Abdominal Distension Associated with Luminal Fungi in the Intestines of Axolotl Larvae

Axolotls show a remarkable regeneration capacity compared with higher vertebrates, regenerating missing appendages such as limbs and tail as well as other body parts (i.e., apex of the heart, forebrain, and jaw) after amputations which makes this animal a very interesting research model for tissue regeneration mechanisms. Larvae are individually housed in a 20% Holtfreter’s solution within clear plastic containers. The photoperiod light : darkness cycle is 12 : 12 h. Larvae with a total body length of less than 5 cm are fed once a day with large brine shrimp and blood worm. Albino larvae appeared to have a tendency to exhibit abdominal distention. No clinical signs of illness seemed to be associated with the condition; however, these animals exhibit a relatively slower growth rate. To better characterize this condition, we performed histological sectioning for cross sectional slide preparation on wild type and albino axolotl larvae following euthanasia. The only lesion seen in the albino larvae was a thickened gut wall and the presence of fungi within the intestines. We hypothesize that this may be due to a lower efficacy of the albino larvae’s immune system.

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CELIAC DISEASE AMONG GASTROINTESTINAL PATIENTS IN YEMEN: ITS PREVALENCE, SYMPTOMS AND ACCOMPANYING SIGNS, AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH AGE AND GENDER

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v6i5.665 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Omar Ahmed Ismael Al-dossary ◽

Redhwan A. Ahmed ◽

Khaled Abdulkareem A Al-Moyed ◽

Azhar Azher Mohammed Al-Ankoshy ◽

Mohammed Mohammed Ali Al-Najhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Peer Review ◽

Chronic Diarrhea ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Abdominal Distension ◽

High Rate ◽

Serological Markers ◽

Cross Sectional

Background and objectives: Celiac disease is a long-standing autoimmune illness that principally affects the small intestine. Typical symptoms comprise digestive problems such as chronic diarrhea, flatulence, malabsorption, loss of appetite, and failure of children to grow normally. The prevalence of celiac disease has not been established in Yemen, either in the general population or in symptomatic patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of disease in symptomatic patients and to investigate associated symptoms and signs; and whether prevalence of CD varies greatly between different ages and genders in a hospital in Sana'a. Methods: A cross sectional study based on the results of serological markers; IgA anti-tissue glutaminase and small bowel biopsies of 600 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who were all patients who attended in the research period. Data were collected from hospital records during the period from March 2014 to December 2018. 600 suspected patients (245 males and 355 females) were subjects and the mean age of ±SD patients was 30.6±14.5 years (range 2-92 years). Results: The prevalence of CD among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was 9.2%. There was a significant association between CD with females (rate being 11.3% , OR=1.9, p=0.03), and 2-19 years age group (21.4% , OR=4.3, p<0.001), Considering the clinical signs and symptoms there was a significant association between celiac disease and chronic diarrhea (OR=18.4), steatorrhea ( OR=9.6), foul odor (OR=8.3), weight loss (OR=5.7), anemia (OR=10.2), abdominal distension (OR=3.1), mouth ulcers (OR=7.2), abdominal bleeding (OR=13.5), diabetes mellitus I (OR=18), and hypothyroidism (OR=79.3). Conclusion: A high rate of CD was identified among gastrointestinal symptoms patients arriving at the general hospital in Sana’a, Yemen, and this demonstrates the importance of general practitioners in identifying patients with CD, especially in the absence of a medical facility for CD, and this was facilitated through the serological markers test. Peer Review History: Received: 11 September 2021; Revised: 12 October; Accepted: 29 October, Available online: 15 November 2021 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indones UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected] Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, [email protected] Similar Articles: THE ASSOCIATION OF ADULT MALE AND FEMALE INFERTILITY WITH CELIAC DISEASE PATIENTS IN YEMEN

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Morphometric study of certain inland water copepods from Nashik, Maharashtra, India

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v26i2pp343-350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Savita Tidame ◽

Priyanka Pawar ◽

Jyoti Gangurde ◽

Arati Tidame

Keyword(s):

Total Body Length ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Body Parts ◽

Morphometric Measurements ◽

Godavari River ◽

Ocular Micrometer ◽

Macrocyclops Fuscus ◽

Total Body ◽

Micrometer Scale ◽

Caudal Rami

The morphometric study of selected copepods was carried out during year 2018 from Godavari river of Nashik region. In the present study, a total of four copepod genera were selected for carrying out their morphometric measurements in terms of micron. These are Mesocyclops sps, Macrocyclops fuscus, Tropocyclops prasinus and Eucyclops agilis. The morphometry of various body parts like cephalosome, metasome, urosome, antennae, caudal rami, fural rami and total body length were measured by using ocular micrometer scale. On the basis of measurement obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that Eucyclops is the largest of all, Macrocyclops and Tropocyclops are intermediate in size whereas, Mesocyclops is the smallest of all studied specimens.

