The Prevalence of Age-Related Eye Diseases and Cataract Surgery among Older Adults in the City of Lodz, Poland

Purpose.To determine the prevalence of age-related eye diseases and cataract surgery among older adults in the city of Lodz, in central Poland.Material and Methods.The study design was cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 1107 women and men of predominantly Caucasian origin were successfully enumerated and recruited for the study. All selected subjects were interviewed and underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations.Results.Overall 8.04% (95% CI 6.44–9.64) subjects had cataract surgery in either eye. After excluding subjects with bilateral cataract surgery, the prevalence of cataract was 12.10% (95% CI 10.18–14.03). AMD was found in 4.33% (95% CI 3.14–5.54 ) of all subjects. Of them 3.25% (95% CI 2.21–4.30 ) had early AMD and 1.08% (95% CI 0.47–1.69) had late AMD. Various types of glaucoma were diagnosed in 5.51% (95% CI 4.17–6.85) of subjects and 2.62% (95% CI 1.68–3.56) had OHT. The prevalence rates of DR and myopic macular degeneration were 1.72% (95% CI 0.95–2.48) and 0.45% (95% CI 0.06–0.85), respectively. All multiple logistic regression models were only significantly associated with older age. The highest rate of visual impairment was observed among subjects with retinal diseases.Conclusions.The study revealed high prevalence of age-related eye diseases in this older population.

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Self-reported vision and hallucinations in older adults: results from two longitudinal US health surveys

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afaa043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 843-849

Author(s):

Ali G Hamedani ◽

Dylan P Thibault ◽

Judy A Shea ◽

Allison W Willis

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Vision loss may be a risk factor for hallucinations, but this has not been studied at the population level. Methods To determine the association between self-reported vision loss and hallucinations in a large community-based sample of older adults, we performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of two large, nationally representative US health surveys: the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Visual impairment and hallucinations were self- or proxy-reported. Multivariate single and mixed effects logistic regression models were built to examine whether visual impairment and history of cataract surgery were associated with hallucinations. Results In NHATS (n = 1520), hallucinations were more prevalent in those who reported difficulty reading newspaper print (OR 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–2.39) or recognising someone across the street (OR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.86–3.31) after adjusting for confounders. In HRS (n = 3682), a similar association was observed for overall (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60), distance (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.32–1.96) and near eyesight difficulties (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.25–1.85). In neither sample was there a significant association between cataract surgery and hallucinations after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions Visual dysfunction is associated with increased odds of hallucinations in the older US adult population. This suggests that the prevention and treatment of vision loss may potentially reduce the prevalence of hallucinations in older adults.

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Prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-93042019000400013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 967-974 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Monteiro Santini ◽

Elisiane Souza Santos ◽

Luana Schneider Vianna ◽

João Marcos Bernardes ◽

Adriano Dias

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Predictive Variables ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The City ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Objectives: to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy, to identify and quantify the factors associated with gestational UI. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with women admitted for deliveries in all maternity wards in the city of Botucatu (São Paulo). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, based on the literature, containing questions about the occurrence of UI, its types, risk factors and moments when urinary losses occurred. Associations between UI and the predictive variables were analyzed with logistic regression models. Results: 950 women were interviewed, out of which 472 complained of urinary losses during pregnancy, resulting in a prevalence of 49.68% (CI95%= 46.51 - 52.86). The majority (61.8%) were classified as mixed UI. Among the covariates investigated, smoking (OR= 4.56), illicit drugs use (OR= 25.14), stimulant foods (OR= 1.84), constipation (OR=1.99), hypertensive disorders during gestation (OR= 3.23), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR= 2.89), parity (OR= 1.52) and previous caesarean sections (OR= 2.56) increased the chance of urinary losses during pregnancy. Conclusions: there was a high prevalence of UI during pregnancy. This condition was strongly associated with lifestyle habits and gestational morbidities. Finally, it is worth high-lighting the fact that delivery via caesarean section increased the chance of UI in subsequent pregnancies.

