scholarly journals Fluid Geochemistry of Fault Zone Hydrothermal System in the Yidun-Litang Area, Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geothermal Belt

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Hou ◽  
Zheming Shi ◽  
Wenqing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Type Water

The geochemical and geothermal characteristics of hydrothermal systems in an area are useful information to appropriately evaluate the geothermal potential. In this paper, we investigated the chemical and isotopic composition of thermal water in an underexploited geothermal belt, Yidun-Litang area, in eastern Tibetan Plateau. 24 hot spring samples from the Yidun and Litang area were collected and analyzed. The water chemical types of the hot springs are mainly Na-HCO3-type water. Water-rock interaction and cation exchange and mixture are the dominant hydrogeochemical processes in the hydrothermal evolution. The significant shift of D and 18O isotopes from the GMWL indicates that these springs have undergone subsurface boiling before rising to the surface. Different ratios of Cl to other conservation species can be found for the springs in Litang and Yidun areas, suggesting the different heat sources of the two hydrothermal systems. The reservoir temperature in the Yidun area is around 230°C while the reservoir temperature in the Litang area is around 200°C. Both hydrothermal systems are recharged by the meteoric water and are heated by the different deep, thermally and topographically driven convection heat along faults and undergoing subsurface boiling before going back to the surface.

scholarly journals Isotope and Geochemistry Characterization of Hot Springs and Cold Springs of Sembalun – Rinjani Area, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara – Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Satrio Satrio ◽  
Rasi Prasetio ◽  
Boy Yoseph Cahya Sunan Sakti Syah Alam ◽  
Teuku Yan Waliyana Muda Iskandarsyah ◽  
Faizal Muhammadsyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Subsurface Temperature ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Reservoir Fluid ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Type Water

The presence of several hot springs in Sembalun – Rinjani, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara is an indicator of geothermal potential in the area. This study aims to determine the characteristics of hot springs and cold springs and also the geothermal potential in Sembalun – Rinjani area using isotopes and geochemistry methods. The result of d18O and d2H stable isotopes analysis shows that most of the hot springs are meteoric water. Except for Kalak hot spring, other hot springs are a mixing product of meteoric water and andesitic water, with meteoric water composition between 64 to 87%. While 14C radioisotope suggests that the age of hot springs in the Sembalun area is about 10,000–12,000 years BP, the surrounding cold springs are mostly Modern except Jorong cold spring. The results of gas analysis (He, Ar, and Ne) also suggest the same origin of geothermal fluid, i.e., meteoric water origin. Based on chemical composition, Kalak hot spring is plotted as sulfate type water, while Sebau hot spring is plotted near mature water composition but not representing reservoir fluid due to its relatively low temperature and high Mg content. Na/K geothermometer calculation from Sembalun area shows that subsurface temperature is varied between 111-161 °C, while from Rinjani hot springs indicates higher subsurface temperature, i.e., 250-260 °C. It is estimated that reservoir fluid has high TDS with chloride content up to 4000 mg/L.

scholarly journals Short-Term Seismic Precursor Anomalies of Hydrogen Concentration in Luojishan Hot Spring Bubbling Gas, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Zhou ◽  
Yucong Yan ◽  
Wenya Fang ◽  
Wanli Wang ◽  
Hongyu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seismic Precursor

