Biological Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activity of EndophyticStreptomycessp. TQR12-4 Isolated from EliteCitrus nobilisCultivar Ham Yen of Vietnam

Ham Yen orange (Citrus nobilisLour) is the highly valuable commercial fruit of Vietnam. With the blooming of fruit production and farming area, this specialty crop is facing threats from several serious diseases; therefore the search for new effective biocontrollers is required to prevent the existing excessive use of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. Endophytic actinomycetes are of great scientific interest due to their high potential of application in agriculture and pharmaceutical research. In this work, endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from a native orange species of Northeast mountainous province Tuyen Quang. Among 49 isolates obtained, the isolate TQR12-4 strongly inhibited test pathogensColletotrichum truncatum,Geotrichum candidum,Fusarium oxysporum, andF. udum. This isolate gave comparatively high biomass yields on different substrates, for example, carboxy methyl cellulose, starch, protein, and chitin, within a wide range of temperature from 15 to 45°C and pH from 4 to 10. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA gene showed that TQR12-4 shared 99% similarity toStreptomyces prasinopilosus; however, it slightly differed from the latter in spore morphology and hence was named asStreptomycessp. TQR12-4. A thermostable antifungal substance of nonpeptide nature produced byStreptomycessp. TQR12-4 had MIC againstFusarium udumof 100 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL respective to extract fractionsX4andX5.

Download Full-text

Biological and taxonomical characteristics of endophytic Streptomyces TQR8-14 and its production potential of antimicrobial substance

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/14/4/12305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 713-720

Author(s):

Phan Thi Hong Thao ◽

Nguyen Vu Mai Linh ◽

Nguyen Thi Hong Lien ◽

Nguyen Van Hieu

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Antimicrobial Substance ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Living Plant ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Endophytic Actinomycetes ◽

Wide Range

Endophytic actinomycetes colonize in living plant tissues without causing harm to the host plant. In fact, they are regarded as effective bio-control agents and plant growth promoters due to their ability to activate plant self-immunity and produce biologically active secondary metabolites. Recent studies reported higher rates in finding new strains and antimicrobial substances among endophytes than actinomycetes from soil and plant surface. In this work, endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from Ham Yen orange trees, a famous specialty of Tuyen Quang province, and screened for antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The isolate TQR8-14, showing strong activity, was studied with regard to its biological and taxonomical characteristics and production of antimicrobial substance. Based on the mycelial morphology, this isolate was placed in yellow group of streptomycetes. The isolate developed milky to yellow aerial mycelia on all test media and long straight spore chains bearing smooth cylinder spores. The isolate could grow at wide range of temperature 15 to 45oC, of pH 4 to 10; on substrates such as carboxy methyl cellulose, starch, protein and chitin; and tolerated up to 3% salinity. Its 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence (1,404 bp) shared 99% similarity to Streptomyces parvus. Therefore, the isolate was named as Streptomyces parvus TQR8-14. The highest antimicrobial activity was achieved in culture on medium AH4 containing soybean meal and glucose, at 30oC and pH 7.0.

Download Full-text

Myrtillocactus geometrizans fruit plant stimulated with Effective microorganisms

Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy ◽

10.53022/oarjbp.2021.1.1.0015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 025-032

Author(s):

Domenico Prisa

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Root Weight ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Growing Medium

The aim of this work is to develop an innovative technology for the cultivation of Myrtillocactus geometrizans, introducing the use of Effective microorganisms and at the same time, limiting the use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and improving the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of garambullos for consumption and processing. The trial showed a significant improvement in the agronomic parameters analysed on Myrtillocactus geometrizans plants treated with Effective microorganisms. In particular, there was an increase in plant height and circumference, vegetative and root weight, number of flowers and fruits, number and length of thornes in plants treated with microorganisms. In addition, the use of EM microorganisms showed a significant increase in total betalains, ascorbic acid, phenols and total flavonoids in garambullos. It was important to underline how the use of Effective microorganisms guaranteed, despite the reduction of irrigation and fertilisation by 50% in the growing medium, the same results in terms of agronomic parameters and fruit production and quality as the control with irrigation and fertilisation under optimal conditions. The application of Effective microorganisms in agricultural processing can therefore guarantee higher production standards, with a possible reduction in costs fertilizer and water. Particularly for those farms that want to focus on the production of ornamental and fruit cacti. Fruits obtained from growing plants treated with Effective microorganisms have a high antioxidant and nutraceutical potential, which is very important especially in this age where food is also a medicine.