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Dual Effects of Hearing Loss and Dementia on Functional Limitations in Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.690 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 214-214

Author(s):

Michael McKee ◽

Yunshu Zhou ◽

Joshua Ehrlich ◽

Elham Mahmoudi ◽

Jennifer Deal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Self Care ◽

Household Activity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Lower Mobility ◽

Independent Effects ◽

The Impact

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (HL) is both common and associated with elevated risk for cognitive decline and poorer health. To care for an aging population, it is critical to understand the effect of coexisting HL and dementia on functional activities. The effect of co-existing dementia and self-reported HL on daily functioning were assessed. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationally-representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study consisting of U.S. adults 65+. The sample included 1,829 adults with HL (22.8%) and 5,338 adults without HL. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model the independent effects and interaction of self-reported HL and dementia status on three validated functional activity scales (self-care, mobility, and household). All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and medical factors. HL participants were more likely to be white, older, male, less educated (p <0.01). 8.4% had possible dementia and 6.5% had probable dementia. Respondents with HL or possible or probable dementia had significantly lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores (p<.001 for all comparisons) compared to their peers. A small yet significant interaction was present in all models, suggesting that HL respondents with co-occurring dementia had lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores than predicted by the independent effects of dementia and self-reported HL (p<.001 for all comparisons). Older adults with co-occurring dementia and HL are at increased risk for poor functioning and should be screened by healthcare providers. Future work should consider the impact of intervention in this vulnerable/at-risk population.

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Prevalence and Determinants of Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy, and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in the Older Outpatients: Findings from EuroAgeism H2020 ESR7 Project in Ethiopia

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14090844 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 844

Author(s):

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽

Mohammed Assen Seid ◽

Aynishet Adane ◽

Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽

Jovana Brkic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Inappropriate Medication ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Routine Practice ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inappropriate Medication Use ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sliding Scale

Few studies have been conducted on multimorbidity (two or more chronic diseases) and rational geriatric prescribing in Africa. This study examined the prevalence and determinants of multimorbidity, polypharmacy (five or more long-term medications), and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use according to the 2019 Beers criteria among the older adults attending chronic care clinics from a single institution in Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 randomly selected older adults from 12 March 2020 to 30 August 2020. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictor variables. The prevalence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and PIM exposure was 59.1%, 24.1%, and 47.2%, respectively. Diuretics (10%), insulin sliding scale (8.8%), amitriptyline (7.8%), and aspirin (6.9%) were among the most frequently prescribed PIMs. Older patients experiencing pain flare-ups were more likely to have multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.64, 95% confidence intervals: 1.13–2.39). Persistent anger (AOR: 3.33; 1.71–6.47) and use of mobility aids (AOR: 2.41, 1.35–4.28) were associated with polypharmacy. Moreover, cognitive impairment (AOR: 1.65, 1.15–2.34) and health deterioration (AOR: 1.61, 1.11–2.32) increased the likelihood of PIM exposure. High prevalence of multimorbidity and PIM use was observed in Ethiopia. Several important determinants that can be modified by applying PIM criteria in routine practice were also identified.

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Hypertension and Micro-Vascular Complications Among Type 2 Dm Adult Patients in Mukalla, Yemen

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports ◽

10.31579/2690-1919/056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 01-04

Author(s):

Abdullah Ghouth

Keyword(s):

Care Center ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Prevalence

The Background and Purpose: to assess the prevalence of hypertension and micro-vascular complications among type 2 diabetic patients registered in primary health care center in Mukalla city at eastern Yemen. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted in a randomly selected eligible patients from the diabetic registry of the AL Noor Charity Center (ACC), Mukalla city in Yemen. Results: Prevalence of hypertension in the T2DM patients were 46.7% (56/120). Retinopathy is the most micro-vascular complications among the adults having T2DM (73/120, 60.8%) while nephropathy is the least prevalence (13/120, 10.8%), prevalence of neuropathy was 49.2% (59/120). a high prevalence of retinopathy in males (66%) than females (55.7%) and a high prevalence of neuropathy in male adults (52.2%) than females (46%).No statistical significant difference were exit related to gender for any studied complications. Similar findings were observed regarding age related variations. Conclusion: A high prevalence of hypertension, retinopathy and neuropathy were reported among T2DM patients in Mukalla. Adopting effective and safe treatment strategies are highly recommended to prevent premature death and complications due to DM.

