scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Justicia schimperiana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belay Mekonnen ◽  
Assefa Belay Asrie ◽  
Zewdu Birhanu Wubneh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Agent

Background. Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of preventable death in developing countries and mainly affects children and infants. It has been reported that the leaf of Justicia schimperiana is used as an antidiarrheal agent in Libo Kemekem district, northwest Ethiopia. Method. The 80% methanolic leaf extract of J. schimperiana was evaluated for its activity against castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility in mice. Results. Significant reduction (p<0.001) in the total defecation and diarrheal drops was produced by all the test doses of the extract. Percentage inhibition of wet feces was 42.58, 65.07, and 74.96% at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. The extract also significantly inhibited castor oil-induced enteropooling at all test doses. The percent reduction in mean weight of intestinal contents was 66.96, 67.83, and 76.52% at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. The extract significantly reduced gastrointestinal movement of charcoal meal as well at 200 (p<0.01) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) doses. Conclusion. In conclusion, the methanolic leaf extract of J. schimperiana has an antidiarrheal activity and this supports the use of this plant in the treatment of diarrhea in the traditional settings.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam) from Central Kalimantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Levels

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of preventable death in developing countries including in Indonesia and Malaysia. It has been reported that the leaves of sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam) is used traditionally as an antidiarrheal treatment in Central Kalimantan. The present study was aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity against diarrhea using the ethanolic extract of sangkareho leaves. The extract was used for castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. The extracts were given orally to the mice at 200, 300, 400 mg/kg bodyweight and loperamide was used as a standard drug for diarrhea. The results showed % inhibition of diarrhea with values of no detected, 42.62%, 81.97%, 70.49% at 200, 300, 400 mg/kg bodyweight dose levels of the extract and loperamide, respectively as compared to the negative control. It can be considered at a dose level of 400 mg/kg bodyweight the extract has a greater anti-diarrheal effect than loperamide. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of sangkareho leaves (Callicarpa longifolia Lam) has anti-diarrheal activity and this supports the use of this plant as antidiarrhea in traditional treatment.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Davie Rexon Kamadyaapa ◽  
Mavuto Masopera Gondwe ◽  
Mathulo Shauli ◽  
Constance Sewani Rusike ◽  
Jehu Iputo
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EEJ) using various models of experimental diarrhea.Methods: Antidiarrheal property of EEJ at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal propulsive models of experimental diarrhea in Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200–250 g. Cytotoxicity test of EEJ was performed using brine shrimp bioassay.Results: Toxicity assay of EEJ showed a lethal concentration value of 1225 μg/ml suggesting non-toxicity. EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bwt) inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea by 38.1%, 76.19%, and 100%, respectively, and enteropooling by 28%, 56%, and 88%, respectively, compared with control. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, α2-adrenoceptor blocker significantly reversed the protective effect of EEJ (400 mg/kg) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and against castor oil-induced enteropooling, suggesting the involvement of α2-adrenoceptors in antidiarrheal property of EEJ. Furthermore, EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dosedependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg/bwt) inhibited gastrointestinal motility by 28%, 62%, and 83.92%, respectively.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the antidiarrheal potential of ethanolic leaf extract of EEJ, which may be attributable to its dual antisecretory and antimotility activities probably through activation of the sympathetic α2-adrenergic pathway.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Osyris quadripartita Decne (Santalaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1983334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Yigzaw Teferi ◽  
Mohammedbirhan Abdulwuhab ◽  
Jibril Seid Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Different Doses

The leaf of Osyris quadripartita is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in different parts of Ethiopia. However, its use has not been scientifically validated for its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. quadripartita in mice models. Different doses of the methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil–induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models in Swiss Albino mice. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared with standard drugs and negative control groups of mice. The extract at all tested doses resulted in significant reduction ( P < .01) in number of wet feces, whereas significant reduction ( P < .01) in frequency of defecation in castor oil–induced diarrhea was seen at a dose of 400 mg/kg. It also showed a dose-dependent and significant reduction of volume of intestinal content in the enteropooling model at all tested doses and the observed results in 200 and 400 mg/kg were better than the standard drug, loperamide. However, significant antimotility effect was not observed at any of the tested doses. From these results we can conclude that methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita showed antidiarrheal activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activities of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Dodonaea viscosa L.(Sapindaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1989195
Author(s):  
Jemal Abdela
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Albino Mice