The gas compositions (He, H2, CO2, CH4, Ar and N2) and isotope ratios (3He/4He and δ13C) were yearly investigated from April 2010 to April 2019 at the Luojishan spring located in the proximity of the Zemuhe Fault, eastern Tibetan Plateau. The continuous automatic monitoring of hydrogen concentrations in Luojishan hot spring bubbling gas for the purpose of earthquake prediction requires the discrimination of seismic precursor anomalies. Helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) in the bubbling gas of hot springs varied from 0.05 to 0.18 Ra (Ra = 3He/4He = 1.39 × 10−6 in the air), with a maximum mantle-derived He up to 2.2% of the total He measured in the Luojishan hot spring (assuming R/Ra = 8.0 for mantle). This suggests that Zemuhe Fault might act as a conduit for crustal-derived fluid. N2 concentrations in the majority of the hot spring was ≥80 vol%, and δ13CCO2 values varied from −13.2 to −9.3‰ (vs.PDB). Hydrogen concentration time series display a complex temporal pattern reflecting a wide range of different physical processes. There were short-term (5–60 h) seismic precursor anomalies of hydrogen concentration before natural earthquake. The anthropogenically-induced earthquakes provoke only post-earthquake responses. The concentration of hydrogen in bubbling gas of the Luojishan hot spring is sensitive to increase of stress in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. Monitoring the hydrogen concentrations with automatic gas stations may be promising tool for unraveling earthquake mechanisms and for predicting earthquakes.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Hot Springs in Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geothermal Belt, Western China: Insight from Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheming Shi ◽  
Fu Liao ◽  
Guangcai Wang ◽  
Qingyu Xu ◽  
Wenqing Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Western China ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Hydrochemical Evolution ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geological Origin

The eastern Tibetan Plateau geothermal belt is one of the important medium-high temperature geothermal belts in China. However, less work has been done on the hydrochemical characteristic and its geological origin. Understanding the chemical characteristics and the hydrochemical evolution processes is important in evaluating the geothermal energy potential in this area. In the present study, we discussed the hydrochemical properties and their origins of 39 hot springs located in the eastern Tibetan Plateau geothermal belt (Kangding-Litang-Batang geothermal belt). Cluster analysis and factor analysis are employed to character the hydrochemical properties of hot springs in different fault zones and the possible hydrochemical evolution processes of these hot springs. Our study shows that the hot springs can be divided into three groups based on their locations. The hot springs in the first group mainly originate from the volcanic rock and the springs in the second group originate from the metamorphic rock while the springs in the third group originate from the result of mixture of shallow water. Water-rock interaction, cation exchange, and the water environment are the three dominant factors that control the hydrochemical evolution process in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. These results are also in well agreement with the isotopic and chemical analysis.

scholarly journals Origin of the low-medium temperature hot springs around Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 820-834
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Zhifang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Karst Landform ◽  
Karst Landforms ◽  
Development And Management

Abstract The exploration of the origin of hot spring is the basis of its development and utilization. There are many low-medium temperature hot springs in Nanjing and its surrounding karst landform areas, such as the Tangshan, Tangquan, Lunshan, and Xiangquan hot springs. This article discusses the origin characters of the Lunshan hot spring with geological condition analysis, hydrogeochemical data, and isotope data. The results show that the hot water is SO4–Ca type in Lunshan area, and the cation content of SO4 is high, which are related to the deep hydrogeological conditions of the circulation in the limestone. Carbonate and anhydrite dissolutions occur in the groundwater circulation process, and they also dominate the water–rock interaction processes in the geothermal reservoir of Lunshan. The hot water rising channels are deeply affected by the NW and SN faults. Schematic diagrams of the conceptual model of the geothermal water circulation in Lunshan are plotted. The origin of Tangshan, Tangquan, and Xiangquan hot springs are similar to the Lunshan hot spring. In general, the geothermal water in karst landforms around Nanjing mainly runs through the carbonate rock area and is exposed near the core of the anticlinal structure of karst strata, forming SO4–Ca/SO4–Ca–Mg type hot spring with the water temperature less than 60°C. The characters of the hot springs around Nanjing are similar, which are helpful for the further research, development, and management of the geothermal water resources in this region.

scholarly journals Study of geothermometers and chemical composition of hot springs in Zavkhan province

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Bolormaa Ch ◽  
Oyuntsetseg D ◽  
Bolormaa O
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

