scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer in Iran: Molecular Epidemiology and Screening Strategies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Dolatkhah ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Somi ◽  
Mortaza Jabbarpour Bonyadi ◽  
Iraj Asvadi Kermani ◽  
Faris Farassati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

Purpose. The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the past three decades in Iran has made it a major public health burden. This study aimed to report its epidemiologic features, molecular genetic aspects, survival, heredity, and screening pattern in Iran.Methods. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the relevant published articles. We used medical subject headings, including colorectal cancer, molecular genetics,KRASandBRAFmutations, screening, survival, epidemiologic study, and Iran.Results. Age standardized incidence rate of Iranian CRCs was 11.6 and 10.5 for men and women, respectively. Overall five-year survival rate was 41%, and the proportion of CRC among the younger age group was higher than that of western countries. Depending on ethnicity, geographical region, dietary, and genetic predisposition, mutation genes were considerably diverse and distinct among CRCs across Iran. The high occurrence of CRC in records of relatives of CRC patients showed that family history of CRC was more common among young CRCs.Conclusion. Appropriate screening strategies for CRC which is amenable to early detection through screening, especially in relatives of CRCs, should be considered as the first step in CRC screening programs.

Factors Associated with Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening Using a Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) in Thai Population Aged 45 to 74 years in Namphong District, Khon Kaen Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fecal Immunochemical Test ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Immunochemical Test

Background: Presently, the level of participation in screening programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) with Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is considerably low. Objective: To investigate factors associated with participation in CRC screening using a FIT in the Thai population age 45 to 74 years in the Namphong District of Khon Kaen Province. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the unmatched case-control study design was applied. Three hundred ten participants were equally divided into two groups with 155 participants in the study group and the other 155 in the control group. The data were collected by conducting interviews. Moreover, to explain the association between the factors, multiple logistic regressions were used with adjusted odds ratio (ORadj), a confidence level at 95%, and with p<0.05. Results: It was found that ages were equal to or higher than 60 years (ORadj 2.08; 95%CI 1.19 to 3.63), the lower education level (ORadj 3.70; 95% CI 1.86 to 7.33), a family history of cancer (ORadj 5.25; 95% CI 2.14 to 12.86), receiving advice from public health officials regarding CRC screening (ORadj 3.09; 95% CI 1.81 to 5.27), and high level of knowledge about CRC (ORadj 4.01; 95% CI 2.09 to 7.69) had all been related to participation in the CRC screening program with a statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results revealed that receiving advice from public health officials regarding CRC screening and that proper knowledge had been related to participation in screening programs for CRC with the FIT. Thus, to raise awareness and create a greater understanding, public health officers should disseminate knowledge about CRC. Information about the colorectal screening with the FIT should especially be spread to those people who are younger than 60 years of age, have educational levels higher than the primary level, and to those, who have no family history of CRC. Keywords: Colorectal Cancer Screening; Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT); Thai population

scholarly journals Colorectal cancer screening and prevention—pros and cons

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Niederreiter ◽  
Lukas Niederreiter ◽  
Andreas Schmiderer ◽  
Herbert Tilg ◽  
Angela Djanani
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Screening Procedures

Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancer entities worldwide and a leading cause of death. The disease is known to develop from potentially curable, premalignant lesions over several years and therefore is suitable for screening procedures and preventive measures. Several trials have demonstrated reduced incidence and mortality in screening cohorts. A multitude of different screening strategies for CRC have been implemented in different parts of the world. While randomized controlled studies directly comparing screening procedures are still ongoing, colonoscopy remains the gold standard for screening and the only procedure that allows to effectively prevent CRC by treating premalignant lesions. However, population-wide participation rates vary greatly but often only reach approximately 25%. Noninvasive screening strategies are indispensable to increase acceptance rates and for resource-limited regions with limited capacity for colonoscopy. Importantly, while incidence of CRC increases with age, lately we have seen a raise in incidence for CRC in the population below 50 years of age, potentially requiring to include younger adults (e.g., 45 years of age) into established screening programs. It remains important to continue to gather data and evidence regarding effectiveness of various screening strategies, preferably in randomized controlled trials. This short review will outline currently established screening procedures and will discuss the pros and cons for each individual approach.

