A Brief Review on the Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Peptides Revealed in Mud Crabs from the Genus of Scylla

Mud crab from the genus Scylla is also known as mangrove crab, which has been well-accepted as a good source of protein. Recently, the antioxidant properties present in mud crabs have been reported to have a part in the protection of cells against free radicals. Meanwhile, numerous antimicrobial peptides from mud crabs have managed to be characterized through the display of antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hence, this paper is an effort to collect recent literatures on antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in every part of mud crabs which include muscle tissue, hemolymph, and crab shell. Moreover, the effort to understand the biological properties of mud crabs is important to enhance its production in aquaculture industry. Therefore, this review hoped to attract the attention of natural product researchers to focus on the potential therapeutic applications of mud crabs.

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Characterization, Antimicrobial Properties and Coatings Application of Gellan Gum Oxidized with Hydrogen Peroxide

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8010031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yushuang Lu ◽

Xiaojian Zhao ◽

Sheng Fang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gellan Gum ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Carboxyl Groups ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

H2o2 Oxidation

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation on the physicochemical, gelation and antimicrobial properties of gellan gum was studied. The oxidized gellan gum (OGG) was characterized by measuring the carboxyl/carbonyl group contents, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The H2O2 oxidation resulted in a large increase in the carboxyl groups in gellan gum. The OGG lost gelation ability by oxidation even in the presence of metal ions. The antimicrobial activities of the OGG against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and fungal (Aspergillus niger) were tested. The OGG could inhibit the growth of both bacteria and fungal, and the activity was improved with an increase in the oxidation level. Finally, the application of the OGG as an active coatings material to extend the storage of apples was tested.

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cDNA cloning and functional characterisation of four antimicrobial peptides from Paa spinosa

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2015-4220 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (9-10) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bao Juan Dong ◽

Zhong Gen Zhan ◽

Rong Quan Zheng ◽

Wen Chen ◽

Jin Jin Min

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Small Peptides ◽

Future Design ◽

Functional Characterisation ◽

Race Technique

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides found in many organisms defending themselves against pathogens. AMPs form the first line of host defence against pathogenic infections and are key components of the innate immune system of amphibians. In the current study, cDNAs of precursors of four novel antimicrobial peptides in the skin of Paa spinosa were cloned and sequenced using the 3′-RACE technique. Mature peptides, named spinosan A–D, encoded by the cDNAs were chemically synthesized and their chemical properties were predicted. The antimicrobial, antioxidative, cyotoxic and haemolytic activities of these four AMPs were determined. While the synthesised spinosans A–C exhibited no activity towards any of the bacterial strains tested, spinosan-D exhibited weak but broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All peptides were weakly haemolytic towards rabbit erythrocytes, had a strong antioxidative activity, and a low cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells. These findings provide helpful insights that may be useful in the future design of anti-infective peptide agents.

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Antimicrobial Ionic Liquids with Fumarate Anion

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/473153 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Biyan He ◽

Guangnan Ou ◽

Changyi Zhou ◽

Meihong Wang ◽

Suyan Chen

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Research Field ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Active Research

The shortage of new antimicrobial drugs and increasing resistance of microbe to antimicrobial agents have been of some concern. The formulation studies of new antibacterial and antifungal agents have been an active research field. Ionic liquids are known as designed liquids with controllable physical/chemical/biological properties and specific functions, which have been attracting considerable interest over recent years. However, no attention has been made towards the preparation of ionic liquids with antimicrobial activities. In this paper, a new class of ionic liquids (ILs) with fumarate anion was synthesized by neutralization of aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide with equimolar monoester fumarate and characterized using NMR and thermal gravimetric analysis. The ILs are soluble in water and polar organic solvents and also soluble in the common ILs. The antimicrobial activities of the ILs are more active than commercially available potassium sorbate and are greatly affected by the alkyl chain length. The significant antimicrobial properties observed in this research suggest that the ILs may have potential applications in the modern biotechnology.

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A study of antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extract of bee pollen against

10.21203/rs.3.rs-819311/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kasim Roba Jilo