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Estimation of Stature from Nasal Length

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.2859 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (204) ◽

pp. 76-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ratindra Nath Shrestha ◽

Dinesh Banstola ◽

Dipeshwara Nepal ◽

Prakash Baral

Keyword(s):

Partial Correlation ◽

Body Height ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Body Parts ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

Central Nepal ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Body ◽

Nasal Length

Introduction: Estimation of stature for the purpose of identification has a significant forensic importance. This technique is based on a principle that bones or human body parts correlate positively with the stature. Stature can be estimated from measurements of various body parts such as arm, leg, feet, finger, facial height, nasal height etc. The aim of study was to correlate Stature of Nepalese with Nasal height and estimate Stature from Nasal height.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 214 healthy adults comprising 110 males and 104 females in the age group of 25 to 35 years were carried out. Study was carried out in central Nepal where people from various parts of Nepal are migrated. Total body height and Nasal height were recorded with stadiometer and sliding caliper respectively.Results: The mean of total body height in the male and female was 160.4 (±6.80) cm and 151.8 (±4.88) cm respectively. The mean of nasal height in the male and female was 4.6 (±0.31) cm and 4.3 (±0.29) cm respectively. This study observed that in both male and female nasal height had positive partial correlation with stature; r = 0.18 for male and 0.19 for female. Stature in nepali population could be calculated as: Stature=148.22+3.02x nasal height in male where as Stature=133.01+3.12x nasal height in female.Conclusions: Both Nepali male and female nasal height had positive partial correlation with stature; r = 0.18 for male and 0.19 for female. Stature in Nepali population could be calculated as: Stature=148.22+3.02x nasal height in male where as Stature=133.01+3.12x nasal height in female.Keywords: estimation; stature; nasal height. | PubMed

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Assessing body condition in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): a comparison of new and old methods

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo16071 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 421 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. W. Macgregor ◽

C. Holyoake ◽

S. Munks ◽

J. H. Connolly ◽

I. D. Robertson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Condition Index ◽

Volume Index ◽

Ultrasound Images ◽

Body Condition Index ◽

Current Standard ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West ◽

Total Body

Body condition is an important aspect of the health of any animal. The current standard method of body condition assessment in the platypus is the tail volume index (TVI). Although the tail is the largest repository of fat in the platypus, the reliability of TVI has not been adequately demonstrated. The aims of this study were, first to assess performance of the TVI, and second, to develop and evaluate performance of new techniques for routine field assessment of platypus body condition. Morphometric data were collected under anaesthesia from 137 adult wild platypuses (74 males, 63 females) captured in north-west Tasmania; ultrasound images of tail fat were also collected from 100 of these individuals (54 males, 46 females). Three new indices for platypus body condition were identified. An objective tail fat index (Relative Tail Fat Volume: RTFVTBL) was developed, based on cross-sectional area measurements taken from detailed ultrasound images compared with total body length (TBL). Two body condition indices intended for routine field use were developed – one based on body mass (mb) and bill width (BW) (Body Condition Index; BCIBW), and the other based on a single linear ultrasonographic measurement of tail fat depth and BW (Relative Fat Depth; RFDBW). Results indicated that RFDBW outperforms TVI as an index of platypus tail fat. Further work, however, is needed to determine the relationship between tail fat and total body fat in the platypus before conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of BCIBW as a body condition index.

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Intravenous Vipera berus Venom-Specific Fab Fragments and Intramuscular Vipera ammodytes Venom-Specific F(ab’)2 Fragments in Vipera ammodytes-Envenomed Patients

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13040279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Tihana Kurtović ◽