Download Full-text

Agricultural crops in the diet of bearded capuchin monkeys, Cebus libidinosus Spix (Primates: Cebidae), in forest fragments in southeast Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0101-81752008000100006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Carlos Henrique de Freitas ◽

Eleonore Z. F. Setz ◽

Alba R. B. Araújo ◽

Nivar Gobbi

Keyword(s):

Fruit Production ◽

Dry Season ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Capuchin Monkeys ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Wet Season ◽

Plant Matter ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cebus Libidinosus

Capuchin monkeys occupy a wide range of habitats where they feed on fruits, arthropods, and vertebrates. Their large home ranges (80-900 ha) suggest that living in forest fragments may challenge their adaptability. We identified and quantified the main food items of Cebus libidinosus Spix, 1823 in forests fragments (100 ha) in southeastern Brazil. We recorded the feeding activities of two groups using scan sampling over a 13-month period. The diet was composed of fruits, crops, animal prey, seeds, plant matter and undetermined. Fruit was eaten more in the wet season than in the dry season, and maize and sugar cane consumption peaked in the early dry season. The proportion of fruit in the diet was positively correlated with fruiting intensity of zoochorous trees. The plant diet included 54 species, with maize, Rhamnidium elaeocarpus, Acrocomia aculeata, Guazuma ulmifolia and Cariniana, being most important. Although dietary composition and diversity were similar to capuchins in larger forest fragments, feeding on crops attained higher percentages at times when zoochorous fruit production was low in fragments.

Download Full-text

Applications of Photocatalytic Disinfection

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2010/764870 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Joanne Gamage ◽

Zisheng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Indoor Air ◽

Food Industry ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Photocatalytic Disinfection ◽

Wide Range ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

End Use ◽

Biological And Medical Applications

Due to the superior ability of photocatalysis to inactivate a wide range of harmful microorganisms, it is being examined as a viable alternative to traditional disinfection methods such as chlorination, which can produce harmful byproducts. Photocatalysis is a versatile and effective process that can be adapted for use in many applications for disinfection in both air and water matrices. Additionally, photocatalytic surfaces are being developed and tested for use in the context of “self-disinfecting” materials. Studies on the photocatalytic technique for disinfection demonstrate this process to have potential for widespread applications in indoor air and environmental health, biological, and medical applications, laboratory and hospital applications, pharmaceutical and food industry, plant protection applications, wastewater and effluents treatment, and drinking water disinfection. Studies on photocatalytic disinfection using a variety of techniques and test organisms are reviewed, with an emphasis on the end-use application of developed technologies and methods.

Download Full-text

Potential impacts of climate change on Mongolia’s plant protection status quo

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v24i02.1111 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (02) ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Batkhuyag B ◽

Batnaran Kh

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Modeling ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Current Trend ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Migratory Locust ◽

Colorado Beetle ◽

Wide Range

Mongolia’s 2030 Sustainable Development Vision set a goal to be a self-sufficient in grain, potatoes and vegetables by 2030. However, Mongolia’s pastoral animal husbandry and rain-fed agriculture are extremely sensitive to climate change. The Asian migratory locust is considered as the most harmful grasshopper in the world. Until 1970th, these locust’s distribution areas in Mongolia were confined to oasis of Gobi deserts. A study on Asian migratory locust in Russia predicts distribution and formation of new permanent habitats of the locust in Chita oblast, Krasnoyarsk territory and Republic of Tyva. The Colorado beetle is one of the world’s most infamous invasive species due to its rapid adaptation to a wide range of ecological conditions and ability to disperse long distances. The climate modeling of Colorado beetle showed that with current trend, the beetle will expand its distribution into the most eastern and north-eastern regions of the Russian Federation. In China, the Colorado beetle was first detected in Xinjiang in 1993 and subsequently spread eastward. In China the Colorado beetle is currently expanding its areas at rate of 25 kms year (12-45 kms/year). Both species’ distribution patterns in neighboring countries show eventual establishment of permanent habitats around Mongolia. Their invasion to Mongolia will threaten country’s food security due to direct destruction of cereal and potato crops, and increased application of highly toxic pesticides. In light of these threats, Mongolia should start taking serious preventive measures by increasing surveillance and dedicated risk assessment studies for potential agricultural pests and diseases.