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Kinematic Analysis of Dance-Based Exergaming: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science ◽

10.12678/1089-313x.091521e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ernest K. Ofori ◽

Savitha Subramaniam ◽

Shuaijie Wang ◽

Tanvi Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Center Of Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Age Related ◽

Aging Populations ◽

Cortical Pathology

Background: Recent studies demonstrate improvements in both postural stability and mobility among aging populations and those with stroke who are exposed to dance-based exergaming (DBExG). However, age-related deficits and aging with cortical pathology may lead to distinct movement adaptation patterns during DBExG, which could impact therapeutic outcomes.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the movement kinematics (postural stability and mobility) of healthy older adults, older adults with stroke, and young adults for different paces of dance during DBExG. Method: The study included 33 particpants (11 participant from each group of healthy older adults, older adults with chronic stroke, and healthy young adults) who performed the DBExG using slow- (SP), medium- (MP), and fast-paced (FP) songs with movements in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. Center of mass (CoM) sway area, excursion (Ex), and peaks as well as hip, knee, and ankle joint excursions were computed. Results: Results of the study revealed that CoM sway areas and Exs were greater for healthy young adults than for older adults with stroke for the SP dance (p < 0.05) and that there were significantly more AP CoM peaks for young adults than for healthy older adults and those with stroke for the FP dance (p < 0.05). Young adults also exhibited greater hip and ankle Exs than older adults with stroke (p < 0.05) for all song paces. Similarly, knee and ankle Exs were greater for healthy older adults than for older adults with stroke for all song paces (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The quantitative evaluation and comparison of the movement patterns presented for the three groups could provide a foundation for both assessing and designing therapeutic DBExG protocols for these populations.

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between receptive arts engagement and loneliness among older adults

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-019-01764-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 891-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Urszula Tymoszuk ◽

Rosie Perkins ◽

Daisy Fancourt ◽

Aaron Williamon

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Short Form ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Community ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Engagement Factors ◽

Arts Engagement

Abstract Purpose Loneliness in older adulthood is a societal and public health challenge warranting identification of sustainable and community-based protective factors. This study investigated whether frequency of receptive arts engagement is associated with lower odds of loneliness in older adults. Methods We used data of respondents from waves 2 (2004–2005) and 7 (2014–2015) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and examined cross-sectional (n = 6222) and longitudinal (n = 3127) associations between frequency of receptive arts engagement (including visits to the cinema, museums/galleries/exhibitions, theatre/concerts/opera) and odds of loneliness (cut-off ≥ 6 on three-item short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale). We fitted logistic regression models adjusted for a range of sociodemographic, economic, health and social, community and civic engagement factors. Results Cross-sectionally, we found dose–response negative associations between engagement with all receptive arts activities and odds of loneliness. Prospectively, in the fully-adjusted models we found most robust evidence for the negative association between engagement with museums/galleries/exhibitions and odds of loneliness (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.95) for those who engaged every few months or more often compared with those who never engaged. We found weaker evidence for lower odds of loneliness for more frequent engagement with theatre/concerts/opera. Conclusions Frequent engagement with certain receptive arts activities and venues, particularly museums, galleries and exhibitions, may be a protective factor against loneliness in older adults. Future research is needed to identify the mechanisms through which this process may occur, leading to better understanding of how arts activities and venues can reduce loneliness among older adults.

