scholarly journals A STUDY TO DOCUMENT LIFESTYLE ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS FOR NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Gunjan Jain ◽  
Jigisha Patadia ◽  
Praful Bambhroliya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The burden of morbidity and mortality from Non-Communicable disease has risen worldwide and is accelerating in low-income and middle-income countries. Lifestyle-associated risk factors among adolescent are rampantly increasing throughout the world. They place a tremendous demand on health care systems and social welfare, cause decreased productivity in the workplace, prolong disability and diminish resources within families. A life course approach to preventive efforts addressing NCDs and their risk factors and behaviors will improve child and adolescent health but also decrease lifetime health care costs. Nevertheless, those risk behaviors are initiated usually in the adolescent’s age groups which are continued to adult. Therefore, this group is important target for primordial prevention. This study is a cross-sectional study which aims to determine the prevalence of risk factors among adolescents attending the tertiary care centre in Surat, district of Gujarat, conducted in March 2019 to June 2019. A total of 498 adolescents were screened using a structured questionnaire. The study documented that improper diet is the major risk factor while habits like smoking and alcohol consumption is fairly uncommon. Study recommends creating awareness among adolescents and promoting healthier lifestyle habits.

scholarly journals Clinical and Etiological Profile of Mycotic Keratitis from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 2001-2006
Author(s):  
John Britto Augustin ◽  
Sureshbaboo Variamkandi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Prompt Treatment

BACKGROUND Corneal ulcer is the leading cause of ocular morbidity and monocular blindness worldwide. To effectively prevent blindness in patients with corneal ulcer, a proper understanding of the risk factors predisposing to ulceration, its clinical and microbiological characteristics are essential. Timely identification of aetiological agents causing corneal ulcers and their prompt treatment helps to save the vision. We wanted to detect aetiological agents of corneal ulcer with special references to fungal causes and characterize the fungal aetiological agents to species level. METHODS This is a cross sectional study, conducted in Government Medical college, Kozhikode, between January 2016 and June 2017. All patients who were clinically diagnosed as cases of infectious corneal ulcer in the Ophthalmology department, Government Medical College, Kozhikode were included in the study. Corneal scrapings collected from the infected eye were subjected to microbiological examination and culture. A total of 120 cases were analysed. Each patient was examined with the slit lamp bio microscope after staining with fluorescein. Scrapings from cornea at the site of corneal ulcer were collected by ophthalmologist after a detailed clinical history and examination of the affected eye. The laboratory procedures used in the diagnosis of infectious keratitis were based on direct visualization of organisms by subjecting corneal scrapings to Gram stain and KOH wet mount and inoculation of material on to blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. RESULTS Among the 120 cases, a total of 49 cases were culture positive. Twenty-one [17.5 %] were bacterial, twenty-two [18.34 %] were fungal and six [5.0 %] were poly microbial [bacteria and fungus]. Among the fungal aetiology, fusarium species was most common [32.14 %], followed by aspergillus species - 25.0 %. Trauma was the major risk factor. Diabetes mellitus, exposure keratitis were the other comorbidities / risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study shows majority of infected corneal ulcers are associated with risk factors and the aetiology are mainly fungi. Microscopy, culture, and clinical correlation helped in adequate management. Thus, prognosis and outcome of corneal ulcers rely on timely identification of their aetiology and prompt treatment. KEY WORDS Corneal ulcer, Fungal Keratitis

scholarly journals Ectopic pregnancy: an observational study in a tertiary care centre of Southern Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Shrusti Parmar ◽  
Nalini Sharma ◽  
Vimla Dhakar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Presentation

Background: One among the three chief obstetric causes of bleeding in first trimester, ectopic pregnancy is the first thing to rule out as a gestation is suspected. The present study observes and analyses sociodemographic distribution, risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and treatment modalities in a tertiary care centre.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study, conducted among patients who were diagnosed and managed in department of obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary care centre. Data analyzed and explained as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation.Results: Age group between 21 to 30 years (69.9%) and multigravida (68.5%) are high risk for ectopic pregnancy (EP). Menstrual history was regular in 86.3%. Risk factors identified were previous abortion (30%) and history of pelvic inflammatory disease (30%). In 80.9% pain in abdomen was presenting complaints followed by bleeding per vaginum (60%), amenorrhoea (60%) and nausea and vomiting (32.9%). Right salpingectomy was most common in 43.8%, followed by left salpingectomy in 28.8%, methotrexate in 15.1%, left salpingo-ophorectomy in 5.5%, right salpingo-opherectomy in 5.5% and removal of tubal abortion in 1.3% patients. Laparoscopy was chosen route in majority 64.4% patients.Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy - a gynecological catastrophe as well as a major challenge to the reproductive performance of women worldwide, should be considered a relevant public health issue. By providing adequate materials, manpower, well-equipped health facilities as well as a prompt and efficient referral system, good access roads and efficient transportation, will ensure early presentation in hospitals and prompt management of cases.

