scholarly journals Identification of Multiple Outliers in a Generalized Linear Model with Continuous Variables

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loo Yee Peng ◽  
Habshah Midi ◽  
Sohel Rana ◽  
Anwar Fitrianto
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Multiple Outliers ◽  
Contamination Levels

In the statistical analysis of data, a model might be awfully fitted with the presence of outliers. Besides, it has been well established to use residuals for identification of outliers. The asymptotic properties of residuals can be utilized to contribute diagnostic tools. However, it is now evident that most of the existing diagnostic methods have failed in identifying multiple outliers. Therefore, this paper proposed a diagnostic method for the identification of multiple outliers in GLM, where traditionally used outlier detection methods are effortless as they undergo masking or swamping dilemma. Hence, an investigation was carried out to determine the capability of the proposed GSCPR method. The findings obtained from the numerical examples indicated that the performance of the proposed method was satisfactory for the identification of multiple outliers. Meanwhile, in the simulation study, two scenarios were considered to assess the validity of the proposed method. The proposed method consistently displayed higher percentage of correct detection, as well as lower rates of swamping and masking, regardless of the sample size and the contamination levels.

scholarly journals Detection of Ovarian Cancer through Exhaled Breath by Electronic Nose: A Prospective Study

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Francesco Raspagliesi ◽  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Simona Benedetti ◽  
Silvia Grassi ◽  
Stefano Ferla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Class Prediction

Background: Diagnostic methods for the early identification of ovarian cancer (OC) represent an unmet clinical need, as no reliable diagnostic tools are available. Here, we tested the feasibility of electronic nose (e-nose), composed of ten metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors, as a diagnostic tool for OC detection. Methods: Women with suspected ovarian masses and healthy subjects had volatile organic compounds analysis of the exhaled breath using e-nose. Results: E-nose analysis was performed on breath samples collected from 251 women divided into three groups: 86 OC cases, 51 benign masses, and 114 controls. Data collected were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Nearest Neighbors’ algorithm (K-NN). A first 1-K-NN (cases vs. controls) model has been developed to discriminate between OC cases and controls; the model performance tested in the prediction gave 98% of sensitivity and 95% of specificity, when the strict class prediction was applied; a second 1-K-NN (cases vs. controls + benign) model was built by grouping the non-cancer groups (controls + benign), thus considering two classes, cases and controls + benign; the model performance in the prediction was of 89% for sensitivity and 86% for specificity when the strict class prediction was applied. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggested the potential role of e-nose for the detection of OC. Further studies aiming to test the potential adoption of e-nose in the early diagnosis of OC are needed.

scholarly journals Tick-borne zoonoses and commonly used diagnostic methods in human and veterinary medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Springer ◽  
Antje Glass ◽  
Julia Probst ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

AbstractAround the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.

scholarly journals Diagnostic tools for neurosyphilis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Pereira Boog ◽  
João Vitor Ziroldo Lopes ◽  
João Vitor Mahler ◽  
Marina Solti ◽  
Lucas Tokio Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Methodologies ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis

Abstract Purpose Increasing incidences of syphilis highlight the preoccupation with the occurrence of neurosyphilis. This study aimed to understand the current diagnostic tools and their performance to detect neurosyphilis, including new technologies and the variety of existing methods. Methods We searched databases to select articles that reported neurosyphilis diagnostic methods and assessed their accuracy, presenting sensitivity and specificity values. Information was synthesized in tables. The risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy recommendations. Results Fourteen studies were included. The main finding was a remarkable diversity of tests, which had varied purposes, techniques, and evaluation methodologies. There was no uniform criterion or gold standard to define neurosyphilis. The current basis for its diagnosis is clinical suspicion and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. There are new promising tests such as PCR tests and chemokine measurement assays. Conclusions The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is still a challenge, despite the variety of existing and developing tests. We believe that the multiplicity of reference standards adopted as criteria for diagnosis reveals the imprecision of the current definitions of neurosyphilis. An important next step for the scientific community is to create a universally accepted diagnostic definition for this disease.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Immune-Diagnostic Tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction in Sub-Clinical Leishmaniasis Isolates

