scholarly journals Infestation and Identification of Ixodid Tick in Cattle: The Case of Arbegona District, Southern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelalu Kemal ◽  
Nateneal Tamerat ◽  
Temesgen Tuluka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Prevalence

The study was conducted from October 2014 to June 2015 to estimate tick prevalence and identify major tick genera infesting cattle and the associated risk factors in Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia. A total of 2024 adult ticks were collected from main body parts of animals and eight species of ticks which belong to three genera were identified. Questionnaire survey was employed concerning the general case on the tick infestation problems on the cattle. From 384 cattle examined, 291 (75.7%) were found to be infested with one or more types of tick species. The relative prevalence of each genera was Amblyomma (34.9%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) (26.6%), Hyalomma (19.2%), and Rhipicephalus (19%). The prevalence of tick infestation in good (65.5%), medium (74%), and poor body condition animal (100%) was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). There was also significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence in old (98.4%) than adult (78.8%) and young (59.8%) age groups of animals. In the survey, 87.5% of respondents believe that there was tick infestation problem in their locality. This study showed there was high burden and prevalence of ticks that still play major roles in reducing productivity and cause health problems of cattle in the area which call for urgent attention.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Illnesses Presumably Caused by A SARS-CoV-2 Infection in The General Population During The Lockdown Period: A Multi-Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Carrat ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Gianluca Severi ◽  
Laurence Meyer ◽  
Florence Jusot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Our main objectives were to estimate the incidence of illnesses presumably caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the lockdown period and to identify the associated risk factors.Methods Participants from 3 adult cohorts in the general population in France were invited to participate in a survey on COVID-19. The main outcome was possible COVID-19, defined as a sudden onset of cough, fever, dyspnea, ageusia and/or anosmia, that lasted more than 3 days and occurred during the 17 days before the survey. We used delayed-entry Cox models to identify associated factors.Results Between April 2, 2020 and May 12, 2020, 279,478 participants were invited, 116,903 validated the questionnaire and 106,848 were included in the analysis. Three thousand thirty-five cases of possible COVID-19 were reported during 62,099 person-months of follow-up. The cumulative incidences of possible COVID-19 were 6.2% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 5.7%; 6.6%) on day 15 and 8.8% (95%CI 8.3%; 9.2%) on day 45 of lockdown. The risk of possible COVID-19 was lower in older age groups and higher in French regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in participants living in cities >100,000 inhabitants (vs rural areas), when at least one child or adolescent was living in the same household, in overweight or obese people, and in people with chronic respiratory diseases, anxiety or depression or chronic diseases other than diabetes, cancer, hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion The incidence of possible COVID-19 in the general population remained high during the first two weeks of lockdown, and decreased significantly thereafter. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF BOVINE FACIOLOSIS IN HALABA MUNICIPAL ABATTOR SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Muna Abdella ◽  
WubitTafese Mhatebu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2015 to march 2016 on bovine fasciolosis, to assess the abattoir based prevalence, predominant species of bovine fasciolosis and associated risk factors of the disease in cattle slaughtered in Halaba municipal abattoir. A total of 384 cattle were examined using post mortem examination. Infection rates were (3.64%), 2.34%, 2.08%, and 1.82 % F. gigantic, F. hepatica, mixed and immature respectively with the overall prevalence of 9.88 % (38). F. gigantic was found to be the most prevalent species in cattle of the study area. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of fasciola infection was significantly higher in poor body condition animals than in medium and good body condition animals (p < 0.05). However, in terms of age, sex and breed, no statistically significant difference was found between infected animals (p > 0.05).The present study showed that bovine fasciolosis is one of the important pathogens in cattle in the study area and warrants appropriate disease prevention and control measures and further epidemiological investigations to determine the different agro ecological risk factors on the occurrence of the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea, and associated risk factors, in children aged 0-5 years, at two hospitals in Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Adanma Florence Nwaoha ◽  
Camelita Chima Ohaeri ◽  
Ebube Charles Amaechi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Government ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of infectious mor­bidity and mortality in children under five years of age. This study aimed at identifying the most common parasites and potential risk factors for diarrhoea among children 0-5 years attending Abia State Specialist hospital and Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, in south east­ern Nigeria. We used 400 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea –and 200 without– in combination with hospital-based case control and a questionnaire Stool samples were processed with direct normal saline and formal-ether sedimentation method for parasitological stud­ies. More males than females were infected in nearly all age groups in both diarrhoeal and control groups (X2=23.04, df=1, P<0.05: X2=11.52, df=1, P<0.05 respectively). Amachara had more infections (X2=0.15, df=1, P< 0.05). January had the highest rate of infection (22.5%). Main clinical features were watery depositions over 3 times a day, diarrhoea lasting for days, fever, vomiting, and dehydration. Mothers learned about the problem through health workers, television and in medical centers. Risk correlated with mother’s education, occupation, latrine type, waste water disposal, hand washing, kitchen cleaning; sources and storage of water; and bottle milk (P< 0.05).Ignorance greatly con­tributed to the spread of parasitic disease in the area: the government should improve education and other strategies to alleviate the spread of the disease..

