scholarly journals Simulating the Effects of Noncrossing Block Sections Setting Rules on Capacity Loss of Double-Track Railway Line due to the Operation of out-of-Gauge Trains

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinggui Zhang ◽  
Qiong-fang Zeng ◽  
Dingyou Lei ◽  
Xinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Model ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Railway Capacity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Double Track

Dispatchers often set noncrossing block sections (NCBSs) for railway out-of-gauge train (OGT) running on double-track railway line for safety reasons. In this paper, we will investigate the best location, length, and number of noncrossing block sections to reduce railway capacity loss due to the operation of OGTs. Firstly, yielding, overtaking, stopping, starting, and other operation rules for OGTs running on double-track railway line were designed, and a simulation model based on cellular automata was further put forward. Then, an assessment model for double-track railway line capacity loss due to the operation of OGTs was set up. Some simulation experiments and the comparisons of these results were further given to achieve the optimal setting of NCBS for OGTs running on double-track railway line. In the case of NCBSs number minus one, capacity loss caused by the operation of OGTs can be reduced up to 15.2% in the upstream direction and 6.3% in the downstream direction. Also, the NCBSs should lie at the nearest block sections (BSs) to depot stations and the NCBSs lengths should be as less as possible.

scholarly journals The architecture of decision-making support systems used for the rational railway capacity management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Ljubaj ◽  
Tomislav Josip Mlinarić ◽  
Slavko Vesković ◽  
Dušan Jeremić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Support System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Railway Capacity ◽  
Double Track ◽  
Decision Making Support

Decision-making support systems in railway transport are systems that make it easier for traffic controllers and dispatchers involved in the regulation of train traffic to make individual decisions more easily and accurately. Without such systems, dispatchers usually make decisions based on previous experiences and feelings they have developed working in train traffic control. However, quality decision-making support systems are based on large amounts of data processed by one or several different artificial intelligence techniques. This paper will examine the architecture of such a system in railway transport, which helps the dispatcher to make decisions based on different criteria and values of individual criteria. The architecture of this decision-making support system has been developed to equal or, if necessary, use the maximum available double-track railway line capacity to resolve delays caused by lack of capacity for any given route. This system has been developed for the specific configuration of a double track, whereby each track is intended for one direction of train traffic. This paper will lay the foundation for understanding decision-making support systems and for the development of a specific model of decision-making support system in practice.

Research on Outdoor Positioning Based on Ray Tracing Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 3039-3042
Author(s):  
Xian Qiang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Tracking Point ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tracing Method

GPS can’t detect the signal because of the cell complex environment in the outdoor and poor radio wave propagation conditions, so that the positioning result is not ideal. However, the positioning method using the ray tracing prediction of radio waves, the tracking point of the scene from all the source radiation, record the relevant parameters, and then positioned within the microcell environment can satisfy the demand. The principle of ray tracing was firstly introduced in this paper, then an outdoor positioning model was set up, finally, the corresponding simulation experiments was implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of ray tracing positioning in the outdoor environments.

Optimal Performance of Ships Under Combined Power and Sail

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
John S. Letcher
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Analytic Solutions ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Set Up

A simplified hydrodynamic and economic model is developed to describe the operation of a ship equipped with both sails and engine. In the range of light-to-moderate winds in which use of the engine is likely to be economical, the vessel is described by a characteristic speed, a characteristic fixed-cost rate, and five dimensionless parameters (four hydrodynamic, one economic). The model includes simultaneous optimization of three control variables: sail lift, throttle setting, and course angle; optimal setting of variable draft devices can be included optionally. Although no analytic solutions are attained, the simultaneous equations expressing minimization of cost per mile made good are set up, and a general algorithm is given for numerical solution of these problems. As an illustrative example, numerical values are worked out for the 30,000-dwt square-rigged bulk cargo ship from the 1975 University of Michigan study.

Coordination Degree Assessment Model for Regional Industrial Water Utilization Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3343-3346
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Da Wei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Water System ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Urban Water System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Coordination Degree

More reasonable management for water resources use may be critical to survive water crisis and realize sustainable development of urban-water system. This work attempts to set up a assessment model for regional industrial water utilization structure based on synergetics theory and grey method. In this model, both economic benefit and environmental effect are considered.

scholarly journals Optimization of Energetic Train Cooperation

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbaniak ◽  
Kardas-Cinal ◽  
Jacyna
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Double Track ◽  
Time Reserve

In the article, possible ways of using energy recovered during regenerative braking of trains are presented. It is pointed out that the return of recovered electricity directly to the catenary and its use in the energy cooperation of vehicles can be a no-cost method (without additional infrastructure). The method of energy cooperation between trains and its main assumptions, that uses the law of conservation of energy, are described in detail. An original model is proposed which assumes optimization by controlling the train arrival time at the station within the technical time reserve. Optimization method was used metaheuristic and adapted swarm algorithm called the firefly algorithm. An exemplary simulation of the energy cooperation of trains for selected stops of a double-track railway line of the Tricity Rapid Urban Railway has been done and the obtained results are presented. Finally, in discussion and conclusions, the results were summarized and the significance of the development of the discussed method for transport rationalization was presented.

