scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids: An Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica A. Jesus ◽  
João Henrique G. Lago ◽  
Márcia D. Laurenti ◽  
Eduardo S. Yamamoto ◽  
Luiz Felipe D. Passero
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Use

Triterpenoids are the most representative group of phytochemicals, as they comprise more than 20,000 recognized molecules. These compounds are biosynthesized in plants via squalene cyclization, a C30hydrocarbon that is considered to be the precursor of all steroids. Due to their low hydrophilicity, triterpenes were considered to be inactive for a long period of time; however, evidence regarding their wide range of pharmacological activities is emerging, and elegant studies have highlighted these activities. Several triterpenic skeletons have been described, including some that have presented with pentacyclic features, such as oleanolic and ursolic acids. These compounds have displayed incontestable biological activity, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects, which were not included in a single review until now. Thus, the present review investigates the potential use of these triterpenes against human pathogens, including their mechanisms of action, viain vivostudies, and the future perspectives about the use of compounds for human or even animal health are also discussed.

Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of the genus Nymphaea L.: A review.

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boniface Pone Kamdem ◽  
Eutrophe Le Doux Kamto ◽  
Aboubakar ◽  
Dieudonné Emmanuel Pegnyemb ◽  
Ferreira Elizabeth Igne
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Plants from the genus Nymphaea L. have been used for decades to treat various diseases, including dysentery, diarrhea, uterine cancer, gonorrhea, inflammation conditions, among others. The present study aims to critically analyze comprehensive literature on ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Nymphaea L. Methods: The available information on Nymphaea L. was obtained from textbooks, theses, as well as published articles through libraries, and electronic databases. Results: More than 150 compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, miscellaneous compounds, etc. were identified from Nymphaea L. extracts and pure molecules from Nymphaea L. exhibited a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, cytotoxic, among others. Conclusion: Referring to in vitro and in vivo studies, Nymphaea sp. are very promising medicinal plants, however, more in vivo experiments, cytotoxicity tests, and detailed mechanisms of action of their extracts, and compounds are recommended to confirm their ethnomedicinal claims into scientific rationale-based information.

scholarly journals Sinensetin: An Insight on Its Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action and Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Han Jie ◽  
Ibrahim Jantan ◽  
Syaratul Dalina Yusoff ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Khairana Husain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Wide Range

Sinensetin, a plant-derived polymethoxylated flavonoid found in Orthosiphon aristatus var. aristatus and several citrus fruits, has been found to possess strong anticancer activities and a variety of other pharmacological benefits and promising potency in intended activities with minimal toxicity. This review aims to compile an up-to-date reports of published scientific information on sinensetin pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity. The present findings about the compound are critically analyzed and its prospect as a lead molecule for drug discovery is highlighted. The databases employed for data collection are mainly through Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. In-vitro and in-vivo studies showed that sinensetin possessed strong anticancer activities and a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, anti-dementia and vasorelaxant activities. The studies provided some insights on its several mechanisms of action in cancer and other disease states. However, more detail mechanistic studies are needed to understand its pharmacological effects. More in vivo studies in various animal models including toxicity, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and bioavailability studies are required to assess its efficacy and safety before submission to clinical studies. In this review, an insight on sinensetin pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action serves as a useful resource for a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of sinensetin as a potential lead candidate for drug discovery.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

scholarly journals Subinhibitory Antimicrobial Concentrations: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G Zhanel ◽  
Daryl J Hoban ◽  
Godfrey KM Harding
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immune Defences

Antimicrobial activity is not an ‘all or none’ effect. An increase in the rate and extent of antimicrobial action is usually observed over a wide range of antimicrobial concentrations. Subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations are well known to produce significant antibacterial effects, and various antimicrobials at subinhibitory concentrations have been reported to inhibit the rate of bacterial growth. Bacterial virulence may be increased or decreased by subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations by changes in the ability of bacteria to adhere to epithelial cells or by alterations in bacterial susceptibility to host immune defences. Animal studies performed in rats, hamsters and rabbits demonstrate decreased bacterial adherence, reduced infectivity and increased survival of animals treated with subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations compared to untreated controls. The major future role of investigation of subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations will be to define more fully, at a molecular level, how antimicrobials exert their antibacterial effects.

Chemical constituents, ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacology, and toxicity of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boniface Pone Kamdem ◽  
Eutrophe Le Doux Kamto ◽  
Hugues Kamdem Paumo ◽  
Lebogang Maureen Katata-Seru ◽  
Dieudonné Emmanuel Pegnyemb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Literature Information ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants is an aromatic herb native to South America, but also distributed widely throughout Africa and Europe. This plant is traditionally used to treat various ailments including, pain and swellings, flu, parasitic diseases, and as analgesic, antipyretic, and wound healing. Phytochemical analyses of D. ambrosioides revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids and miscellaneous compounds among others, which might be responsible for its modern pharmacological actions. Objective: The present work summarizes recent developments on phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal use, pharmacology, and toxicity of D. ambrosioides. A critical assessment of the literature information of D. ambrosioides is also presented. Methods: The available information on D. ambrosioides was collected through libraries and electronic databases [Scifinder, ACS, Scielo, Science direct, Pubmed (National Library of Medicine), Wiley, Springer, PROTA, Web of Science, Google Web, Yahoo search and Google scholar] from respective inception until january 2021. Results: More than 150 compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, and miscellaneous compounds etc.. were identified from D. ambrosioides. D. ambrosioides exhibited a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anticancer, insecticidal, antigiardial, among others. Metal nanoparticles synthesized from D. ambrosioides extracts presented enhanced pharmacological activities as compared to the crude plant extracts counterparts. Conclusion: D. ambrosioides is a promising medicinal plant, however, more in vivo experiments, cytotoxicity tests, and mechanisms of actions of its extracts and compounds are recommended to transubstantiate the ethnomedicinal claims of this plant into scientific rationale-based information.