In this study, we collected hot spring water sample from Otgontenger, Tsetsuukh, Zart, Ulaan Khaalga and Khojuul in Zavkhan province. The purpose of this study is to determine the temperature of geothermal water and its depth which based on the hydrochemical component. Hot spring water analyses showed that temperature ranges between 33.4 to 45.5°C, pH ranges 8.40 to 9.56, and the total dissolved solid amount was 170 to 473 mg/L. From the result of hydrochemical analyses, hot spring samples were included in SO4-Na and HCO3-Na type. In comparison to other hot spring samples, Tsetsuukh hot spring has shown negative oxidation reduction potential, -0.8 mV and dissolved hydrogen, 0.22 mg/L. Therefore, it has a higher ability for medical treatment than other hot spring water due to its reduction state. The reservoir temperature of these hot springs is calculated by several geothermometer methods, and temperatures ranged between 102оC to 149оC. According to this result, it assumed that geothermal water with low temperature which has the ability to use for room heating and producing energy by the binary system. Thus, we determined that reservoir depth is 1.3 to 3.7 km using annual average surface and reservoir temperature, and regional geothermal gradient. Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын химийн найрлага, геотермометрийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Завхан аймгийн нутагт орших Отгонтэнгэр, Зарт, Цэцүүх, Улаан хаалга, Хожуулын халуун рашаануудын гидрохимийн найрлагыг нарийвчлан тогтоосоны үндсэн дээр тухайн рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон гүнийг тогтоох зорилго тавин ажиллаа. Завхан аймгийн рашаанууд нь халуун 33.4-45.5°C температуртай, шүлтлэг орчинтой (pH 8.4-9.56), 170-473 мг/л хүртэл эрдэсжилттэй, HCO3-Na болон SO4-Na-ийн төрлийн халуун рашааны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Эдгээр рашаануудаас Цэцүүхийн халуун рашааны исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал нь -0.8 мВ, ууссан устөрөгчийн агуулга 0.22 мг/л илэрсэн нь судалгаанд хамрагдсан бусад рашаануудтай харьцуулахад ангижрах төлөвт оршиж байгаа бөгөөд илүү эмчилгээний идэвхтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан халуун рашаануудын гүний температурыг химийн найрлагаас нь хамааруулан хэд хэдэн геотермометрийг ашиглан тооцоход дунджаар 102-149oС байсан ба энэ нь бага температуртай усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байгаа учир тухайн халуун усны нөөцийг өрөө тасалгаа халаах болон бинари системийг ашиглан цахилгаан гаргаж авах боломжтой байна. Мөн Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны нөөц нь газрын гадаргаас доош 1.3-3.7 км-ийн гүнд байрладаг болохыг орд дээрх температур, газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон бүс нутгийн геотермал градиентад үндэслэн тооцоолон тодорхойллоо. Түлхүүр үг: Гидрохими, халуун рашаан, геотермометр, гүний температур.

scholarly journals Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Almirudis ◽  
Edgar R. Santoyo-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirna Guevara ◽  
Francisco Paz-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
The Mean

A promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal system located in Sonora (Mexico) has been studied. In the present work, a detailed geochemical survey was carried out to understand the hydrogeochemical signatures of hot spring waters. A field work campaign was conducted for collecting water samples from twelve hot springs placed in four major zones (NW, NE, C, and S). The collected samples were analysed by chemical and isotopic methods for determining their chemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (18O/16O and D/H) compositions. Using geochemometric analyses of the fluid composition and fractionation, depletion and enrichment processes exhibited by major and trace elements were analysed. Hydrogeochemical classification was used to indicate the presence of sodium-sulphate (Na-SO4) waters in the North (NW and NE) and South hydrothermal zones; whereas calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) waters were identified for the Central zone. Some hot spring waters located in the NE zone were also typified as sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3). In relation to the isotopic signatures of 18O/16O and D/H, four water samples from NE and C zones lie near to the global meteoric water line; whereas the remaining eight samples showed a shift for both oxygen and deuterium isotopes. A mixing line with a small shift of δ18O was identified and used as a proxy to discriminate waters with different isotopic signatures. After applying a geochemometric outliers detection/rejection and an iterative ANOVA statistical test, the mean temperature inferred from the most reliable solute geothermometers was 149±40 °C, which suggests to be considered as the minimum value of the reservoir temperature. As most of the hot spring waters fall outside of the full equilibrium curve, the original reservoir conditions were corrected by using a mixing conductive model, which predicted a deep equilibrium temperature of 210±11 °C. As this temperature is considerably higher than the mean temperature inferred from the geothermometers, it was suggested as an optimistic maximum reservoir temperature of the Sonora geothermal system. Using 150 °C and 200 °C as rounded-off reservoir temperatures (or min-max estimates), geochemical equilibria modelling based on fluid-mineral stability diagrams was carried out. An equilibrium process among local hydrothermal waters and albite-potassium feldespar and muscovite-prehnite-laumontite mineral assemblages was found. These minerals were proposed as representative mineral assemblages of low-grade metamorphism, which seems to indicate that the geothermal fluid equilibria were probably reached within the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks from the Tarahumara Formation.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PERSAMAAN GEOTERMOMETER (SiO2)p DI LAPANGAN PANAS BUMI SULI, AMBON

