scholarly journals Feasibility Study on a Measurement Method and a Portable Measuring System to Estimate the Concentration of Cloxacillin andβ-Lactamase in Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ferrari ◽  
Luigi Rovati ◽  
Maria Paola Costi ◽  
Rosaria Luciani ◽  
Alberto Venturelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Qualitative Result ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mastitis Control

Antibiotics are nowadays used and abused worldwide in common veterinary practice to treat diseases, prevent infections, and promote animal’s growth. Drug resistance occurrence is a relevant phenomenon that can inactivate the antibiotic. Moreover, antibiotics used for animals are also found in milk and it poses serious health risks to humans. Another negative effect is related to milk processors since antibiotics cause detrimental effects on cheese and yogurt starter bacteria. Given its consumption as both beverage and derivatives, milk is one of the most regulated products in food industry. Nowadays several commercial tests are available to investigate antibiotics in milk, but they generally provide a qualitative result, require bulky procedure, and are time consuming. In this paper, we investigate the use of a chromogenic cephalosporin to quantify the concentration of cloxacillin—aβ-lactam difficult to be detected by using “cowside” screenings which is the drug of choice in the method of mastitis control. The proposed measurement method and prototype have been demonstrated to be able to detect cloxacillin in milk at concentrations lower than the MRL set by the European Commission. Moreover, they are also able to detect the illegal practice of usingβ-lactamase to degradeβ-lactams in milk.

The measuring system for monitoring the microarc heating process during surface hardening of steel products

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Makar S. Stepanov ◽  
rina G. Koshlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Measured Temperature

The accelerated heat treatment during steel products hardening technology has been investigated. The possibility of measuring the temperature of steel products by thermoelectric platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple under microarc heating conditions is analyzed. During the experiments, working junctions of two S-type thermocouples: working and standard, were coined into the sample surface at the same level. The free thermocouples ends were connected to a digital multimeter and a personal computer. It was determined that 5 factors affect the measurement results: the electric current strength in the circuit, carbon powder, calibration, number of repeated measurement cycles, and a thermocouple copy. When planning the experiment, the concept of conducting a step-by-step nested experiment was used. Variance analysis method was used to process the experimental results. The measurement method precision parameters were calculated: repeatability and reproducibility. A linear mathematical model linking the measurement method reproducibility index with the measured temperature value has been obtained. A linear mathematical model is obtained that relates the reproducibility index of the measurement method to the measured temperature value. A measuring system for the experimental determination of the temperature of a steel sample is proposed and its application is justified for different electric current densities on the sample surface and varying duration of microarc heating. The possibilities of selecting and controlling the microarc heating modes depending on the required temperature of the heat treatment of the steel product are determined.

Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora and Their Impact on Foods: A Review

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN B. ROSE ◽  
THERESA R. SLIFKO
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Waterborne Transmission ◽  
And Control

While the risk from pathogenic microorganisms in foods has been recognized for hundreds of years, bacterial agents are generally implicated as the contaminants. Although many outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by protozoan pathogens have occurred, it is only in the last 3 years that attention has focused on protozoan association with foodborne transmission. Recognized as waterborne parasites, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora have now been associated with several food-borne outbreaks. The oocysts and cysts of these organisms can persist and survive for long periods of time both in water and on foods. While Cyclospora oocysts require a maturation period, Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts are immediately infectious upon excretion from the previous host. As a result, these parasites have emerged as public health risks and have become a concern to the food industry. More than 200 cases of foodborne giardiasis (seven outbreaks) were reported from 1979 to 1990. Four foodborne Cryptosporidium outbreaks (with a total of 252 cases) have been documented since 1993. Cyclospora caused a series of sporadic outbreaks of cyclosporasis throughout North America that have affected over 3,038 people since 1995. Control and prevention of protozoan foodborne disease depends upon our ability to prevent, remove, or kill protozoan contaminants. This review will address the biology, foodborne and waterborne transmission, survival, and methods for detection and control of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora.

Study on the Measurement of U-238 Neutron Yield Base on the Fission Chamber

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Ju Mei Ai ◽  
Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Yield ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Fission Neutron ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Fission Chamber ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Yield Monitoring ◽  
Α Particles

This paper discusses a variety of fission neutron yield measurement method, a D-T / D-D neutron yield monitoring of U-238 fission ionization chamber measuring system, the application of spontaneous decay of U-238 α-particles for initial debugging of the system. At different voltage on the α-particle energy spectrum and α particle counts were measured, given the U-238 fission chamber curve to determine the U-238 fission chamber measurement system the best operating parameters.

scholarly journals Research on Reducer Power Measurement System of Bridge Crane

2018 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Zhihao Ge ◽  
Yifei Tong ◽  
Meng Zhong ◽  
Xiangdong Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Bridge Crane ◽  
Host System

In this paper, the reducer is taken as the research object for power measurement. First, the demand of reducer power measurement is analyzed, and the method for measuring power is determined. Then, in view of the power measurement method adopted by the reducer, the overall framework of the measuring system is carried out, and the host system is designed.