scholarly journals Delirium in Critically ill Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Region of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
P Thapa ◽  
PK Chakraborty ◽  
JB Khattri ◽  
K Ramesh ◽  
P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Delirium affects a significant proportion of critically ill patients admitted in hospital. It is associated with various adverse outcomes. Despite its enormous prognostic significance it tends to be underdiagnosed. There is a dearth of studies on risk factors of delirium in our setting.Objectives The main objectives of this study was to find out the prevalence, rate of non recognition and risk factors associated with delirium in hospitalized critically ill patients.Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out. Data was collected using a predesigned semi-structured proforma and Intensive care delirium screening checklist was used to screen for delirium in patients admitted in various wards of Manipal teaching hospital, Pokhara, Nepal.Results Ninety five cases were included in the analysis. The mean age of study group was 58.9 ± 19.1 years. Delirium was present in 15/95 cases and it was not recognized by treating physician in about one third of cases. Odds ratio (OR) was statistically significantly increased in patients with history of stroke (OR=4.484 95% CI=1.0896;18.459), alcohol use (OR=10.792 95% CI=2.906;40.072), smoking (OR= 4.836 95% CI= 1.411;16.576), use of restraint (OR=17.143 95% CI=4.401;66.766), nasogastric tube placement (OR= 7.731 95% CI=2.348;25.452) and use of Foley’s catheter (OR=12.000 95% CI= 3.072;46.877).Conclusion About 16% of critically ill patients were found to be delirious. In about one third of the cases delirium was not recognized. Both patient related and iatrogenic factors may increase the risk of delirium in hospitalized critically ill patients.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 117-120

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DRY EYE AMONG PATIENTS OF A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN EASTERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Nilesh Mohan ◽  
Vandana Parasar ◽  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Rakhi Kusumesh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Office Worker ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Ocular Discomfort

AIM: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye among patients of a tertiary care centre in eastern India. Symptoms of dry eye are encountered as one of the most frequent complains among the patients attending the outpatient department in ophthalmology commonly presenting as ocular discomfort, burning sensation and foreign body sensation.Prevalence of this entity is still not known in our study population due to lack of specificity of symptoms and diagnostic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending ophthalmology OPD in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Bihar. 4116 (16.64%) patients with dry eye symptoms were examined after taking informed consent. RESULTS: 1620 (6.55%) patients were found to have dry eye based on McMonnies questionnaire, Schirmer's test and tear film breakup time.There were 1180 female and 440 male with dry eye.Male to female ratio was 2.7:1.Non-tribals were affected more commonly than tribals. Students, outdoor workers and office worker with professional constituted over fifty percent of dry eye cases. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of dry eye was more in females and elderly as compared to male and younger population respectively.Burning sensation and ocular discomfort was the most common presenting complains.

scholarly journals Estimation of Anti-HBs Titer in Health Care Professionals of a Tertiary Care Centre of Southern Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 510-515
Author(s):  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Atanu Chakravarty ◽  
Barnamoy Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Increased Risk

Background- Due to occupational exposure to blood, body fluids and sharps, the health care professionals are at increased risk of contracting the Hepatitis B virus infection than general population. To combat this, all the health care professionals must be immunized with protective level of anti-HBs but anti-HBs titer gradually wanes with passage of time and may be influenced by gender, smoking or chewing tobacco, diabetes mellitus etc. This study was thus carried out to find the percentage of health care professionals with protective titer of anti-HBs and find the association (if any) of low anti-HBs titer and factors like gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus and time elapsed post vaccination. Method- This cross-sectional study has been carried out with proper ethical clearance from May2018- September2019 in Serology section of VRDL under Department of Microbiology in a Medical College of Southern Assam on serum samples collected from 150 health care professionals vaccinated with 3 doses of recombinant HBsAg vaccine atleast 5years back. Anti-HBs IgG concentration was measured by conventional ELISA in multistandard mode. Result- Out of 150 participants,95 were males and 55 were females.27 participants smoked/chewed tobacco,8 had diabetes mellitus. Booster dose was received by 23. Protective level of anti-HBs IgG (>10 IU/ml) was found in 66% (98/150) of HCP only. Low anti-HBs titer has been found to be significantly associated with Diabetes mellitus (p–0.03) and passage of more than 10 years post primary vaccination(p-0.005) but no significant association has been found with gender, smoking and history of blood transfusion. Conclusion- HBsAg vaccine doesn’t impart everlasting protection. So, all HCP, especially those with co-morbidities should get their anti-HBs titer estimated after vaccination to check out for adequate seroconversion and attainment of protective titer. If found inadequate, they should go for repeat vaccination /booster doses. Keywords: Healthcare professionals, Vaccinated, Anti HBs IgG, Assam,

