scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Toxication Caused by Carbamazepine Abuse in Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yu-Lin Chen ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Li-Jie Wang ◽  
Jiu-Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
First Time ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

Carbamazepine is known to produce the side effect of euphoria. As such, it lends itself to being a drug of abuse, particularly in the adolescent population. This retrospective study evaluated carbamazepine abuse, treatment course, and associated morbidity in Chinese adolescents. The median dose of carbamazepine resulting in overdose was 2,000 mg (800–5,000). Patients were largely from urban-rural fringe areas (76.47%, 52.94%) with school performance within the last 1/3 range and (52.94%) unsupervised by parents. 35.29% experienced an obvious sense of euphoria. All patients had nervous system symptoms, 6 (35.29%) cases developed coma (GCS < 8), and 5 (29.41%) cases experienced convulsion. Four cases were treated with hemodialysis. The incidence rate in young patients with repeat carbamazepine use and without the supervision of parents was higher than that in first-time users (5/7 versus 4/10), but the difference was not significant. The toxic dose of repeat users was 3428 ± 1035 mg, significantly higher than that of 1470 ± 646 mg in first-time users (P=0.001). Carbamazepine can produce a sense of euphoria, which is more likely to lead to its abuse and overdose in adolescents. To prevent carbamazepine abuse and overdose will be critical in educating at-risk adolescents and preventing associated morbidities in the future.

Strategies for Oral Delivery of Metal-Saturated Lactoferrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski ◽  
Klaudyna Śpiewak-Wojtyła ◽  
Maria Oszajca ◽  
Małgorzata Brindell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Lactoferrin was isolated and purified for the first time over 50-years ago. Since then, extensive studies on the structure and function of this protein have been performed and the research is still being continued. In this mini-review we focus on presenting recent scientific efforts towards the elucidation of the role and therapeutic potential of lactoferrin saturated with iron(III) or manganese(III) ions. The difference in biological activity of metal-saturated lactoferrin vs. the unmetalated one is emphasized. The strategies for oral delivery of lactoferrin, are also reviewed, with particular attention to the metalated protein.

Nokhri, Ger, and the Art of Separation in the Hebrew Bible

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Ophir ◽  
Ishay Rosen-Zvi
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Biblical Literature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

This chapter traces the developments of various terms denoting “others” in biblical literature. In much of the biblical corpus, Israel is still one goy among many, and the difference between it and its Others is neither binary nor stable. After a brief analysis of the dynamics of familial and ethnwic separations in Genesis and Exodus, this chapter concentrates on the priestly and Deuteronomistic modes of separating peoples, examines the novelty and limitedness of the Deuteronomistic legislation, where the nokhri (stranger) is systematically contrasted for the first time with the Israelite (referred to as “your brother”), and follows the various modes of separations and their rationales.

Species diversity and abundance of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in five ecosystems of Penang, West Malaysia

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Keng-Hong ◽  
Lee Soo-Lam
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Dacus Dorsalis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vegetable Farm ◽  
First Time

AbstractDacus dorsalis Hend. infested eleven, D. cucurbitae Coq. five and D. umbrosus F. two of the eighteen common fruits and vegetables grown in Penang, West Malaysia. D. tau (Wlk.) infested bacang (Mangifera foetida), D. caudatus F. chilli (Capsicum annuum) and D. frauenfeldi Schin. water guava (Eugenia javanica), together with D. dorsalis. Pomelo (Citrus grandis) was found infested for the first time by D. cucurbitae. No flies were trapped using Capilure and trimedlure as baits. Cue-lure attracted D. caudatus, D. cucurbitae, D. frauenfeldi, D. occipitalis (Bez.) and D. tau. Methyl eugenol attracted D. dorsalis and D. umbrosus. Dorsalure was less attractive to D. caudatus and D. dorsalis than cue-lure and methyl eugenol, respectively, but it was equally attractive to D. frauenfeldi as cue-lure. Using traps baited with cue-lure or methyl eugenol in five ecosystems, the highest numbers of males of D. dorsalis, D. umbrosus, D. frauenfeldi and D. caudatus trapped were from a village, on a vegetable farm for D. cucurbitae, and D. occipitalis was only caught in a forest. Analysis showed that for each species of Dacus the difference between ecosystems was highly significant. The few examples caught in grassland were probably migrants.

