years at 55 locations to determine the effect of locations (l), years (y), genotypes (g), and genotype × environment interactions on total seed alkaloids, seed oil, seed protein, seed size, and hectolitre weight. The variance component for g exceeded the sum of those for g × l, g × y, and g × l × y for all traits. The ranking of cultivars for each seed quality trait was fairly constant across years and locations. The largest variance component was l × y, which indicated that the ranking of locations for seed quality traits was unpredictable from year to year. There was a strong negative correlation between seed oil and seed protein across the 6 cultivars (r = –0.96, P < 0.01) and 126 experiments (r = –0.522, P < 0.001). Large seeds, produced at some experimental sites, were associated with high seed alkaloids and high seed oil. Seed quality traits were not associated with soil pH, latitude, or longitude of the experiments, but low pre-season rainfall was associated with higher hectolitre weight. This study indicates that it should be possible to identify genotypes with superior quality from relatively few field trials. Progress in breeding for protein and oil combined will be slowed by the strong negative genotypic correlation between the two traits.

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Effects of Charcoal Rot on Soybean Seed Composition in Soybean Genotypes That Differ in Charcoal Rot Resistance under Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1801

Author(s):

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Alemu Mengistu ◽

James R. Smith ◽

Hamed K. Abbas ◽

Cesare Accinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Seed Composition ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

The Impact ◽

Resistant Genotypes

Charcoal rot is a major disease of soybean (Glycine max) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and results in significant loss in yield and seed quality. The effects of charcoal rot on seed composition (seed protein, oil, and fatty acids), a component of seed quality, is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the impact of charcoal rot on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids in different soybean genotypes differing in their charcoal rot susceptibility under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, USA. Thirteen genotypes differing in charcoal rot resistance (moderately resistant and susceptible) were evaluated. Under non-irrigated conditions, moderately resistant genotypes showed either no change or increased protein and oleic acid but had lower linolenic acid. Under non-irrigated conditions, most of the susceptible genotypes showed lower protein and linolenic acid but higher oleic acid. Most of the moderately resistant genotypes had higher protein than susceptible genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions but lower oil than susceptible genotypes. The different responses among genotypes for protein, oil, oleic acid, and linolenic acid observed in each year may be due to both genotype tolerance to drought and environmental conditions, especially heat differences in each year (2012 was warmer than 2013). This research showed that the increases in protein and oleic acid and the decrease in linolenic acid may be a possible physiological mechanism underlying the plant’s responses to the charcoal rot infection. This research further helps scientists understand the impact of irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on seed nutrition changes, using resistant and susceptible genotypes.

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INFLUENCE OF WATER STRESS, PHOSPHORUS AND ZINC APPLICATIONS ON, SEED QUALITY AND SEED YIELD OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)

Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.21608/jssae.2012.53939 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 483-494

Author(s):

S. A. Hammad ◽

A. Y. Negm ◽

A. M. El-Ghamry ◽

M. A. Abou seada ◽

Z. A. Lashin

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Influence Of Water

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Genome Duplication in Soybean (Glycine subgenus soja)

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/144.1.329 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 144 (1) ◽

pp. 329-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R C Shoemaker ◽

K Polzin ◽

J Labate ◽

J Specht ◽

E C Brummer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Protein ◽

Genome Duplication ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Gene Families ◽

Soybean Genome ◽

Seed Composition ◽

Linkage Groups ◽

Mapping Data ◽

Or Gene ◽

Average Size

Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping data from nine populations (Glycine max × G. soja and G. max × G. max) of the Glycine subgenus soja genome led to the identification of many duplicated segments of the genome. Linkage groups contained up to 33 markers that were duplicated on other linkage groups. The size of homoeologous regions ranged from 1.5 to 106.4 cM, with an average size of 45.3 cM. We observed segments in the soybean genome that were present in as many as six copies with an average of 2.55 duplications per segment. The presence of nested duplications suggests that at least one of the original genomes may have undergone an additional round of tetraploidization. Tetraploidization, along with large internal duplications, accounts for the highly duplicated nature of the genome of the subgenus. Quantitative trait loci for seed protein and oil showed correspondence across homoeologous regions, suggesting that the genes or gene families contributing to seed composition have retained similar functions throughout the evolution of the chromosomes.

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Genome-wide association study identified candidate genes for seed size and seed composition improvement in M. truncatula

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83581-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhijuan Chen ◽

Vanessa Lancon-Verdier ◽

Christine Le Signor ◽

Yi-Min She ◽

Yun Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Study ◽

Protein Content ◽

Seed Size ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Seed Composition ◽

Seed Traits ◽

Genome Wide

AbstractGrain legumes are highly valuable plant species, as they produce seeds with high protein content. Increasing seed protein production and improving seed nutritional quality represent an agronomical challenge in order to promote plant protein consumption of a growing population. In this study, we used the genetic diversity, naturally present in Medicago truncatula, a model plant for legumes, to identify genes/loci regulating seed traits. Indeed, using sequencing data of 162 accessions from the Medicago HAPMAP collection, we performed genome-wide association study for 32 seed traits related to seed size and seed composition such as seed protein content/concentration, sulfur content/concentration. Using different GWAS and postGWAS methods, we identified 79 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) as regulating seed size, 41 QTNs for seed composition related to nitrogen (i.e. storage protein) and sulfur (i.e. sulfur-containing amino acid) concentrations/contents. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between seed size and protein content was revealed within the selected Medicago HAPMAP collection. In addition, several QTNs showed highly significant associations in different seed phenotypes for further functional validation studies, including one near an RNA-Binding Domain protein, which represents a valuable candidate as central regulator determining both seed size and composition. Finally, our findings in M. truncatula represent valuable resources to be exploitable in many legume crop species such as pea, common bean, and soybean due to its high synteny, which enable rapid transfer of these results into breeding programs and eventually help the improvement of legume grain production.

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