scholarly journals Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders associated with a new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
P. V. Aronov ◽  
G. N. Belskaya ◽  
I. A. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Psychological Consequences

The article systematizes information on the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, the frequency of which has increased significantly at the present time, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The characteristic of stressful factors affecting the human psyche in the conditions of forced self-isolation and after it is given. Many people experience anxiety due to lockdown, social isolation, unemployment, and a high probability of illness and death. Uncertainty in the future, anxiety during the period of uncertainty caused by the spread of the “new coronavirus”, are a trigger for emotional exhaustion, suppress the immune system, which negatively affects the human nervous system and provokes an exacerbation of chronic ailments. The psychological consequences of a person’s stay in quarantine are considered. In the structure of mental health disorders associated with the COVID-19 epidemic, there is a large range of adaptation disorders: fear, frustration, a sense of hopelessness, expectation of threat, loneliness, social isolation and alienation. In the situation of COVID-19, there is often a depletion of mental resources and maladaptation, a disorder of adaptive reactions. Anxiety disorders occur in the form of adaptation disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders, including panic attacks. Timely diagnosis of these disorders is possible not only by the psychiatric service, but also with the involvement of internists who possess screening diagnostic tools with automated conclusions (scales, mobile applications to smartphones, etc.). A brief review of domestic and foreign studies on the assessment of methods for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders is presented. Diagnostic methods and therapeutic tactics, the use of various traditional drugs in psychosomatic pathology are discussed. To correct the identified disorders, there is a choice of anti-anxiety drugs, including antidepressants (primarily selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), tranquilizers, among which tofizopam occupies a worthy place.

scholarly journals The burden of congenital Chagas disease and implementation of molecular diagnostic tools in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e001069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Picado ◽  
Israel Cruz ◽  
Maël Redard-Jacot ◽  
Alejandro G Schijman ◽  
Faustino Torrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
And Performance

It is estimated that between 8000 and 15 000 Trypanosoma cruzi infected babies are born every year to infected mothers in Chagas disease endemic countries. Currently, poor access to and performance of the current diagnostic algorithm, based on microscopy at birth and serology at 8–12 months after delivery, is one of the barriers to congenital Chagas disease (CCD) control. Detection of parasite DNA using molecular diagnostic tools could be an alternative or complement to current diagnostic methods, but its implementation in endemic regions remains limited. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of CCD cases would have a positive clinical and epidemiological impact. In this paper, we analysed the burden of CCD in Latin America, and the potential use of molecular tests to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment of T. cruzi infected newborns.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Molecular Diagnostic Tools for Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pierre Rutanga ◽  
Therese Nyirahabimana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools

Bacterial bloodstream infection (bBSI) represents any form of invasiveness of the blood circulatory system caused by bacteria and can lead to death among critically ill patients. Thus, there is a need for rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with septicemia. So far, different molecular diagnostic tools have been developed. The majority of these tools focus on amplification based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which allows the detection of nucleic acids (both DNA and small RNAs) that are specific to bacterial species and sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization that allows the detection of bacteria in order to reduce delay of appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, there is still a need to improve sensitivity of most molecular techniques to enhance their accuracy and allow exact and on time antibiotic therapy treatment. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review of the existing studies conducted in molecular diagnosis of bBSIs, with the main aim of reporting on clinical significance and benefits of molecular diagnosis to patients. We searched both Google Scholar and PubMed. In total, eighteen reviewed papers indicate that shift from conventional diagnostic methods to molecular tools is needed and would lead to accurate diagnosis and treatment of bBSI.

scholarly journals Patterns of Integrative Korean Medicine Practice for Anxiety Disorders: A Survey among Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs) in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sang-Il Seo ◽  
Sung-Youl Choi ◽  
Eun-Jung Kim ◽  
Byung-Soo Koo ◽  
Hyo Won-Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Medication ◽  
Korean Medicine ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Objective Indicators

Anxiety disorder is known as the most common disease among psychiatric disorders. However, many studies have not been conducted in the Korean medicine area. This study explores the current state of anxiety disorder treatments of Korean medicine through a survey research. The survey for Korean medicine doctors (KMDs) on Korean medicine (KM) diagnosis and treatments for anxiety disorder was conducted online from December 21, 2016, to December 29, 2016. The results were divided into two groups, KMDs and Korean medicine neuropsychiatric specialists (KMNPS), and comparatively analyzed. Self-evaluation and counseling were the most common in both diagnostic methods and evaluation of treatment effects, and KMNPS tended to make extensive use of objective indicators. There was no difference in the rate of psychiatric medication use among the patients between KMD and KMNPS. The main reason for patients wanting KM treatment was the tapering cessation of psychiatric medications. The most common treatments were acupuncture, herbal medicine, and moxibustion, in addition to dry cupping in KMD and psychotherapy in KMNPS. The most important factor for treatment was herbal medicine treatment, followed by rapport formation in KMD and patient’s temperament in KMNPS. Opinions on various items were presented as treatment barriers, and KMNPS tended to think more importantly about the patient’s family problems. For the items to be additionally trained in the future, KMD chose the diagnostic tools and KMNPS chose psychotherapies. This study is the first study to analyze the clinical patterns for anxiety disorder in KMDs. KMD and KMNPS showed similar patterns in the perception, diagnosis, and treatment of anxiety disorders, but KMNPS tended to use objective indicators and psychotherapy more actively. Further clinical studies for the development of clinical guidelines should be additionally required.