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: This study aimed to identify cases of leishmaniasis in the Nuba Mountain area, which is situated in a unique geographical site located in the centre of Sudanese leishmania belt. Wide range of investigations are available for detection of leishmania cases, but still the most reliable and easy test used as screening and epidemiological tool in field studies needs to be evaluated. The most commonly used conventional diagnostic methods direct microscopy and culture have some drawbacks in diagnosing subclinical cases of leishmaniasis. Materials and methods: In this study, comparative properties of various immune-diagnostic tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction used in sub-clinical leishmaniasis isolates were explored. The immune-diagnostic tools involved in this study include- Leishmanin Skin Test (LST), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). The study was conducted in the Green Valley village (Rashad Province, South Kordofan State) with a population of 332. Most of the villagers presented with sub-clinical form of leishmaniasis with minor symptoms and signs without the features found in clinical form of visceral leishmaniasis such as fever, diarrhoea, epistaxis, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In this study we collected demographic, clinical and epidemiological data using special questionnaire. Leishmanin skin test (LST), ELISA, DAT and PCR for parasite DNA detection were used. Result: The final positive cases detected by PCR were 32 out of 332 belong to L. donovani species. The final positive cases detected by LST were 51.2% of the total population under study, while 11 out of the 37 tested samples were positive by ELISA. All of the 332 villagers showed negative readings by DAT with exception of three individuals who were positive with very high titers. Conclusion: DNA etxtraction and amplification with primers can be a good screening tool in subclinical leishmaniasis isolates. Keyword: Sub-clinical; Leishmaniasis; Leishmanin Skin Test; ELISA; DAT; PCR. DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.5422J Medicine 2011; 12 : 34-39

scholarly journals The burden of congenital Chagas disease and implementation of molecular diagnostic tools in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e001069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Picado ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Maël Redard-Jacot ◽  
Alejandro G Schijman ◽  
Faustino Torrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
And Performance

It is estimated that between 8000 and 15 000 Trypanosoma cruzi infected babies are born every year to infected mothers in Chagas disease endemic countries. Currently, poor access to and performance of the current diagnostic algorithm, based on microscopy at birth and serology at 8–12 months after delivery, is one of the barriers to congenital Chagas disease (CCD) control. Detection of parasite DNA using molecular diagnostic tools could be an alternative or complement to current diagnostic methods, but its implementation in endemic regions remains limited. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of CCD cases would have a positive clinical and epidemiological impact. In this paper, we analysed the burden of CCD in Latin America, and the potential use of molecular tests to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment of T. cruzi infected newborns.

scholarly journals Biosensors for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Maryia Drobysh ◽  
Almira Ramanaviciene ◽  
Roman Viter ◽  
Chien-Fu Chen ◽  
Urte Samukaite-Bubniene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Free Mode ◽  
Rna Hybridisation ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Affinity Interaction

Monitoring and tracking infection is required in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To achieve this goal, the development and deployment of quick, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic methods are necessary. The determination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is performed by biosensing devices, which vary according to detection methods and the biomarkers which are inducing/providing an analytical signal. RNA hybridisation, antigen-antibody affinity interaction, and a variety of other biological reactions are commonly used to generate analytical signals that can be precisely detected using electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, optical, and other methodologies and transducers. Electrochemical biosensors, in particular, correspond to the current trend of bioanalytical process acceleration and simplification. Immunosensors are based on the determination of antigen-antibody interaction, which on some occasions can be determined in a label-free mode with sufficient sensitivity.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of the Induction Machine Using Advanced Signal Processing Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Abdelghani CHAHMI
Keyword(s):  
Induction Machine ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Efficient Simulation ◽  
Squirrel Cage ◽  
Rotor Resistance ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Signal Processing Methods

This work is a part of the thematic of monitoring and fault diagnosis of the squirrel cage three-phase induction machine. The choice of this type of machine is justified by the growing success it has exhibited, mainly, in the electric drives with variable speed. Signal based detection methods are presented is validated in simulation. The proposed diagnosis approach requires only little experimental data, and more importantly it provides efficient simulation tools that allow characterizing faulty behavior.In this study, the proposed approach considers the value of rotor resistance as fixed for condition monitoring. This value in the diagnostic tools which one uses is not fixed contrary to the classical approaches of control of machine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Children's Appendicitis Score Compared With Pediatric Appendicitis Score in Diagnosis of Pediatric Appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khaasteh ◽  
Fariba Heidari ◽  
Akram Motamedi ◽  
Kafieh Aslani ◽  
Masoud Jamshidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Us Findings ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
Appendicitis Score

