scholarly journals Protective Effect of Psoralea corylifolia L. Seed Extract against Palmitate-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunkyoung Lee ◽  
Hee-Sook Jun ◽  
Yoon Sin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Psoralea Corylifolia ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Bax Protein

The extract of Psoralea corylifolia seeds (PCE) has been widely used as a herbal medicine because of its beneficial effect on human health. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of PCE on palmitate- (PA-) induced toxicity in PC12 cells, a neuron-like cell line. PCE significantly increased cell viability in PA-treated PC12 cells and showed antiapoptotic effects, as evidenced by decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and bax protein as well as increased expression of bcl-2 protein. In addition, PCE treatment reduced PA-induced reactive oxygen species production and upregulated mRNA levels of antioxidant genes such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and heme oxygenase 1. Moreover, PCE treatment recovered the expression of autophagy marker genes such as beclin-1 and p62, which was decreased by PA treatment. Treatment with isopsoralen, one of the major components of PCE extract, also recovered the expression of autophagy marker genes and reduced PA-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, PCE exerts protective effects against lipotoxicity via its antioxidant function, and this effect is mediated by activation of autophagy. PCE might be a potential pharmacological agent to protect against neuronal cell injury caused by oxidative stress or lipotoxicity.

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. E806-E814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Pilegaard ◽  
George A. Ordway ◽  
Bengt Saltin ◽  
P. Darrell Neufer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Mrna Levels

Exercise training elicits a number of adaptive changes in skeletal muscle that result in an improved metabolic efficiency. The molecular mechanisms mediating the cellular adaptations to exercise training in human skeletal muscle are unknown. To test the hypothesis that recovery from exercise is associated with transcriptional activation of specific genes, six untrained male subjects completed 60–90 min of exhaustive one-legged knee extensor exercise for five consecutive days. On day 5, nuclei were isolated from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle of the untrained and the trained leg before exercise and from the trained leg immediately after exercise and after 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of recovery. Transcriptional activity of the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes (relative to β-actin) increased by three- to sevenfold in response to exercise, peaking after 1–2 h of recovery. Increases in mRNA levels followed changes in transcription, peaking between 2 and 4 h after exercise. Lipoprotein lipase and carnitine pamitoyltransferase I gene transcription and mRNA levels showed similar but less dramatic induction patterns, with increases ranging from two- to threefold. In a separate study, a single 4-h bout of cycling exercise ( n = 4) elicited from 5 to >20-fold increases in UCP3, PDK4, and HO-1 transcription, suggesting that activation of these genes may be related to the duration or intensity of exercise. These data demonstrate that exercise induces transient increases in transcription of metabolic genes in human skeletal muscle. Moreover, the findings suggest that the cumulative effects of transient increases in transcription during recovery from consecutive bouts of exercise may represent the underlying kinetic basis for the cellular adaptations associated with exercise training.

scholarly journals Isorhynchophylline Protects PC12 Cells Against Beta-Amyloid-Induced Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Fang Xian ◽  
Zhi-Xiu Lin ◽  
Qing-Qiu Mao ◽  
Jian-Nan Chen ◽  
Zi-Ren Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

The neurotoxicity of amyloid-β(Aβ) has been implicated as a critical cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Isorhynchophylline (IRN), an oxindole alkaloid isolated fromUncaria rhynchophylla,exerts neuroprotective effect againstAβ25–35-induced neurotoxicityin vitro. However, the exact mechanism for its neuroprotective effect is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of IRN againstAβ25–35-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Pretreatment with IRN significantly increased the cell viability, inhibited the release of lactate dehydrogenase and the extent of DNA fragmentation inAβ25–35-treated cells. IRN treatment was able to enhance the protein levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β(p-GSK-3β). Lithium chloride blockedAβ25–35-induced cellular apoptosis in a similar manner as IRN, suggesting that GSK-3βinhibition was involved in neuroprotective action of IRN. Pretreatment with LY294002 completely abolished the protective effects of IRN. Furthermore, IRN reversedAβ25–35-induced attenuation in the level of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) and the effect of IRN could be blocked by the PI3K inhibitor. These experimental findings unambiguously suggested that the protective effect of IRN againstAβ25–35-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was associated with the enhancement of p-CREB expression via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3βsignaling pathway.