scholarly journals Use of kinase inhibitors against schistosomes to improve and broaden praziquantel efficacy

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (13) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498
Author(s):  
Sujeevi S. K. Nawaratna ◽  
Donald P. McManus ◽  
Robin B. Gasser ◽  
Paul J. Brindley ◽  
Glen M. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPraziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis. The potential drug resistance necessitates the search for adjunct or alternative therapies to PZQ. Previous functional genomics has shown that RNAi inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) gene in Schistosoma adult worms significantly improved the effectiveness of PZQ. Here we tested the in vitro efficacy of 15 selective and non-selective CaMK inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni and showed that PZQ efficacy was improved against refractory juvenile parasites when combined with these CaMK inhibitors. By measuring CaMK activity and the mobility of adult S. mansoni, we identified two non-selective CaMK inhibitors, Staurosporine (STSP) and 1Naphthyl PP1 (1NAPP1), as promising candidates for further study. The impact of STSP and 1NAPP1 was investigated in mice infected with S. mansoni in the presence or absence of a sub-lethal dose of PZQ against 2- and 7-day-old schistosomula and adults. Treatment with STSP/PZQ induced a significant (47–68%) liver egg burden reduction compared with mice treated with PZQ alone. The findings indicate that the combination of STSP and PZQ dosages significantly improved anti-schistosomal activity compared to PZQ alone, demonstrating the potential of selective and non-selective CaMK/kinase inhibitors as a combination therapy with PZQ in treating schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Comparison of selected theoretical models of bubble formation and experimental results

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz R. Rząsa
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Determination Of Parameters

Abstract Designers of all types of equipment applied in oxygenation and aeration need to get to know the mechanism behind the gas bubble formation. This paper presents a measurement method used for determination of parameters of bubbles forming at jet attachment from which the bubles are displaced upward. The measuring system is based on an optical tomograph containing five projections. An image from the tomograph contains shapes of the forming bubbles and determine their volumes and formation rate. Additionally, this paper presents selected theoretical models known from literature. The measurement results have been compared with simple theoretical models predictions. The paper also contains a study of the potential to apply the presented method for determination of bubble structures and observation of intermediate states.

Proposal of an Improved Contactless Measurement Method Using an Advanced LED Displacement Sensor for Vibration Stress of Piping Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Maekawa ◽  
Takashi Tsuji ◽  
Tsuneo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Mode Shape ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Vibration Stress

Abstract The present paper proposes an improved contactless measurement method for vibration stress of piping systems, by which the measurement time is shorter and the measuring works are more simple. The proposed method includes two processes, in which the bending mode shape of piping vibration is identified by a transmission-type light emitting diode (LED) displacement sensor and the vibration stress is calculated based on beam theory using the approximated curve of the bending mode shape. The proposed method uses one advanced LED displacement sensor to measure the vibration stress though multiple conventional LED sensors must be used in the previous method developed by the authors. Therefore, the measuring system could be reduced in size and a light-weight and portable measurement instrument was developed. The measurement accuracy and reliability of the new method were validated by the vibration experiment using a mock-up piping system.

A Coaxiality Measurement Method for Hole Using Non-Diffracting Beam Technology

2005 ◽  
Vol 295-296 ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.B. Zhang ◽  
X.Q. Jiang ◽  
Z. Li
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Line Method

Combining the non-diffracting beam datum-line method with the roundness measuring technology, a high precision coaxiality measurement method for a hole whose diameter is more than 40mm is proposed. The principle of the measuring system is introduced and error analysis and test to verify it are presented. The measuring uncertainty of this coaxiality system is less than 1µm when the measuring range is within 1.5m. The measuring uncertainty of error of roundness is less than 0.4µm when the error measuring range is -200~+200µm. This system has many advantages and it can be applied widely for coaxiality measurement.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, Functional, and Nutraceutical Properties of Eggplant Flours Obtained by Different Drying Methods

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Rodriguez-Jimenez ◽  
Carlos Amaya-Guerra ◽  
Juan Baez-Gonzalez ◽  
Carlos Aguilera-Gonzalez ◽  
Vania Urias-Orona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

The importance of consuming functional foods has led the food industry to look for alternative sources of ingredients of natural origin. Eggplants are a type of vegetable that is valued for its content in phytochemical compounds and it is due to the fact that this research is conducted towards the development of eggplant flour as a proposal to be used as a functional ingredient in the food industry. In this study, the eggplant fruits were divided into four groups, based on the drying method and the equipment used: Minced, drying oven (T1); sliced, drying oven (T2); sliced and frozen, drying tunnel (T3); and sliced, drying tunnel (T4). All the eggplant flours showed the same trend regarding their antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in the order T2 > T4 > T1 > T3. The freezing of eggplant was found to have a negative effect on functional and antioxidant properties. With respect to their nutritional composition, the flours did not change in their crude fiber, protein, and fat contents. In general terms, the T2 flour is a potential ingredient for the preparation of foods with functional properties since it is rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidants.

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