Svjetlana Karabuva ◽

Damjan Grenc ◽

Mojca Dobaja Borak ◽

Igor Križaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Vipera Berus ◽

Fab Fragments ◽

Elimination Half ◽

Apparent Total Body Clearance ◽

Total Body ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Vipera Ammodytes

Vipera ammodytes (V. ammodytes) is the most venomous European viper. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic values of intravenous Vipera berus venom-specific (paraspecific) Fab fragments (ViperaTAb) and intramuscular V. ammodytes venom-specific F(ab’)2 fragments (European viper venom antiserum, also called “Zagreb” antivenom) in V.ammodytes-envenomed patients. This was a prospective study of V.ammodytes-envenomed patients that were treated intravenously with ViperaTAb or intramuscularly with European viper venom antiserum that was feasible only due to the unique situation of an antivenom shortage. The highest venom concentration, survival, length of hospital stay and adverse reactions did not differ between the groups. Patients treated with intravenous Fab fragments were sicker, with significantly more rhabdomyolysis and neurotoxicity. The kinetics of Fab fragments after one or more intravenous applications matched better with the venom concentration in the early phase of envenomation compared to F(ab’)2 fragments that were given intramuscularly only on admission. F(ab’)2 fragments given intramuscularly had 25-fold longer apparent total body clearance and 14-fold longer elimination half-time compared to Fab fragments given intravenously (2 weeks vs. 24 h, respectively). In V.ammodytes-envenomed patients, the intramuscular use of specific F(ab’)2 fragments resulted in a slow rise of antivenom serum concentration that demanded their early administration but without the need for additional doses for complete resolution of all clinical signs of envenomation. Intravenous use of paraspecific Fab fragments resulted in the immediate rise of antivenom serum concentration that enabled their use according to the clinical progress, but multiple doses might be needed for efficient therapy of thrombocytopenia due to venom recurrence, while the progression of rhabdomyolysis and neurotoxic effects of the venom could not be prevented.

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Associations between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and body fat evaluated by DXA and MRI in 109 adolescent boys

Environmental Health ◽

10.1186/s12940-021-00758-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mathilde Lolk Thomsen ◽

Louise Scheutz Henriksen ◽

Jeanette Tinggaard ◽

Flemming Nielsen ◽

Tina Kold Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Study Design ◽

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mass Spectrometry Data ◽

Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Body

Abstract Background Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with changes in body mass index and adiposity, but evidence is inconsistent as study design, population age, follow-up periods and exposure levels vary between studies. We investigated associations between PFAS exposure and body fat in a cross-sectional study of healthy boys. Methods In 109 boys (10–14 years old), magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were performed to evaluate abdominal, visceral fat, total body, android, gynoid, android/gynoid ratio, and total fat percentage standard deviation score. Serum was analysed for perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid using liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Data were analysed by multivariate linear regression. Results Serum concentrations of PFASs were low. Generally, no clear associations between PFAS exposure and body fat measures were found; however, PFOS was negatively associated with abdominal fat (β = -0.18, P = 0.046), android fat (β = -0.34, P = 0.022), android/gynoid ratio (β = -0.21, P = 0.004), as well as total body fat (β = -0.21, P = 0.079) when adjusting for Tanner stage. Conclusions Overall, we found no consistent associations between PFAS exposure and body fat. This could be due to our cross-sectional study design. Furthermore, we assessed PFAS exposure in adolescence and not in utero, which is considered a more vulnerable time window of exposure.

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Examining Bone, Muscle and Fat in Middle-Aged Long-Term Endurance Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9020522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Ulrike H. Mitchell ◽

Bruce Bailey ◽

Patrick J. Owen

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Endurance Runners ◽

Total Body

Aerobic exercise training has many known cardiovascular benefits that may promote healthy aging. It is not known if long-term aerobic exercise training is also associated with structural benefits (e.g., lower fat mass, higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) and greater muscle mass). We evaluated these parameters in middle-aged long-term endurance runners compared to sex-, age-, height-, and weight-matched non-running controls. Total and regional lean and fat mass and areal BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sagittal magnetic resonance images captured the cross-sectional area and thickness of the lumbar multifidus. Runners (n = 10; all male) had a mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 49 (4) years, height of 178.9 (4.9) cm, weight of 67.8 (5.8) kg, body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 (1.4) kg/m2 and had been running 82.6 (27.9) km/week for 23 (13) years. Controls (n = 9) had a mean (SD) age of 51 (5) years, height of 176.0 (5.1) cm, weight of 72.8 (7.1) kg, and BMI of 23.7 (2.1) kg/m2. BMI was greater in controls (p = 0.010). When compared to controls on average, runners had a 10 percentage-point greater total body lean mass than controls (p = 0.001) and 14% greater trunk lean mass (p = 0.010), as well as less total body (8.6 kg; p < 0.001), arm (58%; p = 0.002), leg (52%; p < 0.001), trunk (73%; p < 0.001), android (91%; p < 0.001), and gynoid fat mass (64%; p < 0.001). No differences were observed between groups for BMD outcomes or multifidus size. These results underscore the benefits of endurance running to body composition that carry over to middle-age.

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The Positive Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Content Is Not Mediated by Free Leptin Index in Prepubertal Children: The PANIC Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5365

Author(s):

Annie M. Constable ◽

Josie E. Porter ◽

Danielle Benger ◽

Dimitris Vlachopoulos ◽

Alan R. Barker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Total Body ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: MVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = −0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.

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