scholarly journals Vascular Protective Role of Samul-Tang in HUVECs: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NO

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Sik Choi ◽  
Yun Jung Lee ◽  
Chang Seob Seo ◽  
Jung Joo Yoon ◽  
Byung Hyuk Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Monocyte Adhesion

Samul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT), composed of four medicinal herbs, is a well-known herbal formula treating hematological disorder or gynecologic disease. However, vascular protective effects of SMT and its molecular mechanisms on the vascular endothelium, known as the central spot of vascular inflammatory process, are not reported. The aim of this study was to investigate vascular protective effects of SMT water extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Water extract of SMT was prepared and identified by HPLC-PDA analysis. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot. Nuclear localization of NF-κB and Nrf2 was visualized by immunofluorescence and DNA binding activity of NF-κB was measured. ROS production, HL-60 monocyte adhesion, and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) were also measured using a fluorescent indicator. SMT suppressed NF-κB translocation and activation as well as expression of CAMs, monocyte adhesion, and ROS production induced by TNF-αin HUVECs. SMT treated HUVECs showed upregulation of HO-1 and NO which are responsible for vascular protective action. Our study suggests that SMT, a traditionally used herbal formula, protects the vascular endothelium from inflammation and might be used as a promising vascular protective drug.

scholarly journals 1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone Ameliorates l-DOPA-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Park ◽  
Jong Kang ◽  
Myung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ) has previously been found to have effective anti-oxidant and anti-lipid-peroxidative activity. We aimed to elucidate whether HTHQ can prevent dopaminergic neuronal cell death by investigating the effect on l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. HTHQ protected from both l-DOPA-induced cell death and superoxide dismutase activity reduction. When assessing the effect of HTHQ on oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, HTHQ inhibited l-DOPA-induced phosphorylation of sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2). HTHQ also normalized l-DOPA-reduced Bcl-2-associated death protein (Bad) phosphorylation and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression, promoting cell survival. Taken together, HTHQ exhibits protective effects against l-DOPA-induced cell death through modulation of the ERK1/2-p38MAPK-JNK1/2-Bad-Bax signaling pathway in PC12 cells. These results suggest that HTHQ may show ameliorative effects against oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death, although further studies in animal models of Parkinson’s disease are required to confirm this.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Gas Attenuates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury via Regulation of the MAPK/HO-1/PGC-1a Pathway in Neonatal Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Wang ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Zhiheng Chen ◽  
Guojiao Wu ◽  
Masayuki Fujino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Differentiated Pc12 Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of death in neonates with no effective treatments. Recent advancements in hydrogen (H2) gas offer a promising therapeutic approach for ischemia reperfusion injury; however, the impact of this approach for HIE remains a subject of debate. We assessed the therapeutic effects of H2 gas on HIE and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). H2 inhalation significantly attenuated neuronal injury and effectively improved early neurological outcomes in neonatal HIBI rats as well as learning and memory in adults. This protective effect was associated with initiation time and duration of sustained H2 inhalation. Furthermore, H2 inhalation reduced the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and caspase-3 while promoting the expression of Bcl-2, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). H2 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and dephosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells. Inhibitors of MAPKs blocked H2-induced HO-1 expression. HO-1 small interfering RNA decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and reversed the protectivity of H2 against OGD/R-induced cell death. These findings suggest that H2 augments cellular antioxidant defense capacity through activation of MAPK signaling pathways, leading to HO-1 expression and subsequent upregulation of PGC-1α and SIRT-1 expression. Thus, upregulation protects NGF-differentiated PC12 cells from OGD/R-induced oxidative cytotoxicity. In conclusion, H2 inhalation exerted protective effects on neonatal rats with HIBI. Early initiation and prolonged H2 inhalation had better protective effects on HIBI. These effects of H2 may be related to antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory responses. HO-1 plays an important role in H2-mediated protection through the MAPK/HO-1/PGC-1α pathway. Our results support further assessment of H2 as a potential therapeutic for neurological conditions in which oxidative stress and apoptosis are implicated.