Introduction: Identification and promotion of diagnostic methods has been a continuous effort to reduce disease and its complications and reduce costs associated with treatment. Despite all these efforts and improving our knowledge of diseases and diagnostic tools, pediatric appendicitis remains part of the diagnostic challenge in the surgical field. The aim of this is to compare the two diagnostic criteria of appendicitis (Children's Appendicitis Score [PAS] Versus Pediatric Appendicitis Score [CAS]) and evaluation of the diagnostic features of them. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all children admitted to the hospital's emergency center with a possible diagnosis of appendicitis (270 patients) during 2018 and 2019 at Tabriz Pediatric Hospital. Based on the clinical examinations and para-clinical findings some of the patients were underwent the surgical intervention (220 cases) and some discharged and followed up for a period of 2 and 4 weeks later (50 cases). The data were analyzed through SPSS ver. 16 software. Results: The results of the present study indicated that if CAS was associated with ultrasound, the specificity of these criteria would improve and could be more acceptable compared with the PAS. In addition, it was revealed that WBC≥11000, as well as PMN≥65% and guarding were very specific for diagnosis and complication of acute appendicitis. There was a significant relationship between US findings and pathology reports (P<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the CAS criteria were more sensitive and the PAS was more specific in diagnosing pediatric acute appendicitis.

scholarly journals Real-Time Back Surface Landmark Determination Using a Time-of-Flight Camera

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6425
Author(s):  
Daniel Ledwoń ◽  
Marta Danch-Wierzchowska ◽  
Marcin Bugdol ◽  
Karol Bibrowicz ◽  
Tomasz Szurmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Postural disorders, their prevention, and therapies are still growing modern problems. The currently used diagnostic methods are questionable due to the exposure to side effects (radiological methods) as well as being time-consuming and subjective (manual methods). Although the computer-aided diagnosis of posture disorders is well developed, there is still the need to improve existing solutions, search for new measurement methods, and create new algorithms for data processing. Based on point clouds from a Time-of-Flight camera, the presented method allows a non-contact, real-time detection of anatomical landmarks on the subject’s back and, thus, an objective determination of trunk surface metrics. Based on a comparison of the obtained results with the evaluation of three independent experts, the accuracy of the obtained results was confirmed. The average distance between the expert indications and method results for all landmarks was 27.73 mm. A direct comparison showed that the compared differences were statically significantly different; however, the effect was negligible. Compared with other automatic anatomical landmark detection methods, ours has a similar accuracy with the possibility of real-time analysis. The advantages of the presented method are non-invasiveness, non-contact, and the possibility of continuous observation, also during exercise. The proposed solution is another step in the general trend of objectivization in physiotherapeutic diagnostics.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders associated with a new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
P. V. Aronov ◽  
G. N. Belskaya ◽  
I. A. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Psychological Consequences

The article systematizes information on the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, the frequency of which has increased significantly at the present time, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The characteristic of stressful factors affecting the human psyche in the conditions of forced self-isolation and after it is given. Many people experience anxiety due to lockdown, social isolation, unemployment, and a high probability of illness and death. Uncertainty in the future, anxiety during the period of uncertainty caused by the spread of the “new coronavirus”, are a trigger for emotional exhaustion, suppress the immune system, which negatively affects the human nervous system and provokes an exacerbation of chronic ailments. The psychological consequences of a person’s stay in quarantine are considered. In the structure of mental health disorders associated with the COVID-19 epidemic, there is a large range of adaptation disorders: fear, frustration, a sense of hopelessness, expectation of threat, loneliness, social isolation and alienation. In the situation of COVID-19, there is often a depletion of mental resources and maladaptation, a disorder of adaptive reactions. Anxiety disorders occur in the form of adaptation disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders, including panic attacks. Timely diagnosis of these disorders is possible not only by the psychiatric service, but also with the involvement of internists who possess screening diagnostic tools with automated conclusions (scales, mobile applications to smartphones, etc.). A brief review of domestic and foreign studies on the assessment of methods for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders is presented. Diagnostic methods and therapeutic tactics, the use of various traditional drugs in psychosomatic pathology are discussed. To correct the identified disorders, there is a choice of anti-anxiety drugs, including antidepressants (primarily selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), tranquilizers, among which tofizopam occupies a worthy place.

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