scholarly journals Size Does Not Make the Difference: 3D/4D Transperineal Sonographic Measurements of the Female Urethra in the Assessment of Urinary Incontinence Subtypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Kupec ◽  
Ulrich Pecks ◽  
Charlotte M. Gräf ◽  
Elmar Stickeler ◽  
Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Transperineal Ultrasound ◽  
Urgency Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Urethra ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Purpose.The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of transperineal ultrasound in the assessment of the urethral length and urethral lumen by 3D/4D transperineal sonography to discriminate between female patients with subtypes of urinary incontinence.Methods.A total of 150 female patients underwent an examination because of urinary incontinence. 41 patients were diagnosed with urgency urinary incontinence (OAB), 67 patients were diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and 42 patients were in the control group (CTRL). Three diameters of the urethral lumen (proximal (U1), medial (U2), and distal (U3)) and the urethral length were measured. By the assessment of the urethral lumen, the presence of the urethral funneling was evaluated.Results.We found a significant difference in the urethral length and urethral lumen U2 of OAB and SUI versus CTRL. The urethral length was significantly greater (P<0.05) and the urethral lumen was significantly wider (P<0.05) in the patients with urinary incontinence. The incidence of the urethral funneling was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the study groups with urinary incontinence than in the control group.Conclusions.Our results have shown the urethral changes obtained by ultrasound in patients with urinary incontinence, but they are still insufficient to distinguish between subtypes of urinary incontinence.

scholarly journals Abdominal complex muscle in women with stress urinary incontinence – prospective case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Burzynski ◽  
Tomasz Jurys ◽  
Michalina Knapik ◽  
Kamil Burzynski ◽  
Paweł Rzymski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

IntroductionThis study is designed to assess the percentage share of musculus obliquus externus abdominis, musculus obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis activity among women with stress urinary incontinence using ultrasonography.Material and methodsMaterial and methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of prospective collected data of 84 women aged 23-62 years old. In the study group are women suffering from grade 1 or 2 stress urinary incontinence according to the Stamey classification, the control group consists of women with no micturition disorders. The abdominal muscles activity was measured by using the ultrasound imaging with assessment of muscle thickness.ResultsThe analysis of musculus obliquus externus abdominis in anterolateral abdominal wall activity shows a statistically significant difference between study and control group concerning isometric tension of abdominal muscles (p=0,012) and lower part of abdomen tension (p=0,004). Women with stress urinary incontinence present a higher activity of the musculus obliquus externus abdominis than controls. In the case of the musculus obliquus internus abdominis, statistically significant differences were shown during tension of the lower part of the abdomen (p=0,024). Comparison of activity of the musculus transversus abdominis between study and control groups shows a statistically significant difference during isometric tension of abdominal muscles (p=0,018).ConclusionsThe pattern of activity of the assessed muscles differs between the study group and the control group. In the study group, the activity pattern is concerning the higher activity of the musculus obliquus externus abdominis and the lower activity of the musculus obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis.

scholarly journals Transperineal Ultrasound Assessment of a Cystocele’s Impact on the Bladder Neck Mobility in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Maria-Patricia Rada ◽  
Răzvan Ciortea ◽  
Andrei Măluțan ◽  
Doru Diculescu ◽  
Costin Berceanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Transperineal Ultrasound ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neck Mobility ◽  
Bladder Neck Mobility