scholarly journals Effect of Glutathione Depletion on Nrf2/ARE Activation by Deltamethrin in PC12 Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huangyuan Li ◽  
Siying Wu ◽  
Junnian Chen ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Nian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is important for cell protection against chemical-induced oxidative stress. Previously, we have reported that in PC12 cells, Nrf2 can be triggered by deltamethrin (DM), a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide. Molecular mechanisms behind Nrf2 activation by DM are still unclear. Here we studied the effects of cell glutathione (GSH) depletion on Nrf2 activation by DM. We found that DM enhanced Nrf2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels and increased nuclear Nrf2 levels. Activation of Nrf2 was associated with activation of its downstream targets, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). In contrast, DL-buthionine-[S,R]- sulfoximine (BSO), a known GSH-depleting agent, did not increase Nrf2 protein expression or cause its nuclear accumulation. However, pre-treatment with BSO triggered mRNA expression of HO-1 and GCLC. Furthermore, BSO pre-treatment suppressed DM-induced Nrf2 upregulation and activation and lowered mRNA expression of HO-1 and GCLC upon DM treatment. These data demonstrate that GSH depletion is not necessary for the activation of Nrf2/ARE by DM in PC12 cells, and that GCLC and HO-1 expression can increase through other signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Direct transcriptional stimulation of the ornithine decarboxylase gene by Fos in PC12 cells but not in fibroblasts.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4657-4669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wrighton ◽  
M Busslinger
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have established rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cell lines stably expressing the estrogen-activatable transcription factor FosER to identify genes that can be regulated by c-Fos in this neuronal cell type. Induction of ectopic c-Fos activity in PC12 cells increased the mRNA levels of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and tyrosine hydroxylase genes with similar kinetics and to the same maximal level as nerve growth factor treatment. In both cases the rate of transcription initiation was increased. Induction of the ODC gene occurred even in the absence of protein synthesis, indicating direct regulation by FosER. ODC expression, however, was not induced by a mutant FosER protein containing a proline insertion in the basic region of the c-Fos moiety, demonstrating the requirement for a functional DNA-binding domain. These data show that FosER, and by extrapolation c-Fos, can directly activate transcription of the endogenous ODC gene in PC12 cells by binding to cis-regulatory sequences. Activation of the ODC gene was unexpectedly transient, as transcripts returned to the basal level after prolonged exposure of PC12 cells to FosER activity. Furthermore, ODC transcription was not at all induced by FosER in rat fibroblasts. To account for this cell-specific action of FosER, we propose that stimulation of the ODC gene by FosER requires either (i) cooperation with another transcription factor(s) or (ii) a specific pattern of modification which is present in PC12 cells but not in otherwise unstimulated fibroblasts. One or both of these mechanisms may be employed by cells to achieve selective gene activation in response to apparently stereotyped induction of c-fos.

scholarly journals Low Dose Administration of Glutamate Triggers a Non-Apoptotic, Autophagic Response in PC12 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1750-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Stamoula ◽  
Theofanis Vavilis ◽  
Eleni Aggelidou ◽  
Aikaterini Kaidoglou ◽  
Angeliki Cheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Discrete Effect