Dose-window dependence on Si crystal orientation in separation by implanted oxygen substrate formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3607-3613 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Iikawa ◽  
M. Nakao ◽  
K. Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Separation by implemented oxygen (SIMOX)(111) substrates have been formed by oxygen-ion (16O+) implantation into Si(111), showing that a so-called “dose-window” at 16O+-implantation into Si differs from Si(100) to Si(111). In SIMOX(100), an oxygen dose of 4 × 1017/cm2 into Si(100) is widely recognized as the dose-window when the acceleration energy is 180 keV. For the first time, our work shows that an oxygen dose of 5 × 1017/cm2 into Si(111) is the dose-window for the formation of SIMOX(111) substrates when the acceleration energy is 180 keV. The difference between dose-windows is caused by anisotropy of the crystal orientation during growth of the faceted buried SiO2. We also numerically analyzed the data at different oxidation velocities for each facet of the polyhedral SiO2 islands. Numerical analysis results show good agreement with the experimental data.

45° REFLECTOMETRY OF SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (17n19) ◽  
pp. 683-687
Author(s):  
A. SILVA-CASTILLO ◽  
F. PEREZ-RODRIGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Well ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
New Information ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
Exciton Polaritons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

We have applied the 45° reflectometry for the first time to study exciton-polaritons in quantum wells. The 45° reflectometry is a new polarization-modulation technique, which is based on the measurement of the difference [Formula: see text] between the p-polarization reflectivity (Rp) and the squared s-polarization reflectivity [Formula: see text] at an angle of incidence of 45°. We show that [Formula: see text] spectra may provide qualitatively new information on the exciton-polariton modes in a quantum well. These optical spectra turn out to be very sensitive to the zeros of the dielectric function along the quantum-well growth direction and, therefore, allow to identify the resonances associated with the Z exciton-polariton mode. We demonstrate that 45° reflectometry could be a powerful tool for studying Z exciton-polariton modes in near-surface quantum wells, which are difficult to observe in simple spectra of reflectivity Rp

scholarly journals Efficacy of BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Patients with BRAF-Mutant Advanced Melanoma and Germline CDKN2A Pathogenic Variants

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2440
Author(s):  
Francesco Spagnolo ◽  
Bruna Dalmasso ◽  
Enrica Tanda ◽  
Miriam Potrony ◽  
Susana Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

Inherited pathogenic variants (PVs) in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene are among the strongest risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Dysregulation of the p16/RB1 pathway may intrinsically limit the activity of MAPK-directed therapy due to the interplay between the two pathways. In our study, we assessed, for the first time, whether patients with germline CDKN2A PVs achieve suboptimal results with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi)+/−MEK inhibitors (MEKi). We compared the response rate of nineteen CDKN2A PVs carriers who received first-line treatment with BRAFi+/−MEKi with an expected rate derived from phase III trials and “real-world” studies. We observed partial response in 16/19 patients (84%), and no complete responses. The overall response rate was higher than that expected from phase III trials (66%), although not statistically significant (p-value = 0.143; 95% CI = 0.60–0.97); the difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.019; 95% CI = 0.62–0.97) in the comparison with real-world studies (57%). The clinical activity of BRAFi+/−MEKi in patients with germline CDKN2A PV was not inferior to that of clinical trials and real-world studies, which is of primary importance for clinical management and genetic counseling of this subgroup of patients.

Memoirs: On a New Genus of Synascidians from Japan

1892 ◽  
Vol s2-33 (130) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
ASAJIRO OKA ◽  
ARTHUR WILLEY
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bladder Cells ◽  
First Time

Sarcodidemnoides misakiense, Oka and Willey. Generic Characters.--Colony (or cormus) forming very thick lobose masses, laterally compressed; sessile, but not encrusting. Excurrent orifices placed on the tips of the knoll-like prominences. Ascidiozooids very numerous, not arranged in systems; branchial sac with four rows of stigmata; canal system complicated, differentiated into peripheral and central portions. Specific Characters.--Atrial apertures of Ascidiozooids simple pores without teeth or languet; spicules fairly abundant, extremely delicate, confined to a thin layer near surface of test. Test gelatinous, containing numerous bladder-cells, crystals, fusiform cells, and pigment concretions. Stomach of Ascidiozooids vertically placed; surface of attachment of colony narrower than the free portion. Colour, brilliant red. Habitat.--Moroiso, Japan, between the tide-marks. N.B.--Since the above was written I have seen for the first time the exhaustive work of Fernand Lahille, entitled ‘Recherches sur les Tuniciers des côtes de France,' Toulouse, 1890. Lahille devotes considerable attention to what have been spoken of above as tentacle-like processes of the larva, figures them in many larvæ, and gives an excellent figure of the metamorphosing larva of Styela glomerata. He gives an opinion as to their significance which I cannot entirely endorse in the light of my own researches on the "Postembryonic development of Styela," commenced last August at Plymouth. However, I hope to return to this question on a future occasion. Lahille raises an objection to von Drasche's genus Didemnoides on the ground that the thickness of the cormus is not an anatomical character, and that the distinction between thick and thin colonies is a purely subjective one. There is no doubt some truth in this; but the difference between a compound Ascidian which possesses, say, a very few spicules, and one which possesses none at all, would appear to be no more fundamental than that between a colony whose mode of growth resulted in the production of a fleshy mass and one which grew in the form of a thin leathery crust. As stated above, von Drasche intends by Didemnoides a fleshy form of Leptoclinum, the test containing spicules, and the Ascidiozooids having four rows of stigmata in the branchial sac. Lahille, on the contrary,applies the name Didemnoides to those Didemnidse which are characterised by the absence of spicules, and the possession of three rows of stigmata in the branchial sac. The compound Ascidian which we have described above has spicules in the test, and four rows of stigmata in the branchial sac. But as it would be too absurd to call the new form "Sarcoleptoclinum," we shall persist in regarding the genus Didemnoides from the point of view of von Drasche.--A. W.