Background and objectives: As pelvic floor disorders are often difficult to assess thoroughly based on clinical examination alone, the use of imaging as a complementary technique is helpful. This study’s aim was to investigate by transperineal ultrasound (US) if there was any significant difference in the mobility of the bladder neck in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) without a cystocele and in those with SUI and an associated cystocele. The study also investigated whether the number of vaginal births and/or the heaviest newborn’s birth weight was correlated with the bladder neck mobility. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 women suffering from SUI were included in the study and divided into two groups based on the presence of a cystocele. Their bladder neck mobility was evaluated by transperineal US, calculating the distance from the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis to the bladder neck (SPBN), and the dorsocaudal linear movement (DLM), term used to illustrate the displacement of the bladder neck by subtracting rest and Valsalva values. GraphPad Prism 8 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Within both study groups, the SPBN values were significantly higher and the DLM values were significantly lower at rest as compared to Valsalva maneuver (p < 0.05). No significant difference between the groups regarding SPBN and DLM values at rest, Valsalva, or subtraction was demonstrated. A significant positive correlation was found between the bladder neck mobility and the heaviest newborn’s birth weight, regardless of the presence of a cystocele (p = 0.042). Conclusions: The presence of a cystocele had no significant impact on the bladder neck mobility measurements in patients with SUI. The heaviest newborn’s birth weight positively correlated with bladder neck hypermobility, as quantified by SPBN.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Physiotherapy for Urinary Incontinence following Prostate Cancer Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Rajkowska-Labon ◽  
Stanisław Bakuła ◽  
Marek Kucharzewski ◽  
Zbigniew Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The study enrolled 81 with urinary incontinence following radical prostate-only prostatectomy for prostatic carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups. The patients in Group I were additionally subdivided into two subgroups with respect to the physiotherapeutic method used. The patients of subgroup IA received a rehabilitation program consisting of three parts. The patients of subgroup IB rehabilitation program consist of two parts. Group II, a control group, had reported for therapy for persistent urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy but had not entered therapy for personal reasons. For estimating the level of incontinence, a 1-hour and 24-hour urinary pad tests, the miction diary, and incontinence questionnaire were used, and for recording the measurements of pelvic floor muscles tension, the sEMG (surface electromyography) was applied. The therapy duration depended on the level of incontinence and it continued for not longer than 12 months. Superior continence outcomes were obtained in Group I versus Group II and the difference was statistically significant. The odds ratio for regaining continence was greater in the rehabilitated Group I and smaller in the group II without the rehabilitation. A comparison of continence outcomes revealed a statistically significant difference between Subgroups IA versus IB. The physiotherapeutic procedures applied on patients with urine incontinence after prostatectomy, for most of them, proved to be an effective way of acting, which is supported by the obtained results.

scholarly journals Effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica) leaf extract on mice spermatogenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
NUR AMALINA ◽  
SUYATMI SUYATMI ◽  
ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH SUPARYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Amalina N, Suyatmi, Suparyanti EL. 2010. Effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica) leaf extract on mice spermatogenesis. Biofarmasi 8: 47-51. This research aimed to determine the effect of beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) leaf extract in habiting spermatogenesis. Flavonoids can inhibit aromatase enzyme that function to catalyze the conversion of androgens into estrogen so that the level of the testosterone hormone will increase. The high concentration of testosterone will affect on the feedback to the pituitary, that not releasing FSH and LH, so it will inhibit spermatogenesis. This research is an experimental research with post-test only controlled group design method, using male mice, 2-3 months age, weight 20-30 g, as many as 24 mice divided into 4 groups. The first group was a control group, the second group as treatment group I that given with 1.4 mg/20 g body weight beluntas extract, the third group as treatment group II that given with 2.8 mg/g body weight beluntas extract. The fourth group as treatment group III that given with 5.6 mg/g body weight beluntas extract. The treatment was given for 10 days after that the testes of mice were taken and from each testicle was made 3 slices and from each slice the most representative seminiferous tubule was taken for spermatid cells. So, each mice had 18 units of data would be analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed with Anova to determine the significant differences before and after the treatment of extract and to be compared the difference between four groups with Dunnet T3 test to determine the difference between each group. Based on the statistical test results with Dunnet T3, it showed a significant difference between the fours study groups, except between treatment groups I and II. This might be due to the effectiveness of the two doses equally so that by doubling the dose, it did not give a doubling effect on decreasing spermatids. The provision of beluntas leaf extract can cause a decrease in the number of spermatid cells in mice. The average spermatid cells number decreased with increasing beluntas leaf extract dose. The best dose for reducing the number of spermatids in this study was the dose in the treatment group III that was 5.6 mg/g body weight.

scholarly journals Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength Stress Urinary Incontinence

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Asih Anggraeni ◽  
Surahman Hakim ◽  
Budi I. Santoso ◽  
Tyas Priyatini ◽  
Fernandi Moegni
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Cough Test ◽  
Significant Difference