scholarly journals Tick-borne zoonoses and commonly used diagnostic methods in human and veterinary medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Springer ◽  
Antje Glass ◽  
Julia Probst ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

AbstractAround the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.

scholarly journals Diagnostic tools for neurosyphilis: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Pereira Boog ◽  
João Vitor Ziroldo Lopes ◽  
João Vitor Mahler ◽  
Marina Solti ◽  
Lucas Tokio Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Methodologies ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis

Abstract Purpose Increasing incidences of syphilis highlight the preoccupation with the occurrence of neurosyphilis. This study aimed to understand the current diagnostic tools and their performance to detect neurosyphilis, including new technologies and the variety of existing methods. Methods We searched databases to select articles that reported neurosyphilis diagnostic methods and assessed their accuracy, presenting sensitivity and specificity values. Information was synthesized in tables. The risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy recommendations. Results Fourteen studies were included. The main finding was a remarkable diversity of tests, which had varied purposes, techniques, and evaluation methodologies. There was no uniform criterion or gold standard to define neurosyphilis. The current basis for its diagnosis is clinical suspicion and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. There are new promising tests such as PCR tests and chemokine measurement assays. Conclusions The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is still a challenge, despite the variety of existing and developing tests. We believe that the multiplicity of reference standards adopted as criteria for diagnosis reveals the imprecision of the current definitions of neurosyphilis. An important next step for the scientific community is to create a universally accepted diagnostic definition for this disease.

An Insight into the Polymeric Nanoparticles Applications in Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Dehghani ◽  
Monireh Esameili Rad ◽  
Atefeh Zarepour ◽  
Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar ◽  
Ali Zarrabi
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Insight Into

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a type of chronic metabolic disease that has affected millions of people worldwide and is known with a defect in the amount of insulin secretion, insulin functions, or both. This deficiency leads to an increase in the amounts of glucose, which could be accompanied by long-term damages to other organs such as eyes, kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Thus, introducing an appropriate approach for diagnosis and treatment of different types of DM is the aim of several researches. By the emergence of nanotechnology and its application in medicine, new approaches were presented for these purposes. The object of this review article is to introduce different types of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), as one of the most important classes of nanoparticles, for diabetic management. To achieve this goal, at first, some of the conventional therapeutic and diagnostic methods of DM will be reviewed. Then, different types of PNPs, in two forms of natural and synthetic polymers with different properties, as a new method for DM treatment and diagnosis will be introduced. In the next section, the transport mechanisms of these types of nano-carriers across the epithelium, via paracellular and transcellular pathways will be explained. Finally, the clinical use of PNPs in the treatment and diagnosis of DM will be summarized. Based on the results of this literature review, PNPs could be considered one of the most promising methods for DM management.

Ocular Tuberculosis: Clinics, Diagnosis and Treatment (Literature Review)

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
O. E. Russkikh ◽  
N. Y. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Suggested Classification

Ocular tuberculosis is a serious disease with a long recurrent course, often leading to a significant decrease in the visual functions and quality of life of patients as well as disability. In recent years, the incidence rate of the ocular tuberculosis in the Russian Federation has been declining: in 2016, according to a number of authors, its incidence amounted to 5.2%.Purpose. To systematize literature data on the topic of ocular tuberculosis.Materials and methods. We reviewed literature available on elibrary.ru, cyberleninka.ru websites and in “Clinical Ophthalmology” journal. Results. We suggested classification of the ocular tuberculosis lesions, analyzed modern diagnostic methods and treatment regimens and evaluated their effectiveness.Conclusions. Literature review revealed that in order to improve the quality of detection, diagnosis and treatment of ocular tuberculosis, joint efforts of ophthalmologists and phthisiologists as well as use of modern methods of tuberculinodiagnosis are essential.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Immune-Diagnostic Tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction in Sub-Clinical Leishmaniasis Isolates

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: This study aimed to identify cases of leishmaniasis in the Nuba Mountain area, which is situated in a unique geographical site located in the centre of Sudanese leishmania belt. Wide range of investigations are available for detection of leishmania cases, but still the most reliable and easy test used as screening and epidemiological tool in field studies needs to be evaluated. The most commonly used conventional diagnostic methods direct microscopy and culture have some drawbacks in diagnosing subclinical cases of leishmaniasis. Materials and methods: In this study, comparative properties of various immune-diagnostic tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction used in sub-clinical leishmaniasis isolates were explored. The immune-diagnostic tools involved in this study include- Leishmanin Skin Test (LST), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). The study was conducted in the Green Valley village (Rashad Province, South Kordofan State) with a population of 332. Most of the villagers presented with sub-clinical form of leishmaniasis with minor symptoms and signs without the features found in clinical form of visceral leishmaniasis such as fever, diarrhoea, epistaxis, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In this study we collected demographic, clinical and epidemiological data using special questionnaire. Leishmanin skin test (LST), ELISA, DAT and PCR for parasite DNA detection were used. Result: The final positive cases detected by PCR were 32 out of 332 belong to L. donovani species. The final positive cases detected by LST were 51.2% of the total population under study, while 11 out of the 37 tested samples were positive by ELISA. All of the 332 villagers showed negative readings by DAT with exception of three individuals who were positive with very high titers. Conclusion: DNA etxtraction and amplification with primers can be a good screening tool in subclinical leishmaniasis isolates. Keyword: Sub-clinical; Leishmaniasis; Leishmanin Skin Test; ELISA; DAT; PCR. DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.5422J Medicine 2011; 12 : 34-39

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