scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-Led Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Clinic in Rural Perry County, Alabama

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pilar Z. Murphy ◽  
Charles Sands ◽  
Frances Ford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Perry County

Background.The Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Clinic (CRRC) in Perry County, Alabama, provides free pharmacist-led services. Clinic goals include improving health outcomes and reducing cardiovascular risk factors.Objective.To investigate the effectiveness of the CRRC in rural Perry County, Alabama. The reduction of the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure and body mass index, was evaluated to measure a decrease from baseline to last clinic date.Methods.This retrospective chart review identified 130 patients with at least two blood pressure and BMI measurements from baseline to June 30, 2010. The patients’ paper files were used to collect baseline data and most recent measurements, which were recorded on a data collection sheet.Results.There was a statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure of 4.08 mmHg, 3.25 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure, and 0.42 kg/m2reduction in mean BMI. At their last visit prior to June 30, 2010, 59% of hypertensive patients and 35% of diabetic patients were meeting their blood pressure goals.Conclusion.Pharmacist-led management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors significantly reduced blood pressure and allowed more patients to meet their hypertension treatment goals. Despite being modest, reductions in blood pressure and BMI help reduce overall cardiovascular risks.

Modification of Cardiovascular Risk Factors during Antihypertensive Treatment: A Multicentre Trial with Quinapril

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Manzato ◽  
A Capurso ◽  
G Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intent To Treat

A large multicentre study involving 6003 [3044 males, 2959 females; mean (± SD) age 59 ± 11 years] mild-to-severe hypertensive patients was carried out to evaluate the effects of the angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril on blood pressure and on metabolic cardiovascular risk factors during 3 − 6 months' treatment (mean follow-up 90.4 days). The study population included 551 elderly [mean (± SD) age 71.9 ± 9.3 years] patients, 1314 subjects with diabetes mellitus and 154 non-diabetic patients with hyperlipaemia; 4% of patients were lost to follow-up. Diastolic blood pressure decreased from 102 to 87 mmHg (intent-to-treat analysis) and 62% of patients were normalized (diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg) at the last evaluable visit. Overall, serum lipids were favourably affected during quinapril treatment; when corrected for changes in body weight, a significant improvement in total, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides was detected. Quinapril treatment in elderly patients was efficacious and well tolerated, and quinapril appears to be an effective antihypertensive drug devoid of untoward effects on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Association of Depression and the Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Blood Pressure, HbA1c, and Body Mass Index among Patients with Diabetes: Results from the Translating Research into Action for Diabetes Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay B. Kimbro ◽  
W. Neil Steers ◽  
Carol M. Mangione ◽  
O. Kenrik Duru ◽  
Susan L. Ettner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Diabetic patients are nearly three times as likely to have depression as their nondiabetic counterparts. Patients with diabetes are already at risk for poor cardiovascular health. Using cross-sectional data from the translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD) study, the authors tested the association of depression with cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients. Depression was measured using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ8). Patients who scored greater than 9 on the PHQ8 were classified as depressed and were compared with those who were not depressed(n=2,341). Depressed patients did not have significantly different blood pressure levels than those who were not depressed. However, those who were depressed had higher HbA1c levels than those who were not depressed(P<0.01)and higher BMIs than those who were not depressed(P<0.01). These results indicate that depressed diabetic patients are at greater risk of having poor control of cardiovascular risk factors and suggest that depression screening should be a standard practice among this patient group.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis – evaluation and treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Luminiţa Matei ◽  
Irinel Parepa ◽  
Cristina Șuța ◽  
Maria Șuța
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Organic Heart Disease

Abstract Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Consecrated cardiovascular risk management strategies are underused in this patients. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, in rheumatoid arthritis hospitalized patients, the level of cardiovascular risk and the degree of implementation of currently recommended cardiovascular risk reduction treatments. Materials and methods: 130 active rheumatoid arthritis patients, consecutively admitted in the Rheumatology Clinic of our hospital, were evaluated based on clinical exam, routine biochemistry, X-ray, electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasound. We noted the characteristics of the rheumatic disease, the cardiovascular risk factors and organic heart disease. The risk for cardiac death at 10 years was estimated using the SCORE table; and adequate use of cardiovascular risk reduction therapies (antiaggregants, statin, antihypertensive medication) was checked. Results: Organic heart disease was identified in 28.4% of the patients. The most frequent encountered risk factors were dyslipidemia (62.3%), hypertension (54.6%) and abdominal obesity (53%). Globally, 66,1% of the patients were classified as having high cardiovascular risk. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were treated in 81.6%, respective 40.7% of the cases and controlled to recommended therapeutic goals in 70.4%, respective 22.2%. Among the patients with a symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, less than one half (48.6%) were treated with antiaggregants. Conclusion: Organic heart disease was frequent among rheumatoid arthritis patients; the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were hypertension, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. The treatment and control rates for hypertension were acceptable, but statins and antiaggregants were grossly underused.

scholarly journals Hypothetical interventions and risk of myocardial infarction in a general population: application of the parametric g-formula in a longitudinal cohort study—the Tromsø Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e035584
Author(s):  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Anne Merete Vangen-Lønne ◽  
Ellisiv Mathiesen ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Absolute Risk