  Objective: To examine the relationship between muscle strength and muscle thickness of levator ani with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.Methods: This study uses a comparative cross-sectional study design. We collected 82 women who visiting the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo with the study group were subjects with positive cough tests while the control group were subjects with negative cough tests. The data obtained in the form of history taking, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), physical examination (POPQ), cough test. perineometer, and ultrasound.Results: We found no significant difference between the levator ani muscle thickness to the incidence of SUI with the median levator ani muscle thickness 0.63 cm (range 0.31-1.02 and p = 0.897). While levator ani muscle strength against SUI has a median of 19.5 (range 4.6-88.6 and p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis it was found that purely SUI, prolapse and age had no significant effect on the strength of levator ani muscles with a p-value of 0.243; 0.844; 0.903.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in levator ani muscle thickness between women who experience SUI compared to those who do not. Women with SUI have weaker levator ani muscle strength than those who do not experience but are not statistically significant. And there is no correlation between muscle strength and levator ani muscle thickness in women with SUI.Keywords: muscle strength, muscle thickness, perineometer, stress urinary incontinence, ultrasound.   Abstrak Tujuan : Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kekuatan otot dan ketebalan otot levator ani dengan keluhan IU-T pada perempuan.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain perbandingan potong lintang dengan melibatkan 82 wanita yang berkunjung di poliklinik Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan kelompok studi adalah subyek dengan tes batuk positif sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah subyek dengan tes batuk negative. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil anamnesis, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), pemeriksaan fisik (POPQ), tes batuk. perineometer , dan USG.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara ketebalan otot levator ani terhadap kejadian IUT dengan median ketebalan otot levator ani 0,63 cm (jarak 0,31-1,02 dan p=0,897). Sedangkan kekuatan otot levator ani terhadap IUT memiliki median 19,5 (jarak 4,6-88,6 dan p=0,001). Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan bukti bahwa secara murni IUT, prolap dan usia tidak mempunyai pengaruh bermakna terhadap kekuatan otot levator ani dengan nilai p masing-masing 0,243; 0,844; 0,903.Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada ketebalan otot levator ani antara perempuan yang mengalami IU-T dibanding yang tidak mengalami. Perempuan IU-T mempunyai kekuatan otot levator ani yang lebih lemah dibanding yang tidak mengalami, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Tidak terdapat hubungan korelasi antara kekuatan otot dan ketebalan otot levator ani pada perempuan yang mengalami IU-T. Kata kunci : inkontinensia urin jenis tekanan, ketebalan otot, kekuatan otot, perineometer, USG

scholarly journals Effect of submucosal injection of ketorolac versus dexamethasone on postoperative pain after third molar surgery: a randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariush Hasheminia ◽  
Reyhaneh Faghihian ◽  
Farhad Mardani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Third Molar Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impacted Third Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background One of the most common dentoalveolar surgeries is the removal of impacted third molars. Moderate to severe pain is predictable after these surgeries, usually leaving the patient in need of an effective analgesic for at least 24 h. Corticosteroids and NSAIDs are well-known medications used to reduce pain. This prospective, randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of two types of analgesics, ketorolac and dexamethasone, on pain experienced after unilateral impacted third molar surgery. The analgesics were injected sublingually after profound anesthesia was confirmed in 60 healthy adult patients. During this study, the patients were divided into three groups. The patients in group K received 1 mL of ketorolac (30 mg), while the patients in group D received 1 mL of dexamethasone (4 mg) sublingually. The patients in group C (the control group) received 1 mL of normal saline solution as a placebo. Results The mean pain scores reported by the patients in groups K and D were significantly lower than group C (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the difference between groups D and K was not significant (P = 0.158). The mean number of analgesics taken by patients in groups K and D 24 h after surgery was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). At 48 and 72 h postoperatively, however, the difference was not significant between the study groups (P > 0.05). The mean time of the first analgesic taken by the patients in groups K and D was 200.94 and 214.74 min after surgery, respectively. Exhibiting a significant difference, it was 132.65 min for the patients in group C (P = 0.003). Conclusions Under this study’s limitations, preoperative sublingual injection of ketorolac and dexamethasone were similarly effective in pain control after impacted third molar surgery.

Success Rate of Obturation of Root Canals by Different Techniques in Primary Molars: A Comparative Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Satyawan G. Damle ◽  
Ritika Bansal ◽  
Dhanashree D. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study

Objective: To compare the success rate of different obturation procedures in primary mandibular second molars clinically and also by digital radiovisiography. Methods: A total of 40 children aged between 4-8 years with deeply carious mandibular second primary molars indicated for single session pulpectomy were selected. Canals were obturated with Metapex. The 3 study groups (Endodontic plugger, Handheld lentulospiral, Navi Tip syringe) were compared with the control group (reamer) both clinically and radiovisiographically. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The use of Navi tip syringe led to the least number of voids followed by Endodontic plugger and Reamer and the highest number of voids was reported with Lentulospiral. Navitip presented maximum number of optimally filled cases followed by Endodontic plugger and Lentulospiral and least number of optimally filled cases with reamer. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the groups with clinical (pain and tenderness to percussion) and radiographic parameters (presence or absence of voids and length of obturation). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, though the clinical outcome was statistically insignificant, Navitip syringe exhibited encouraging results and is a promising option for obturation in primary teeth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

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