scholarly journals Locating the difference: A comparison of pedagogic strategies in high and low performing schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Kaylianne Rialda Aploon-Zokufa
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Low Performing Schools ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Research Studies

A number of research studies have suggested that specific pedagogic strategies can have a positive impact on learning, and in turn, have a positive impact on school performance, in particular for children being schooled in disadvantaged contexts. This analysis describes and measures how four of these pedagogic strategies identified in research – the pacing of a lesson, the sequence and coherence of a lesson, cognitive demand and the nature of feedback within a lesson – are displayed in higher and lower performing schools located in lower-income communities in the Western Cape. The analysis forms part of a broader research project, SPADE (Schools Performing Above Demographic Expectation), and is based on fifteen video-recorded Grade 3 numeracy lessons. The analysis suggests a relationship between specific pedagogic strategies and higher performance for individual learners and for schools. The analysis also identifies further effective pedagogic strategies in higher performing schools in lower-income communities.

scholarly journals Decomposing Urban-rural Differences in Multimorbidity Among Older Adults in India: A Study Based on Lasi Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Ratna Patel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Ageing Study ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background: Multimorbidity is defined as the co-occurrence of two or more than two diseases in the same person. With rising longevity, multimorbidity has become a prominent concern among the older population. Evidence from both developed and developing countries shows that older people are at much higher risk of multimorbidity, however, urban-rural differential remained scarce. Therefore, this study examines urban-rural differential in multimorbidity among older adults by decomposing the risk factors of multimorbidity and identifying the covariates that contributed to the change in multimorbidity.Methods: The study utilized information from 31,464 older adults (rural-20,725 and urban-10,739) aged 60 years and above from the recent release of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 data. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate decomposition analysis techniques were used.Results: Overall, significant urban-rural differences were found in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults (difference: 16.3; p<0.001). Moreover, obese/overweight and high-risk waist circumference were found to narrow the difference in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults between urban and rural areas by 8% and 9.1%, respectively.Conclusion: There is a need to substantially increase the public sector investment in healthcare to address the multimorbidity among older adults, more so in urban areas, without compromising the needs of older adults in rural areas.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Primary Care Medicine in Mureș County, Between 2006 and 2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Valeria Ács ◽  
Hajnal Finta ◽  
Edith Simona Ianosi ◽  
Monica Sabău
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Suspected Tuberculosis ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Primary Care Medicine

Abstract Aim: Evaluation of the contribution of general practitioners to the early diagnosis of tuberculosis in the studied period. Analysis of cases not diagnosed as active TB, from those suspected by the general practitioner and the real cases with respiratory lesions. Material and methods: We conducted an observational epidemiologic study aiming at evaluating the diagnosis of pulmonary TB at the level of primary care medicine. Results: The difference between conformed TB patients that have been referred with the suspicion of TB and those without suspicion is significant (p <0.0001), and the risk of disease estimated by OR was 21.54. More than half of the patients (139), had positive microscopic examination and culturing, representing 62.61%. In 10.36% microscopic examination was positive and culturing was negative (13 patients). Negative microscopic examination and positive culturing were detected in 5.86% of the patients. The majority of suspected/confirmed new patients were living in urban environments. The urban/rural ratio was 1.27. The reasons why the general practitioner suspected tuberculosis, in the order of frequency, were the following: cough/dry cough, sweating/nocturnal sweating, fever/persisting fever. Among the TB types, we noted the large percentage of patients with infiltrating, nodular tuberculosis confined to the volume of one pulmonary segment (30.78%), and 19.87% of the cases were multicavity tuberculosis; also, we noted the presence of caseous tuberculosis with moderate volumes of infiltrates, confined to a pulmonary lobe (18.27%). Conclusion: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis in the primary healthcare network is a continuous challenge for the general practitioner.

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