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Stock Solutions

Abstract Background Ethiopia is one of the plant species-rich countries in the world and the center of origin of many medicinal plants. Studying antimicrobial activities of pollen is vivacious to investigate plant resources for medicinal values and the study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial properties of bee pollen against mentioned bacteria. Methods Completely Randomized Design was used for laboratory work. After adjusting turbidity, consistent growth of bacterial culture was made using a sterilized cotton swab. 20 grams of bee pollen was added to 200 ml of distilled water as well as ethanol and finally, the extract was filtered by Whatman filter by paper, dried and weighted and stock solutions were made as follows,3.6 gm. was added to 12 ml of distilled water to prepare stock solutions as follows 3.6:12 = 0.3 x \({10}^{6}\) = 3 x \({10}^{5}\) ppm stock solution and antimicrobial activities of pollen were tested against mentioned bacteria. Data were imported to R software version 3.44. Multilevel analysis was used to see the interaction between bacteria species and each concentration of pollen and Anova was used to see the significance of these concentrations on bacteria species. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Results indicated that bacteria were more inhibited at 72 hours than 48 and 24 hours and the results showed an ethanolic extract of bee pollen had antimicrobial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria mentioned above. Time has significant effects on tested bacteria (p = 0.000) and treatments have significant effects on tested organisms (p = 0.000). The ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of more Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Shigella boydii. Bacillus subtilis was mostly inhibited by aqueous extract of bee pollen than others. Conclusions Ethanolic extract of pollen had antibacterial activities against all tested bacterial strains even though it is concentration and time-based. The ethanolic extract inhibited more Gram-negative bacteria relatively while aqueous extract inhibited more Gram-positive relatively. Negative controls (sterilized water) didn’t show any antimicrobial properties, while positive control (Chloramphenicol) had antimicrobial activities. Further isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from pollen are useful to develop a novel botanical formulation for further applications from the pollen of medicinal plants.

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PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSLUCENT SOAP PREPARED USING ALOE VERA GEL AND ZIZIPHUS JUJUBE LEAF EXTRACT AS ANTIMICROBIAL SOURCE

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 348-354

Author(s):

Aliyu Shehu ◽

Ahmed Salisu ◽

Nura S. Gwaram

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Aloe Vera Gel ◽

Ziziphus Jujube

In this study, the antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of translucent antimicrobial soap prepared using two medicinal plants, Aloe vera gel and Ziziphus jujube leaf extract was evaluated. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed the pH (7.52±0.02), hardness(1.3 cm±0.02), solubility (0.82 g±0.02) and foamability (6.80 cm±0.03) of the prepared soap and these values were within the acceptable limit set by WHO/SON which make the prepared soap skin-friendly. Similarly, the antimicrobial screening was carried out on selected Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as on fungi species using disc diffusion methods and the results showed varying antimicrobial activity at different concentrations ranging from 62.5-500 mg/ml. However, the susceptibility of test bacteria in terms of the zone of inhibition at 500mg/ml of the soap was observed on Staphylococcus lentus (22 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (20mm), Escherichia coli (15 mm), Raoltella ornithinolytica (12mm). The result of antifungal properties was as follows, Candida albicans (12 mm), Trichophyton rubrum (12 mm), and Aspergillus nigar (10 mm) at 500 mg/ml concentration. The results when compared to other antimicrobial soap in the market indicate good quality by inhibiting the growth of both Gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activities exhibited by the soap in this study could be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents in the plant extracts, which signify the potential of the soap as an antimicrobial agent. Therefore, these findings confirmed the efficacy of Aloe vera gel and Zizipus jujube extract in traditional medicine.

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Study of Growth and Survival of Mud Crab (Scylla serrata, Forskal) with Different Salinity Levels in culture media

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 934 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

Eddiwan ◽

T Dahril ◽

Adriman ◽

Budijono ◽

Efawani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Salt Content ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Scylla Serrata ◽

Mud Crab ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Mangrove Crab ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

B 31 ◽

Mud Crabs

Abstract The aim of this study to find out the optimal level of salinity for the growth and survival of the mud crab (Scylla serrata). The weight of crab seeds were about 47.65-51.32 grams and the carapace length ranged from 64.35-71.30 mm, then put into 12 tanks (1 m x 1 m x 0.4 m) with a density of 4 crab seed per tank. During the maintenance of this test, mangrove crab was fed with fresh chicken intestines as much as 10% of its body weight per day. Water changes are carried out more than 150% per week. At the beginning of the experiment, each tank was conditioned to the same water salinity in all experimental units, namely 33 ppt. To see the effect of differences in salinity levels on the growth and survival of mud crabs, 4 treatments were made consisting of (A) 33 ppt salt content, (B) 31 ppt salt content, (C). The salt content is 29 ppt, and (D) the salt content is 27 ppt. From the results of this experiment, it is known that a decrease in the salt content of 4 ppt is the best treatment for the growth of mud crabs, but has no effect on the survival value.

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Antibacterial Activity and Specificity of the Six Human α-Defensins

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.49.1.269-275.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 202

Author(s):

Bryan Ericksen ◽

Zhibin Wu ◽

Wuyuan Lu ◽

Robert I. Lehrer

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Host Defense Peptides ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Relative Potencies ◽

Lethal Doses

ABSTRACT We developed a kinetic, 96-well turbidimetric procedure that is capable of testing the antimicrobial properties of six human α-defensins concurrently on a single microplate. The defensins were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli). Analysis of the growth curves provided virtual lethal doses (vLDs) equivalent to conventional 50% lethal doses (LD50s), LD90s, LD99s, and LD99.9s obtained from colony counts. On the basis of their respective vLD90s and vLD99s, the relative potencies of human myeloid α-defensins against S. aureus were HNP2 > HNP1 > HNP3 > HNP4. In contrast, their relative potencies against E. coli and E. aerogenes were HNP4 > HNP2 > HNP1 = HNP3. HD5 was as effective as HNP2 against S. aureus and as effective as HNP4 against the gram-negative bacteria in our panel. HD6 showed little or no activity against any of the bacteria in our panel, including B. cereus, which was highly susceptible to the other five α-defensins. The assay described provides a quantitative, precise, and economical way to study the antimicrobial activities of host-defense peptides. Its use has clarified the relative potencies of human α-defensins and raised intriguing questions about the in vivo function(s) of HD6.