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Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988314553262 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 14-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Walieh Menati ◽

Milad Nazarzadeh ◽

Zeinab Bidel ◽

Morten Würtz ◽

Rostam Menati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Social Variables ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Multistage Sampling ◽

Psychological Risk ◽

The City

Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy ( OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers’ gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends’ medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.

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Is there an association between ageist attitudes and frailty?

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1357-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Salguero ◽

Juliana Ferri-Guerra ◽

Nadeem Y. Mohammed ◽

Dhanya Baskaran ◽

Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Frailty Status

Abstract Background Frailty is defined as a state of vulnerability to stressors that is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilization in older adults. Ageism is “a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old.” Explicit biases involve deliberate or conscious controls, while implicit bias involve unconscious processes. Multiple studies show that self-directed ageism is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether explicit ageist attitudes are associated with frailty in Veterans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of Veterans 50 years and older who completed the Kogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale (KAOP) scale to assess explicit ageist attitudes and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to evaluate implicit ageist attitudes from July 2014 through April 2015. We constructed a frailty index (FI) of 44 variables (demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, laboratory tests, and activities of daily living) that was retrospectively applied to the time of completion of the KAOP and IAT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression models with frailty status (robust, prefrail and frail) as the outcome variable, and with KAOP and IAT scores as the independent variables. Age, race, ethnicity, median household income and comorbidities were considered as covariates. Results Patients were 89.76% male, 48.03% White, 87.93% non-Hispanic and the mean age was 60.51 (SD = 7.16) years. The proportion of robust, pre-frail and frail patients was 11.02% (n = 42), 59.58% (n = 227) and 29.40% (n = 112) respectively. The KAOP was completed by 381 and the IAT by 339 participants. In multinomial logistic regression, neither explicit ageist attitudes (KAOP scale score) nor implicit ageist attitudes (IAT) were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans after adjusting for covariates: OR = .98 (95% CI = .95–1.01), p = .221, and OR:=.97 (95% CI = .37–2.53), p = .950 respectively. Conclusions This study shows that neither explicit nor implicit ageist attitudes were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans. Further longitudinal and larger studies with more diverse samples and measured with other ageism scales should evaluate the independent contribution of ageist attitudes to frailty in older adults.

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C-24 Longitudinal Trajectories of Working Memory Performance in Typically Aging Older Adults

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz034.186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1053-1053

Author(s):

M Gonzalez Catalan ◽

C Lindbergh ◽

A Staffaroni ◽

S Walters ◽

K Casaletto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Age Related ◽

Random Slopes ◽

Aging Adults

Abstract Objective Cross-sectional studies have shown age-related differences in working memory (WM), but the trajectory is unclear due to the scarcity of longitudinal studies. Additional research is needed to better characterize the course of age-related changes in WM in older adults. The present study sought to address this gap in the literature by conducting serial assessments of WM in a longitudinally followed cohort of typically aging adults. We hypothesized a significant age × time interaction, such that WM would show pronounced declines with advancing age. Methods 640 functionally intact participants in an aging cohort (clinical dementia rating = 0; age range 52-99, mean age = 75) completed a computerized WM measure, Running Letter Memory (RLM), every ~15 months for up to 8.5 years (mean follow-up = 1.9 years). Longitudinal changes in RLM scores were analyzed using linear mixed effects models, allowing for random slopes and intercepts. All models were adjusted for sex and education. Results RLM performance did not significantly decline over time (b = -.14, p = .43). As hypothesized, there was a significant age × time interaction predicting RLM scores (b = -.08, p = .006). Specifically, RLM performance remained relatively stable (or slightly improved) until around age 75, beyond which increasingly precipitous declines were observed with advancing age. Conclusion The present results suggest that WM performance does not evidence declines until the mid-70s in typically aging adults, at which point increasingly steep decline trajectories are observed with advancing age. These findings highlight that cognitive aging does not occur at a constant rate in late life.

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