scholarly journals Role of Natural Stilbenes in the Prevention of Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antoni Sirerol ◽  
María L. Rodríguez ◽  
Salvador Mena ◽  
Miguel A. Asensi ◽  
José M. Estrela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Improve Stability

Natural stilbenes are an important group of nonflavonoid phytochemicals of polyphenolic structure characterized by the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene nucleus. Stilbenes have an extraordinary potential for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including cancer, due to their antioxidant, cell death activation, and anti-inflammatory properties which associate with low toxicity underin vivoconditions. This review aims to discuss various approaches related to their mechanisms of action, pharmacological activities in animal models and humans, and potential chemoprevention in clinical studies. The biological activity of natural stilbenes is still incompletely understood. Furthermore, after administration to animals or humans, these molecules are rapidly metabolized. Thus pharmacokinetics and/or activities of the natural structures and their metabolites may be very different. Novel drug formulations have been postulated in order to improve stability and bioavailability, to minimize side effects, and to facilitate interaction with their domains in target proteins. These pharmacological improvements should lead stilbenes to become effective candidates as anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy B. Howell ◽  
Doris H. D'Souza
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Pomegranates have been known for hundreds of years for their multiple health benefits, including antimicrobial activity. The recent surge in multidrug-resistant bacteria and the possibility of widespread global virus pandemics necessitate the need for additional preventative and therapeutic options to conventional drugs. Research indicates that pomegranates and their extracts may serve as natural alternatives due to their potency against a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens. Nearly every part of the pomegranate plant has been tested for antimicrobial activities, including the fruit juice, peel, arils, flowers, and bark. Many studies have utilized pomegranate peel with success. There are various phytochemical compounds in pomegranate that have demonstrated antimicrobial activity, but most of the studies have found that ellagic acid and larger hydrolyzable tannins, such as punicalagin, have the highest activities. In some cases the combination of the pomegranate constituents offers the most benefit. The positive clinical results on pomegranate and suppression of oral bacteria are intriguing and worthy of further study. Much of the evidence for pomegranates’ antibacterial and antiviral activities against foodborne pathogens and other infectious disease organisms comes fromin vitrocell-based assays, necessitating further confirmation ofin vivoefficacy through human clinical trials.

scholarly journals Allamanda cathartica: A Review of the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biotechnology

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Petricevich ◽  
Rodolfo Abarca-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Active Substances

In this work, we explore the current knowledge about the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components characterized and isolated from the Allamanda cathartica. Of the 15 Allamanda species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies have focused on A. cathartica. These plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders. Numerous phytochemical investigations of plants from the A. cathartica have shown the presence of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, phospholipids, volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, lactones, and carbohydrates. Various studies have confirmed that extracts and active substances isolated from the A. cathartica have multiple pharmacological activities. The species A. cathartica has emerged as a source of traditional medicine used for human health. Further studies on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties and their mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy in the species of A. cathartica is recommended.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND SCREENING OF BENZOFURAN FUSED C-2,4,6-SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS A NEW ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL AGENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Javarappa Rangaswamy ◽  
Nagaraja Naik
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Pyrimidine Ring ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Drug Development Program

Objective: Benzofuran and their heterocyclic analogs represent an important class of molecules which have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, in this study synthesis and antimicrobial activity of benzofuran fused C-2,4,6-substituted pyrimidine derivatives was extensively discussed.Methods: Benzofuran fused C-2,4,6-substituted pyrimidine derivatives (4a-k) were built by cyclo condensation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation followed by cyclization via coupling of benzoyl fragments, which include benzofuran, a pyrimidine ring and C-6 substituted phenyl residue with various substituents, connected by linker-S-band. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral techniques and evaluated their antimicrobial activity.Results: The results of antibacterial and antifungal activity against various microbes, most of the compounds have shown considerable antimicrobial activity, but compounds 4g and 4e exhibits superior activity compared to standards, this may be due to presence bromo and fluro electron withdrawing substituent on the benzoyl moiety and more lipophilic nature of pyrimidine ring.Conclusion: According to the activity studies, it is observed that the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of benzofuran fused C-2,4,6-substituted pyrimidine derivatives have been shown better antimicrobial activity. The obtained results suggest that these classes of compounds can be considered as new hits for further structural optimization to obtain better antimicrobial drug development program.

scholarly journals Imperata cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Young-Kyung Jung ◽  
Dongyun Shin
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Imperata cylindrica is a medicinal plant native to southwestern Asia and the tropical and subtropical zones. To date, 72 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from I. cylindrica Among these compounds, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and glycosides are the major constituents. Investigations of pharmacological activities of I. cylindrica revealed that this edible medicinal herb exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potential including immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and liver protection activities both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of I. cylindrica studies until 2019. This article also intends to review advances in the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies and industrial applications of I. cylindrica, which will provide a useful bibliography for further investigations and applications of I. cylindrica in medicines and foods.

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