scholarly journals Importance of Family History of Colorectal Carcinoma In Situ Versus Invasive Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yu Tian ◽  
Elham Kharazmi ◽  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Xing Xu ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the risk of invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) in relatives of patients with colorectal carcinoma in situ (CCIS), which is lacking in the literature. Patients and Methods: We collected data from Swedish family-cancer datasets and calculated standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and cumulative risk of CRC in family histories of CCIS in first- and second-degree relatives. Family history was defined as a dynamic (time-dependent) variable allowing for changes during the follow-up period from 1958 to 2015. Of 12,829,251 individuals with available genealogical data, 173,796 were diagnosed with CRC and 40,558 with CCIS. Results: The lifetime (0–79 years) cumulative risk of CRC in first-degree relatives of patients with CCIS was 6.5%, which represents a 1.6-fold (95% CI, 1.5–1.7; n=752) increased risk. A similarly increased lifetime cumulative risk (6.7%) was found among first-degree relatives of patients with CRC (SIR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.6–1.7; n=6,965). An increased risk of CRC was also found in half-siblings of patients with CCIS (SIR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.0; n=18) and also in half-siblings of patients with CRC (SIR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.1; n=78). Moreover, the increased risk of CRC was higher for younger age at diagnosis of CCIS in the affected first-degree relative and for younger age at diagnosis of CRC in the index person. Conclusions: Results of this study show that first-degree relatives and half-siblings of patients with CCIS have an increased risk of CRC, which is comparable in magnitude to the risk of those with a family history of invasive CRC. These findings extend available evidence on familial risk of CRC and may help to refine guidelines and recommendations for CRC screening.

Awareness and misconceptions of colorectal cancer risk factors among laypersons and physicians.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 536-536
Author(s):  
Jerome Viguier ◽  
François Eisinger ◽  
Sebastien Couraud ◽  
Lysel Guibaudet ◽  
Jean-Yves Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
History Of

536 Background: The aim of EDIFICE surveys is to improve insight into the behavior of the French population with regard to cancer prevention and participation in screening programs. The colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program is in place and targets the 50-74-yr age group. CRC prevention also relies on increased awareness of known risk factors (behavioral [BRF] or non-behavioral [NBRF]). This analysis focuses on awareness of CRC risk factors among the lay population and physicians. Methods: The 4th nationwide observational survey was conducted by phone interviews using the quota method. A representative sample of 1463 individuals with no history of cancer (age, 40-75 yrs) was interviewed between June 12 and July 10, 2014. A mirror survey on a representative sample of 301 physicians was conducted between July 9 and August 8, 2014. Interviewees were asked to cite the five main RF for CRC. Results: Heredity/family history of CRC was widely cited by physicians but far less by laypersons (LP) (95.3% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.01). Digestive disorders, age, polyps and Crohn’s disease were also cited as NBRF by 38.2%, 22.9%, 15.3% and 12.3% of physicians, respectively. In comparison, these RF were very rarely cited by LP (5.4%, 1.5%, 1.7% and 0.1%, respectively, P < 0.01). Unhealthy-lifestyle RF were cited by 86.4% and 52.7% of physicians and LP, respectively (P < 0.01): poor eating habits, ranked first for both physicians and LP (80.1 vs 46.8%, P < 0.01), including unbalanced or excessively rich diet (52.8% vs. 41.2%, P < 0.01) and excessive quantities of red meat (12.6% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.01). Among unhealthy-lifestyle RF, after poor eating habits, physicians cited first tobacco (24.3%), then alcohol (19.9%), and lack of exercise (14.6%) as other BRF. These were cited by 12.2% (P < 0.01), 16.0% (NS) and 4.7% (P < 0.01) of LP, respectively. Overweight/obesity was cited by 19.6% of physicians but by only 1.8% of LP. Conclusions: Overall, there is a lower level of awareness of CRC risk factors in lay persons than in physicians. Physicians are generally aware that heredity/family history and unhealthy lifestyle are the major RF for CRC, in line with the widely recognized RF. In contrast, lay persons rank BRF highest, and notably those related to poor eating habits.