scholarly journals Operational criteria in the justification of electrification of railway lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Andrzej Massel
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Stock ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Single Track ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Post War ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Double Track

The process of electrification of the Polish railways took place from 1936 till early 1990s. Despite the political constraints of the post-war times, the decisions on electrification of particular sections of the railway network were usually based on economic factors. In 1970s and 1980s so called electrification thresholds were used to justify the need for electrification of railway line in question. They took into the number of tracks (single-track lines, double-track lines), terrain conditions (flat terrain, upland terrain) and the traffic structure (the share of passenger traffic) into account. In the framework of National Railway Program till 2023 (KPK) the realization of electrification projects have been undertaken again. The present paper deals with importance of the operational criteria in the decision-making concerning justification of electrification of railway lines. These criteria include the shortening of the journey times on particular sections, shortening of stops on the stations with the change of the type of traction, the savings of train operating companies resulting from the traction unification (change of demand for rolling stock and for workshops for its servicing), improvement of reliability and punctuality of services.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Splash Erosion Devices for Rainfall Simulation Experiments: A Laboratory Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernández-Raga ◽  
Julián Campo ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Saskia D. Keesstra
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Set Up

For the study of soil erosion it is important to set up the experiments well. In the experimental design one of the key factors is the choice of the measurement device. This is especially important when one part of the erosion process needs to be isolated, such as for splash erosion. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to list the general characteristics of the commonly used splash erosion devices and to discuss the performance, to be able to relate them, and make suggestions regarding their use. The devices we selected for this comparative comparison were: the splash cup, funnel, Morgan tray, Tübingen cup, tower, and the gutter. The devices were tested under the same conditions (rainfall characteristics, slope, and soil type) to assess their hydrological response under different intensities of simulated rainfall. All devices were installed on a sloping plot (10°) with sandy soil, and were exposed to 10 min. of simulated rain with intensities ranging from 60 to 172 mm/h to measure the splashed sediment, and to describe problems and differences among them. The results showed that the Tübingen cup was the best performing device to measure kinetic energy of the rain, but, because of its design, it is not possible to measure the detached splashed sediment under natural (field) conditions. On the other hand, the funnel device showed a significant relation with rain intensity because it loses little sediment to washing. In addition, the device is easy to use and cheap. Therefore, this device is highly recommended to estimated splash erosion. to the good performance measuring the actual splash erosion, because it loses little sediment by washing. The device is also cheap and easy to install and manage.

The Programming Model about Petroleum Pipeline

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2704-2707
Author(s):  
Wen Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Nonlinear Programming Model ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

Through two refineries to the railway line distance and the distance between the two refineries of different situations, the nonlinear programming model is set up. In the model through the economic and security programs for the laying of oil pipelines, pipeline price oil pipeline on the laying of the program, the city laying pipelines on the pipeline laying of additional costs related to the analysis of the problem, we solve the problem. We solve the problem of oil pipeline layout, and give the best solution to the laying of oil pipelines.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment of Air Material Suppliers

2014 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Zhong Lv
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Science Assessment ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Assessment Index System ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Science assessment to air material suppliers is an effective measure that insures cost controlling and safety operating of an airline. Through analyzing the main factors of the air material suppliers, this paper constructs an assessment index system of the air material suppliers. The weights of assessment indexes is determined by means of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). A assessment model of air material suppliers based on fuzzy comprehensive theory has also been set up. The model is validated through example. This prove that the method can give an overall comprehensive assessment level of the air material suppliers.

scholarly journals Railway Planning Double-Double Track (Case Study of Bekasi Station km 26 + 652 - Jatinegara Station km 12 + 050

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Ido Prasetio ◽  
Andri Irfan Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Single Track ◽  
Train Track ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Railway Planning ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Double Track ◽  
The Impact

Increasing the number of population and the development of activities will cause a growing need for space every day, this will result in physical changes and urban land use and can cause increased intensity of population movement from Megapolitan cities such as Bekasi, Bogor and Tangerang to the Metropolitan city (DKI Jakarta). Some people have now started to move from private vehicles to use public (mass) transportation such as buses, transjakarta, and electric rail trains or commonly known as KRL Commuter Line that serve Jabodetabek routes. The impact of crossing also causes buildup at each station. Train track with a single track (single track) is considered ineffective and inefficient and vulnerable to train accidents due to human error. It is necessary to develop or develop a double track to become a double-double track Bekasi Station km 26 + 652 - Jatinegara Station km 12 + 050. The research location is on the railway line from Bekasi Station to Jatinegara Station. The length of the train track is around 16 km and has 7 stations that are traversed, 5 of which are active (stop) and 2 passive stations.

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