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A Comparison between Characterization and Biological Properties of Brazilian Fresh and Aged Propolis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/257617 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Eduardo Morgado Schmidt ◽

Daniele Stock ◽

Fabio José Garcia Chada ◽

Daiane Finger ◽

Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Qualitative Composition ◽

Flavonoid Composition ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective. As propolis is a highly valued bee product, we aimed to verify the quality of aged propolis, investigating their phenolic and flavonoid composition, levels of toxic metals, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities.Material and Methods. Samples of fresh and aged propolis of six different beekeepers, from the same geographical location, were investigated in terms of their phenolic and flavonoid composition and levels of Pb, Cd, and Cr, as well as radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities.Results. The two groups of propolis had similar qualitative composition by HPLC-PDA and ESI(-)-MS. Fresh propolis and aged propolis show no differences when average values of extraction yield, flavonoids, EC50, or MIC were compared and both types of propolis showed good antimicrobial activity at low concentrations. Only levels of phenolic compounds were higher in fresh propolis.Conclusion. The propolis samples considered in this study, aged or fresh, had similar qualitative composition, although they were collected in different periods. Samples only differed in their levels of total phenolic content. Moreover, aged propolis conserves significant radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties. We suggest that aged propolis should not be discarded but explored for alternative applications.

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Metabolomic Profiling and Biological Activities of Pleurotus columbinus Quél. Cultivated on Different Agri-Food Byproducts

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10101245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1245

Author(s):

Paola Angelini ◽

Roberto Maria Pellegrino ◽

Bruno Tirillini ◽

Giancarlo Angeles Flores ◽

Husam B. R. Alabed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Quantitative Hplc ◽

Mushroom Extracts

The genus Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm (Pleurotaceae, Basidiomycota) comprises a cosmopolitan group of mushrooms highly appreciated for their nutritional value and health-promoting benefits. Despite there being many studies about the phytochemical composition of Pleurotus spp., there are very few reports dealing with the phytochemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of P. columbinus Quél. In this study, a mass spectrometry ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC)-QTOF method, coupled with principal component analysis (PCA), was applied to the P. columbinus metabolome in order to investigate the influence of different agri-food residues as growth substrates for P. columbinus cultivation, on the bioactive chemical profile of fruiting bodies and evaluated their potential as antioxidants and antimicrobials. Additionally, a quantitative HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was conducted on phenolic and flavonoid compounds, that could explain, albeit partially, the observed biological effects of P. columbinus extracts. The qualitative metabolic profile identified 97 metabolites, whereas the quantitative HPLC-DAD-MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and flavonoids, in the mushroom extracts, which also showed intrinsic scavenging/reducing and antimicrobial effects. The antibacterial effects were particularly evident against Escherichia coli, whereas Tricophyton and Aspergillus were the dermatophytes more sensitive to the mushroom extracts. The present study supports more in-depth investigations, aimed at evaluating the influence of growth substrate on P. columbinus antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The extracts from P. columbinus revealed valuable sources of primary and secondary metabolites, thus suggesting potential applications in the formulation of food supplements with biological properties, above all in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

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Investigation of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Lobularia maritima: Potent Therapeutic Applications

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/1981680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Soumaya Kouidhi ◽

Oumaima Zidi ◽

Soukaina Abdelwahed ◽

Yasmine Souissi ◽

Najla Trabelsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽

Therapeutic Applications ◽

Lobularia Maritima ◽

Promising Source ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Lobularia maritima, commonly known as sweet alyssum, is an annual ornamental halophyte widely spread along the Tunisian seashore. However, little is known about the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Lobularia maritima. The present study aimed to investigate the potential biological properties of different parts (flowers, leaves, roots, and stems) of Tunisian L. maritima using diverse extraction methods. Extracts were then studied for their antioxidant properties, and the highest antioxidant activity was presented in the roots’ fractions. Added to this, flower, leaf, and root fractions showed interesting antimicrobial and antifungal activities against different Gram+ and Gram− bacteria and against Aspergillus ochraceus. Finally, the most active fractions (presenting the highest biological activities) were analyzed using silica gel purification and mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis, and different compounds were identified such as camphor, amide of oleic acids, tributyl acetylcitrate, betulinaldehyde, menthol, 1′-(butyn-3-one-1-yl)-, (1S, 2S, 5R), benzyl benzoate, 7-acetyl-6-ethyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetralin, 2,4-heptadienal, (E,E), and nootkaton-11,12-epoxide. This work represents the first in-depth investigation of the content of bioactive compounds from Lobularia maritima. This species could potentially be a promising source of useful compounds for therapeutic applications.

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