Young-onset colorectal cancer: A call for action.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10563-10563
Author(s):  
Iosune Baraibar ◽  
Francesc Salva ◽  
Raquel Comas ◽  
Javier Ros ◽  
Ariadna Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Nras Mutation ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Cancer

10563 Background: Young-onset colorectal cancer (YOCR) is defined as diagnosis below the age of 50. Over the past decades, the incidence of YOCRC has increased at an alarming rate, but causes and pathogenesis still remain unknown. Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) has demonstrated to improve survival. Despite these facts, adults < 50 years old are not yet included in screening programs and YOCRC is not well characterized. We aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular characteristics of YOCRC in patients (pts) diagnosed at our institution. Methods: Consecutive pts with a diagnosis of CRC below the age of 50 visited for the first time at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in Spain between January 2017 and October 2020 were included in the analysis. Data of clinicopathologic features and treatment were collected retrospectively from medical records. Results: 205 pts met the inclusion criteria, 111 (54%) were females, 8 (4%) presented a personal history of cancer at diagnosis and 109 (53%) a family history of cancer. Age at diagnosis was: < 30: 10 (5%), {30 – 40): 52 (25%), {40-45): 51 (25%), {45-50): 92 (45%). Site of primary tumor was: right colon: 50 (24%), left colon: 107 (52%): rectum: 48 (24%). Stage at diagnosis was I: 3 (1%), II: 14 (7%), III: 60 (29%), IV: 128 (63%). 6 of 14 (43%) and 44 of 60 patients (73%) with stage II and III CRC presented disease progression after initial treatment, respectively. Molecular status was: KRAS mutation: 74 (36%), NRAS mutation: 7 (3%), BRAF mutation: 12 (6%), MSI-H: 12 (6%). 43 pts (21%) had documentation of genetic counseling. Median (range) number of lines of treatment for metastatic disease was 3 (1-7), 53 pts (30%) received at least 4 lines of treatment. Median (range) number of metastatic sites was: 2 (1-6). 114 patients (55.6%) had died at the cut-off timepoint. Conclusions: YOCR is usually diagnosed with a more advanced stage than standard-onset CRC, with a poorer course of the disease. Further studies in young adults with CRC should address this phenomenon to understand the underlying causes, and prioritize genetic counseling. Our results support the unmet need of initiating screening programs in adults younger than 50 years, the urgency for a global consensus and a call for action.

scholarly journals Relaxed imprinting of IGF2 in peripheral blood cells of patients with a history of prostate cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeda Belharazem ◽  
Matthias Kirchner ◽  
Franziska Geissler ◽  
Peter Bugert ◽  
Martin Spahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Paternal Allele ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of

BackgroundInsulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is the predominant IGF in adults and regulates cell growth. In contrast to normal tissues, where IGF2 is imprinted and only expressed from the paternal allele, loss of imprinting (LOI) and biallelic IGF2 expression are observed in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). We here studied whether LOI of IGF2 in normal circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes can predict increased PCa risk.Samples and methodsWe analyzed IGF2 protein levels, IGF2 820G/A genotype and imprinting status, as well as methylation status of the IGF2 imprinting control region (ICR) in 113 blood samples of patients with a history of radical prostatectomy (RPE) for PCa by ELISA, restriction-fragment length polymorphism, and bisulfite-DNA sequencing. Results were compared to 249 male blood donors with unknown prostate specific antigen (PSA) status.ResultsThe 820G/A genotype was enriched in the RPE group and was associated with younger age at cancer diagnosis. LOI in patients was only slightly more frequent than in controls, but IGF2 levels were significantly higher and uncoupled from the imprinting status. Analysis of the IGF2/H19 ICR revealed marked hypermethylation.ConclusionsThe IGF 820G/A genotype is associated with PCa diagnosis at younger age. Increased IGF2 in patients with PCa appears to be the result of impaired imprinting in non-neoplastic cells rather than a paracrine tumor product. Uncoupling of IGF2 protein levels from imprinting status (not LOI alone) and hypermethylation of the ICR characterized PCa patients and could have the potential to indicate persons at risk in screening programs.

Opportunistic Colorectal Cancer Screening using Colonoscopy. Comparative Results between two Historical Cohorts in Bucharest, Romania

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mirela Ionescu ◽  
Tudor Nicolaie ◽  
Serban Ion Gologan ◽  
Ana Mocanu ◽  
Cristina Ditescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Organized Screening Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Second Period