BURNOUT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS OF A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN NORTHERN INDIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Vikesh Gupta ◽  
Sukhjit Singh ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Pankaj Kanwar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Care Workers

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a novel viral illness due to which an uncertainty has developed among the general public as well as the health care workers (HCWs) regarding the future of mankind. This has resulted in burnout among the HCWs which has been reported by researchers from different parts of the world. Method: A cross sectional study was done among health care workers (faculty members, residents, nurses and interns) working in different specialties of a tertiary care health centre of Northern India. A self-designed performa containing sociodemographic details along with “Burnout Self-Test” scale was used to obtain the prevalence of burnout among HCWs. Result: Among 192 participants, the signs of burnout were found in 148 participants (77.1%) and most had mild burnout 90 (46.88). Conclusion: Burnout amongst health care workers is high particularly in unmarried and female HCWs.

scholarly journals Study of Delirium on Psychiatric Referrals at Helping Hands Community Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Praveen Bhattarai ◽  
Devavrat Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background and Objectives: Delirium is one of the most important neuro-psychiatric disorders in Consultation liaison psychiatry. There is a dearth of studies in this subject in Nepalese context. The objective of this study was to find out the demographic profile, source of referral, reason for referral and possible risk factors for delirium and association between risk factors and subtypes of delirium.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary care center over a period of six months. Delirium was diagnosed by psychiatrist based on International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10 DCR) and was classified into subtypes using the Liptzin and Levkoff criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and chi- square test was applied to find the association between risk factors and subtypes of delirium.Results: A total of 52 cases of delirium were included in the study. Majority of cases were aged 65 years and above with male preponderance. The most common cause for referral was disturbed behavior and disorientation. Hyperactive delirium was the most common subtype of delirium. Most of the referred cases of delirium were from Medical ward and Intensive Care Unit/Critical Care Unit (ICU/CCU). Infection / Inflammation, Drug/alcohol intoxication or withdrawal and those with multiple etiologies were the most common possible causes of delirium. There was no significant difference in terms of associated risk factors between the clinical subtype (p = 0.8023).Conclusion: The presence of delirium warrants prompt intervention to identify and treat the underlying causes and consultation liaison psychiatric services should be enhanced to achieve this goal.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 19-26

scholarly journals Anxiety among Doctors during COVID-19 Pandemic in Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Riazul Hasan ◽  
Zeeshan Hamid ◽  
Muhammad Talha Jawaid ◽  
Rashida Kaizar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objective: To assess the level of anxiety among doctors during COVID-19 pandemic and the associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 30th April to 16th May, 2020 in Karachi, Pakistan. The data was collected via an online web-based questionnaire. Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety level using GAD-7 scale among health-care professionals and the risk factors playing role in it. Results: One hundred and fifty-one doctors participated in our study. Out of these 151 participants, 69 (45.7%) had mild, 22 (14.6%) had moderate, and 5 (3.3%) had severe symptoms of anxiety, whereas the remaining 55 (36.4%) had no anxiety according to GAD-7 scale. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] GAD-7 scale scores are 6.0 [3.00-9.00]. Females showed more severe degrees of measurement of anxiety symptoms than males. Doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients showed higher level of anxiety as compared to the doctors who were not dealing with COVID-19 patients, having a significant difference (U = 9.697, p = 0.008). One hundred and forty-one (93.4%) participants were concerned about being exposed to COVID-19 at work and 112 (74.2 %) thought they have inadequate protective equipment for safety. Conclusions: During COVID-19 pandemic, doctors exhibited different grades of anxiety. In order for healthcare workers to perform to the best of their capability, certain guidelines and interventions are needed. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.3113 How to cite this:Hasan SR, Hamid Z, Jawaid MT, Ali RK. Anxiety among Doctors during COVID-19 Pandemic in Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.3113 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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