Download Full-text

Mapping of the distribution and development of phytopathogens in wheat and barley by the NextGIS application

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-69-3-61-66 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

О. Yu. Kremneva ◽

I. A. Kostenko ◽

A. A. Pachkin ◽

R. Yu. Danilov ◽

A. V. Ponomarev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Damage Degree ◽

Rust Diseases ◽

Wide Range ◽

Causative Agents

There have been carried out the route surveys to assess the development and distribution of the main pathogens of wheat and barley in 57 districts ofKrasnodar,StavropolTerritoriesand Rostov Region. The collection, organization and analysis of information on the damage degree of the production and breeding sowings of these grain crops by the main pathogens was conducted using a single spatial information environment designed by the Russian company “NextGIS”. During the field surveys, there have been included the data on the resistance to causative agents of yellow leaf spot of wheat, wheat Septoria leaf spot, powdery mildew on wheat and barley, rust diseases on wheat and barley, net spot of barley, and brown spot of barley into the program. In addition, while filling in the survey card, there were taken into account the date and time of the assessment, the phase of development of the grain crop, the variety; there was carried out a photographic fixation of the examined plants. In the field, there was used the freely distributed NextGIS Mobile software, installed on mobile digital devices (smartphones) running by the Android operating system. According to the results of field surveys using the NextGIS QGIS full-featured desktop geographic information system there were prepared thematic cartographic materials of the main wheat and barley pathogens in the southern region ofRussia. The collected long-term data of phytosanitary surveys will allow conducting a temporary analysis of the spatial distribution of pathogens in the studied area. This information can be useful for specialists dealing with plant protection, for employees of breeding institutions who develop varieties resistant to economically significant diseases of grain crops. The data can be used also by a wide range of specialists engaged in plant breeding who conduct field surveys and account any parameters of plant conditions, harmful facilities and the environment, as well as by the consumers of such information.

Download Full-text

Foaming Capacity of New Superficial Active Salefied Polyether ( = 3 – 20) Primary Amides in Food Hygienization

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:6591 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. SBANCA ◽

C. JIANU ◽

I. JIANU

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Foam Stability ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Foaming Agents ◽

New Class ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Foaming Capacity ◽

Water Plants ◽

Alkaline Catalysis

.Colloidal features [foaming capacity (FC); foam stability (FS) and foam density (FD)] of conditioning auxiliaries (additives) of plant protection active principles constitute, together with toxicity, a decisive technical index in forming administering receipts in modern ecological agriculture and foodstuff processing all during the agroalimentary processing and consumption chain. In this paper we show the results of a study on a new class of superficial active compounds salefied polyether ( = 3 – 20) primary amides. As diderived glymes, they have a guided regulation capacity of the HLB balance through the change of the medium degree of oligomerisation ( ) of the polyoxyethylene chain (PEO). Can thus obtain a wide range of structures such as micellar solute, dispersion, emulsion, and foaming agents, etc., through the cyanoethylation of polyethoxylated nonylphenols with a medium degree of oligomerisation ( ) between 3 and 20 structural oxyethylene units (EO) in alkaline catalysis with monomer acrylonitrile, followed by a classical hydrogenation in heterogeneous catalysis of intermediary nitrile thus obtained, and finally partial hysrolysis and salefied with HCOOH; CH3COOH. These are biodegradable in water plants, which ensure special ecologlcal features and high compatibility within the restrictive legal ensemble of a foodstuff processing integrated in an extremely polluted environment. Structures have real bacteriostatical abilities compared to a wide spectrum of microrganisms (tested in studies related to this paper). Low toxicity of polyoxyethylene chains (PEO) together with that of other structural units in this polyether primary amides provide the studied glymes with a high compatibility in relation to environment and to plant and animal organisms of the food chain.