Traditionally people used Dodonaea viscosa for the treatment of various ailments, including diarrhea. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice models. Different doses of 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were evaluated for their antidiarrheal activities using castor oil–induced diarrhea, gastrointestinal transit, and enteropooling models in Swiss albino mice. At all test doses, the plant extract showed significant ( P < .05) inhibition in the frequency of defecation of wet feces and total fecal output as compared to the control group. Similarly, at all dose ranges used the plant extract demonstrated significant ( P < .05) reduction in an intraluminal fluid accumulation as compared to the untreated group. Besides, at higher doses, the plant extract also indicated significant ( P < .05) antimotility activity in comparison with the control. In conclusion, these findings illustrated that the 80% methanolic leaf extract of D viscosa supported the traditional claim of antidiarrheal activity of the plant though further investigations are warranted.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dessie Zayede ◽  
Tafere Mulaw ◽  
Wubayehu Kahaliw
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Plant Extraction ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Introduction. Diarrheal diseases are associated with an estimated 1.3 million deaths annually, with most occurring in resource-limited countries; up to 25% of deaths in young children living in Africa and southeast Asia are attributable to acute gastroenteritis. Due to limitations associated with various treatments available, the need for developing newer drugs is imperative. Objective. This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of root extract and fractions of C. abyssinica Jaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in mice. Methods. After plant extraction and subsequent fractionation of the crude extract, the antidiarrheal activity was screened in castor oil induced diarrhea, castor oil induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility test models accordingly. Result. The root extract of C. abyssinica produced neither visible signs of toxicity nor death at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg, suggesting the LD50 > 2000 mg/kg. In the castor oil induced diarrheal model, the highest dose of the extract (400 mg/kg) showed a maximal inhibition in the onset (158.00 ± 14.64, p<0.01, in minutes) of wet feces as compared to the negative control. In the enteropooling model, 400 mg/kg treated mice showed a significant reduction in volume (0.47 ± 0.02 ml, p<0.01) and weight (0.50 ± 0.02 g, p<0.05) of intestinal content as compared to the vehicle treated group. In the gastrointestinal motility test, the hydromethanolic root extract of C. abyssinica significantly inhibited the intestinal transit of charcoal meal at 400 mg/kg. In addition, chloroform and n-butanol fractions significantly reduced the distance moved by charcoal at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, whereas aqueous fraction showed a significant effect at all test doses. The highest antidiarrheal index was observed at the maximal dose of extract and each fraction. Conclusion. The results obtained showed that the findings provide scientific support for the folkloric repute of C. abyssinica roots as treatment of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal activity of fractions from aqueous extract of Detarium senegalense

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Saka Sanni ◽  
Hajja Gana Hamza ◽  
Patrick Azubuike Onyeyili
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fractions of the aqueous crude extract of Detarium senegalense stem bark on castor oil-induced diarrhea. Castor oilinduced diarrhea, gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling methods were used to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of the fractions. Castor oil was used to induce diarrhea and the effect of all the fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and residual aqueous) were evaluated at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The results show that all fractions significantly (p<0.05) decreased the frequency of defecation in rats following the induction of diarrhea with castor oil. Ethyl acetate which produced the highest antidiarrheal activity was further subjected to gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling tests. In the gastrointestinal motility, two test doses of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to two groups of rats (n=5), while the third group of rats (control), were treated with normal saline, and the fourth group were treated with diphenoxylate, a conventional anti-diarrheal drug. In the castor oil-induced enteropooling experiment, normal saline was used for the control animals, while 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract was administered to groups two and three, respectively and atropine, a standard drug, was administered to rats in group four. The ethyl acetate fraction significantly (p<0.05) decreased the gastro-intestinal motility, as shown by the extent of movement of the charcoal meal in the treated rats. It also significantly inhibited the fluid accumulation within the intestine. These findings suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction possess antidiarrheal effect, which may be due to the presence of some phytochemical constituents (alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins) in the plant, which may either be working alone or in combination with each other. This study has demonstrated that D. senegalense fractions, especially the ethyl acetate fraction, possess antidiarrheal activity thus supporting the use of the plant in the treatment of diarrheal diseases.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Four Different Species of Litsea Available in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan Bulbul ◽  
Md. Ekhtiar Uddin ◽  
Nusratun Nahar ◽  
Md. Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Mohammad Rashedul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of the present study includes the evaluation of the antidiarrheal properties of the methanol extracts of Litsea deccanensis Gamble (MELD) bark, Litsealancifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. MELL),Litseaglutinosa Gamble (MELG) and Litsea monopetala Roxb. (MELM) leavesin Swiss albino mice. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated by measuring percentage inhibition of diarrheal feces, total fecal output, gastrointestinal motility and by using peristaltic indices. Castor oil was used to induce diarrhea in the experimental animal. The experiments were carried out by using three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of these four plant extracts. The number of wet feces and total weight of the feces were significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently reduced by all the plant extracts and this effect was comparable with standard drug. MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg body weight demonstrated diarrheal inhibition by 43.55%, 45.16%, 32.26% and 41.94%, respectively while it was 98.39% for the standard loperamide. Percentage (%) of fecal output for MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts at the dose of 400 mg/kg were 40.14%, 62.27%, 64.06%, 46.26%, respectively.The gastrointestinal motility induced by castor oil was also reduced noticeably (p < 0.05) by all the plant extracts with the increasing doses. The percentage inhibition of gastrointestinal motility at the dose of 400 mg/kg were 26.26%, 33.22%, 32.36% and 22.52% for the MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts respectively, while it was 27.56% for loperamide. In most cases, all the plant extracts can reduce the peristaltic indices which were comparable to control. The obtained results from this study revealed that the methanol extracts of four different species of Litsea found in Bangladesh may have antidiarrheal potential. It also provides the basis for the traditional use of these plants to treat diarrhea.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

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