Background/Aims: Increasing amounts of the neurotransmitter glutamate are associated with excitotoxicity, a phenomenon related both to homeostatic processes and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Methods: PC12 cells (rat pheochromocytoma) were treated with various concentrations of the non-essential amino acid glutamate for 0.5-24 hours. The effect of glutamate on cell morphology was monitored with electron microscopy and haematoxylin-eosin staining. Cell survival was calculated with the MTT assay. Expression analysis of chaperones associated with the observed phenotype was performed using either Western Blotting at the protein level or qRT-PCR at the mRNA level. Results: Administration of glutamate in PC12 cells in doses as low as 10 μM causes an up-regulation of GRP78, GRP94 and HSC70 protein levels, while their mRNA levels show the opposite kinetics. At the same time, GAPDH and GRP75 show reduced protein levels, irrespective of their transcriptional rate. On a cellular level, low concentrations of glutamate induce an autophagy-mediated pro-survival phenotype, which is further supported by induction of the autophagic marker LC3. Conclusion: The findings in the present study underline a discrete effect of glutamate on neuronal cell fate depending on its concentration. It was also shown that a low dose of glutamate orchestrates a unique expression signature of various chaperones and induces cell autophagy, which acts in a neuroprotective fashion.

scholarly journals EDS1-Dependent Cell Death and the Antioxidant System in Arabidopsis Leaves is Deregulated by the Mammalian Bax

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2454
Author(s):  
Maciej Jerzy Bernacki ◽  
Weronika Czarnocka ◽  
Magdalena Zaborowska ◽  
Elżbieta Różańska ◽  
Mateusz Labudda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cell Death Mechanisms ◽  
Living Organisms

Cell death is the ultimate end of a cell cycle that occurs in all living organisms during development or responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the course of evolution, plants and animals evolve various molecular mechanisms to regulate cell death; however, some of them are conserved among both these kingdoms. It was found that mammalian proapoptotic BCL-2 associated X (Bax) protein, when expressed in plants, induces cell death, similar to hypersensitive response (HR). It was also shown that changes in the expression level of genes encoding proteins involved in stress response or oxidative status regulation mitigate Bax-induced plant cell death. In our study, we focused on the evolutional compatibility of animal and plant cell death molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we studied the deregulation of reactive oxygen species burst and HR-like propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing mammalian Bax. We were able to diminish Bax-induced oxidative stress and HR progression through the genetic cross with plants mutated in ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), which is a plant-positive HR regulator. Plants expressing the mouse Bax gene in eds1-1 null mutant background demonstrated less pronounced cell death and exhibited higher antioxidant system efficiency compared to Bax-expressing plants. Moreover, eds1/Bax plants did not show HR marker genes induction, as in the case of the Bax-expressing line. The present study indicates some common molecular features between animal and plant cell death regulation and can be useful to better understand the evolution of cell death mechanisms in plants and animals.

scholarly journals Thymoquinone Prevents Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration by Attenuating Oxidative Stress Via the Nrf2/ARE Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjian Dong ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Shijing Wang ◽  
Chenchen Xu ◽  
Manli Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Genes

Studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Research has also revealed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) triggers the expression of antioxidant genes via a series of antioxidant response elements (AREs), thus preventing oxidative stress. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the bioactive component of Nigella sativa, a medicinal plant that exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In the present study we examined whether TQ alleviates in vivo and in vitro neurodegeneration induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) by acting as an activator of the Nrf2/ARE cascade. We showed that TQ significantly reduced MPP+-mediated cell death and apoptosis. Moreover, TQ significantly elevated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and significantly increased the subsequent expression of antioxidative genes such as Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST). The application of siRNA to silence Nrf2 led to an abolishment in the protective effects of TQ. We also found that the intraperitoneal injection of TQ into a rodent model of PD ameliorated oxidative stress and effectively mitigated nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway. However, these effects were inhibited by the injection of a lentivirus wrapped Nrf2 siRNA (siNrf2). Collectively, these findings suggest that TQ alleviates progressive dopaminergic neuropathology by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling cascade and by attenuating oxidative stress, thus demonstrating that TQ is a potential novel drug candidate for the treatment of PD.

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