Background & Aims: Even though Romania has one of the highest incidence and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Europe, there is currently no organized screening program. We aimed to assess the results of our opportunistic CRC screening using colonoscopy.Methods: A single center retrospective study to include all opportunistic screening colonoscopies performed in two 18 month periods (2007-2008 and 2012-2013) was designed. All asymptomatic individuals without a personal or family history of adenoma or CRC and with complete colonoscopy performed in these two time periods were included.Results: We included 1,807 individuals, 882 in the first period, 925 in the second period. There were 389 individuals aged below 50, 1,351 between 50 and 75 and 67 older than 75 years. There were 956 women (52.9%), with a mean age of 58.5 (median 59, range 23-97). The detection rates were 12.6% for adenomas (6.1% for advanced adenoma) and 3.4% for adenocarcinoma. Adenoma incidence (4.9% in subjects under 50, 14.7% in those aged 50 to 75, and 16.4% in those older than 75, p<0.0001) and size (6.3mm in subjects younger than 50, 9.2mm in those 50 to 75 and 10.8mm in those older than 75, p=0.015) significantly increased with age. Adenoma incidence increased in the second period (14.8% vs. 10.3%, p=0.005), while adenoma size decreased in the second period (8.4mm vs. 10mm, p=0.006). There were no procedure related complications.Conclusions: The neoplasia detection rate was 16% (12.6% adenoma, 3.4% adenocarcinoma). Adenoma incidence and size increased with age in both cohorts. In the second screening period significantly more and smaller adenomas were detected.

Gene mutation and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis in the patients followed up in the city of Moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
M. A. Krasnova ◽  
E. M. Belilovsky ◽  
S. E. Borisov ◽  
A. A. Khakhalina ◽  
Yu. D. Mikhaylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

The article describes a retrospective study of the results of microbiological and molecular genetic tests of 685 M. tuberculosis cultures isolated from 685 adult tuberculosis patients registered for dispensary follow-up in Moscow in 2014.The following was identified during the study: phenotypic drug resistance (FDR) of MTB to rifampicin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, amikacin, and capreomycin in groups of patients with different treatment history; the frequency of FDR to the above anti-tuberculosis drugs in strains with mutations being drug resistance markers; the frequency of various mutations in case of FDR of mycobacteria in the patients from different groups; the relationship of FDR or the presence of a particular mutation with various characteristics of the patients and their treatment history.The history of previous treatment was determined as statistical significance to provide the greatest influence on the spread of drug resistant MTB: patients undergoing repeated treatment had FDR more often and also a much more pronounced variety of mutations being markers of FDR to certain anti-tuberculosis drugs.The results of the study showed that the detection of genetic mutations in MBT associated with FDR was a reliable tool for predicting phenotypic resistance and should be used as the main method for selecting anti-tuberculosis drugs when compiling the etiotropic therapy regimen.

Free Fatty Acid Receptors as New Potential Targets in Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404
Author(s):  
Adrian Bartoszek ◽  
Jakub Fichna ◽  
Aleksandra Tarasiuk ◽  
Agata Binienda ◽  
Adam Fabisiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
The Family ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In developed countries, its mortality remains high, yet the prevalence has established owing to effective screening programs; however due to the westernization of lifestyle, the incidences in many other countries have increased. Although the treatment of CRC has improved in the last few years, the side effects of these approaches cannot be neglected. Recently, members of the family of free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) have become attractive pharmacological targets in many diseases, including asthma; studies also point to their role in carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and future directions in FFAR research related to CRC. Contradictory results of FFARs modulation may derive from the pleiotropic effects of FFAR ligands, receptor distribution and different signal transduction. Hence, we indicate directions of further studies to fully use the potential of FFARs in CRC.

High Risk of One-year Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Younger Age and Prior History of Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Der Lee ◽  
Ya-Han Hu ◽  
Meng Lee ◽  
Yen-Chu Huang ◽  
Ya-Wen Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background and Purpose: Recurrent ischemic strokes increase the risk of disability and mortality. The role of conventional risk factors in recurrent strokes may change due to increased awareness of prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk factors besides conventional ones which may help to affect the advances in future preventive concepts associated with one-year stroke recurrence (OSR). Methods: We analyzed 6,632 adult patients with ischemic stroke. Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without OSR were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses. Results: Among the study population, 525 patients (7.9%) had OSR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (OR 1.243, 95% CI 1.025 – 1.506), age (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.007 - 1.023), and a prior history of ischemic stroke (OR 1.331, 95% CI 1.096 – 1.615) were major factors associated with OSR. CART analysis further identified age and a prior history of ischemic stroke were important factors for OSR when classified the patients into three subgroups (with risks of OSR of 8.8%, 3.8%, and 12.5% for patients aged > 57.5 years, ≤ 57.5 years/with no prior history of ischemic stroke, and ≤ 57.5 years/with a prior history of ischemic stroke, respectively). Conclusions: Male sex, age, and a prior history of ischemic stroke could increase the risk of OSR by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and CART analysis further demonstrated that patients with a younger age (≤ 57.5 years) and a prior history of ischemic stroke had the highest risk of OSR.

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