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni infection and risk factors among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Menjetta ◽  
Daniel Dana ◽  
Serkadis Debalke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hook Worm

Schistosomiasis/Bilharziasis is one of the neglected tropical parasitic diseases caused by different species of genus schistosoma. Among the species, S.mansoni (causative agents of intestinal schistosomiasis) is one of the causes of severe intestinal parasitic infections with high public and medical importance in Ethiopia. There is scarcity of information about the status of S.mansoni infection among the fisherman in the present study area and in the country at large. Therefore this study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S.mansoni infection among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the fishermen from April to June 2013 in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 243 fishermen were included by Systematic Random Sampling from the lists of the fishermen members in the registration book of fishermen associations in the Hawassa Town. Data on socio-demographic features and risk factors were collected by using semi-structured questionnaires. Stool samples were collected and processed using Kato-Katz thick smear techniques and examined between 30- 40 minute for hook worm and after 24 hours for S.mansoni and other soil transmitted helminths (STHs). The overall prevalence of S.mansoni among the fishermen was 29.21% (71/243) and the mean intensity of infection was 158.88 eggs per gram (EPG). The prevalence of intestinal helminths including S.mansoni was 69.54% (169/243). Moreover, the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STHs) were 40.74% (99/243), 35.80% (87/243) and 5.76% (14/243) for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm species, respectively. Almost similar prevalence of S.mansoni, 31.82%, 31.75%, 31.94% were recorded in age groups of 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 years, respectively. Fishermen who are swimming always were 2.92 times [95% CI: 1.554, 5.502] more likely to acquire S.mansoni infection than other water contacting habit of the study participants. The results of current investigation indicated the moderate endemicity of S.mansoni among the fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Fishermen could be the potential risk group for S.mansoni infection and might be responsible for the transmission of S.mansoni to other segments of the communities. Since high prevalence of STH were recorded among the fishermen, integrated prevention and control strategies from different sectors might be important to tackle the problem. Key words: S.mansoni, Soil transmitted helminths, Fishermen, Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia

scholarly journals A STUDY TO DOCUMENT LIFESTYLE ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS FOR NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Gunjan Jain ◽  
Jigisha Patadia ◽  
Praful Bambhroliya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The burden of morbidity and mortality from Non-Communicable disease has risen worldwide and is accelerating in low-income and middle-income countries. Lifestyle-associated risk factors among adolescent are rampantly increasing throughout the world. They place a tremendous demand on health care systems and social welfare, cause decreased productivity in the workplace, prolong disability and diminish resources within families. A life course approach to preventive efforts addressing NCDs and their risk factors and behaviors will improve child and adolescent health but also decrease lifetime health care costs. Nevertheless, those risk behaviors are initiated usually in the adolescent’s age groups which are continued to adult. Therefore, this group is important target for primordial prevention. This study is a cross-sectional study which aims to determine the prevalence of risk factors among adolescents attending the tertiary care centre in Surat, district of Gujarat, conducted in March 2019 to June 2019. A total of 498 adolescents were screened using a structured questionnaire. The study documented that improper diet is the major risk factor while habits like smoking and alcohol consumption is fairly uncommon. Study recommends creating awareness among adolescents and promoting healthier lifestyle habits.

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