Download Full-text

The grapevine R2R3-type MYB transcription factor VdMYB1 positively regulates defense responses by activating the stilbene synthase gene 2 (VdSTS2)

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1993-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yihe Yu ◽

Dalong Guo ◽

Guirong Li ◽

Yingjun Yang ◽

Guohai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Stilbene Synthase ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Wide Range ◽

Grapevine Leaves

Abstract Background Resveratrol is a naturally occurring plant stilbene that exhibits a wide range of valuable biological and pharmacological properties. Although the beneficial effects of trans-resveratrol to human health and plant protection against fungal pathogens and abiotic stresses are well-established, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating stilbene biosynthesis in plant defense progress. Results Here, we cloned and identified the Chinese wild grape (Vitis davidii) R2R3-MYB transcription factor VdMYB1, which activates defense responses against invading pathogen. VdMYB1 transcripts were significantly upregulated after inoculation with the grapevine powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burr. Transient expression analysis using onion epidermal cells and Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts showed that VdMYB1 was localized in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that VdMYB1 acts as a transcriptional activator. Grapevine leaves transiently overexpressing VdMYB1 showed a lower number of fungal conidiophores compared with wild-type leaves. Overexpression of VdMYB1 in grapevine leaves did not alter the expression of genes in salicylic acid- and jasmonate-dependent pathways, but affected the expression of stilbene synthase (STS) genes, key regulators of flavonoid metabolism. Results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and in vivo transcriptional activation assays showed that VdMYB1 binds to the MYB binding site (MYBBS) in the STS2 gene promoter, thus activating STS2 transcription. In heterologous expression assays using tobacco leaves, VdMYB1 activated STS2 gene expression and increased the accumulation of resveratrol. Conclusions Our study showed that VdMYB1 activates STS2 gene expression to positively regulate defense responses, and increases the content of resveratrol in leaves.

Download Full-text

Importance of Antixenosis and Antibiosis Resistance to the Cabbage Whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella) in Brussels Sprout Cultivars

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11010056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Hondelmann ◽

Christina Paul ◽

Monika Schreiner ◽

Rainer Meyhöfer

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Choice Experiments ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Brussels Sprout ◽

Resistant Cultivars ◽

Aleyrodes Proletella ◽

Wide Range ◽

Important Pest ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Circular Design

The cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella (L.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important pest of a wide range of vegetable Brassicas. Since the control of this pest is still challenging, new approaches such as the use of resistant cultivars are required. For this, we screened 16 commercialised Brussels sprout cultivars for resistance against this species. Antibiosis was tested with no-choice experiments in a climate chamber, using reproduction, mortality, longevity, developmental time and weight as parameters. Antixenosis was screened in three choice experiments with circular design in a greenhouse to detect cultivar preferences. A field trial with both antibiosis and antixenosis tests was done to verify results under natural conditions. Finally, for several cultivars, also the leaf glucosinolate concentrations were analysed. Cabbage whiteflies showed on certain cultivars significantly increased mortality, prolonged developmental times and reduced weights. Besides, some cultivars were significantly less infested. However, the incidence of antibiosis and antixenosis as well as the glucosinolate patterns were partly inconsistent. Although a number of moderately resistant cultivars could be identified, the detected resistance is certainly not strong and consistent enough as an exclusive measure of a plant protection strategy but might become a component of a multi-layered strategy against cabbage whiteflies.

Download Full-text

Application of Plant Extracts to Control Postharvest Gray Mold and Susceptibility of Apple Fruits to B. cinerea from Different Plant Hosts

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9101430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lina Šernaitė ◽

Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽

Alma Valiuškaitė

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Postharvest Disease ◽

Cinnamon Extract ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Hosts ◽

Apple Fruits

Sustainable plant protection can be applied on apples against fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea (which is responsible for gray mold)—a significant global postharvest disease. This pathogen can affect a wide range of hosts; and fruits may have variable susceptibilities to B. cinerea from different plant hosts. New possibilities to control gray mold in food production are under demand due to the emergence of resistance against antifungal agents in fungal pathogens. Cinnamon, pimento, and laurel extracts were previously assessed for antifungal activities under in vitro conditions and were found to have the potential to be effective against postharvest gray mold. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of cinnamon, pimento, and laurel extracts in vitro and against postharvest gray mold on apples to determine the susceptibility of apple fruits to B. cinerea from different plant hosts, and to analyze the chemical composition of the extracts. Apples (cv. “Connell Red”) were treated with different concentrations of extracts and inoculated with B. cinerea isolates from apple and strawberry followed by evaluation of in vitro antifungal activity. The results reveal that most of the concentrations of the extracts that were investigated were not efficient enough when assessed in the postharvest assay, despite having demonstrated a high in vitro antifungal effect. Apples were less susceptible to B. cinerea isolated from strawberry. To conclude, cinnamon extract was found to be the most effective against apple gray mold; however, higher concentrations of the extracts are required for the efficient inhibition of B. cinerea in fruits during storage.

Download Full-text