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to use the parametric g-formula to estimate the 19-year risk of myocardial infarction (MI) under hypothetical interventions on six cardiovascular risk factors.Design and settingA populations-based cohort study with repeated measurements, the Tromsø Study.Primary outcome measureMyocardial infarction.ParticipantsWe estimated the relative and absolute risk reduction under feasible and intensive risk reduction strategies for smoking, physical activity, alcohol drinking, body mass index, total serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in 14 965 men and women with 19 years of follow-up (1994–2013).ResultsThe estimated 19-year risk of MI under no intervention was 7.5% in individuals with baseline mean age 49.3 years (range 25–69). This risk was reduced by 30% (95% CI 19% to 39%) under joint feasible interventions on all risk factors, and 70% (60%, 78%) under a set of more intensive interventions. The most effective interventions were lowering of total cholesterol to 5.18 mmol/L and lowering of systolic blood pressure to 120 mm Hg (33% and 37% lower MI risk, respectively). The absolute risk reductions were significantly larger in men, in older participants, in smokers and in those with low education.ConclusionModification of population levels of cardiovascular risk factors could have prevented close to one-third of the cases of MI in the municipality of Tromsø during 19 years of follow-up.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF GLYCEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PRIMARY CARE IN MONTENEGRO

2018 ◽  
pp. 016
Author(s):  
Milena M. Cojić ◽  
Ljiljana Cvejanov-Kezunović ◽  
Jelena Stanković ◽  
Nebojša Kavarić ◽  
Maja Koraćević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Mean

Some observational studies have shown that only a small number of diabetic patients achieve optimum control of glycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in primary care achieve adequate control of glycemic levels and cardiovascular risk factors. This was a retrospective, record-based, cross-sectional study that included eligible patients from 35 to 90 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in Primary Health Care Center in Podgorica. We investigated electronic records of 531 diabetic patients. The observed prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among individuals between ages 35 and 90 years, was 11,84 %. Half of the patients were female. The mean age was 65,88±9,86 years. The mean value of HbA1c was 7,56±1,71. Fifty-nine percents of patients achieved optimal levels of HbA1c ≤ 7 %. Also, more than half of patients achieved target levels of blood pressure while 27.9% achieved LDL ≤ 2.6 mmol/L. Fifty percent of patients were non-smokers and 45.1 % were obese. Among patients on primary prevention only 5.7 % had met all target levels while on secondary prevention that number was even smaller 3.7 %. Our study showed that control of HbA1c and blood pressure was similar to other studies but reaching target levels of LDL was challenging for our patients. Further analysis are needed in order to discover the reasons for poor control of certain CVRF and to develop strategies for its optimal management.

scholarly journals Higher cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly associated with lower cardiovascular risk factors in firefighters: a cross-sectional study in a German fire brigade

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Strauss ◽  
Peter Foshag ◽  
Ulrich Jehn ◽  
Anna Brzęk ◽  
Henning Littwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure

AbstractPrevious studies have shown significant cardiovascular risks in firefighters and that they suffer from cardiovascular events, especially on duty. Otherwise, adequate cardiorespiratory fitness is considered to have a protective effect in reducing cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risks factors in firefighters. We enrolled ninety-seven male German firefighters in this cross-sectional study of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors. We used spiroergometry testing to estimate oxygen consumption to determine cardiorespiratory fitness and to calculate metabolic equivalents. We evaluated cardiovascular risk factors included nicotine consumption, lipid profiles, body composition, resting blood pressure, and heart rate. We evaluated cardiovascular risk factors included nicotine consumption, lipid profiles, body composition, resting blood pressure and heart rate. The comparison of association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors was performed by using χ2-test, analysis of variance, general linear regression with/without adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI). This study demonstrated a strong association between lower cardiovascular risk factors and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. There were significantly lower values for BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage and resting systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (all p < 0.0443, age-adjusted) with increased cardiorespiratory fitness. Only 19.6% (n = 19) of the examined firefighters were classified as “fit and not obese”, 48.4% (n = 47) were “low fit and not obese” and 30.9% (n = 30) were “low fit and obese”. The results clarify that increasing cardiorespiratory fitness is a fundamental point for the reduction and prevention of cardiovascular complications in firefighters. It could be demonstrated, especially for central risk factors, particularly BMI, waist circumference, sytolic resting blood pressure and triglyceride values. Therefore, firefighters should be motivated to increase their cardiorespiratory fitness for the beneficial effect of decreasing cardiovascular risk profile.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Effect of Dietary Education on Cardiovascular risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Taheri ◽  
Shahram Molavynejad ◽  
Parvin Abedi ◽  
Elham Rajaei ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Education

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary education on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 112 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned into two groups, intervention and control. Dietary education was provided for the intervention group in 4 sessions; anthropometric measurements, serum levels of RF, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and fasting blood sugar were measured before and three months after intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests. Results: The mean of total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.004), LDL (p <0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), FBS and BMI (p <0.001) were decreased significantly in the intervention group after education compared the control group. Conclusion: Traditional care for rheumatoid arthritis patients is not enough. Patients need more education in order to improve their situation.

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