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Helda Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
High Chloride Concentration ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
High Chloride

Suli hot springs area has a low level of acidity or neutral pH ranges (7,2–7,7). It is also supported by a high chloride concentration value, which ranges (208,87-226,27) ppm. Thisshows that the area on station 1, 2, 3, and 4 are located in areas with water flow into the upper reservoir (upflow) and belongs to hot water domination reservoir tipe (water heatedreservoir). Reservoir temperature is calculated by the formula geotermometer (SiO2)p considered whether applied in the four kinds geotermometer equation because it gives the calculation results are not much different temperature and has a value of rms-error is less than 2%. Reservoir temperature at a hot springs station Suli possible temperature (161 ± 0,9)oC. Reservoir temperature at station 2 hot spring Suli possible hot water temperature (172 ± 1,0)oC. Reservoir temperature at station 3 hot springs Suli possible temperature (171 ±0,9)oC. Reservoir temperature at station 4 hot springs Suli possible temperature (169 ± 1,0)oC.

scholarly journals Geothermal Potential Based on Physical Characteristics of the Region (Case Study: Mount Karang, Pandeglang Regency and Banten Province)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Fhillipo Russel ◽  
Astrid Damayanti ◽  
Tjiong Giok Pin
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Potential Region ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Normal Potential

This research is about geothermal potential of Mount Karang, Banten Province which is based on the characteristics of the region. This research method used is geochemistry sample of hot springs and integrated with GIS method for spatial of geothermal potential. Based on the geothermal potential, Mount Karang is divided into three regions, ie high potential, normal potential, and low potential. The high geothermal potential region covers an area of 24.16 Km2and which there are Cisolong and Banjar 2 hot springs. The normal potential covers Kawah hot spring. Index of the fault of Mount Karang region is one of the significant physical characteristics to determine geothermal potential.

scholarly journals Factors Controlling of Thermal Water Hydrogeochemical Characteristics in Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2473
Author(s):  
Hung-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
Hsin-Fu Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Composition

The Tatun geothermal system is located in Northern Taiwan and is hosted by the Tatun volcano group (TVG). The variation in the geochemical composition of thermal waters is considered to be an important indicator of volcanic activity. In this study, we analyzed the chemical and isotopic compositions of hot springs in the TVG. A chemical and multicomponent geothermometer was used to estimate the reservoir temperature, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to determine the source of the thermal water. The presence of thick andesite and fractures allowed the formation of different type of springs in the center close each other with lower temperatures and acidic springs with higher temperatures at the northeast and southwest sides of the Tatun geothermal field. The saturation index showed that the concentration of SiO2 in the thermal water was controlled by quartz. The multicomponent geothermometer indicated a reservoir temperature between 130 °C and 190 °C, and the geothermal water in Longfengku, Lengshniken, Matsao and Szehuangping may have mixed with shallow groundwater. Isotope data indicated that the stream water and groundwater originated from meteoric water, and the spring water showed a significant oxygen shift, due to water–rock interaction and evaporation. The isotopes of the fluid in the TVG are also affected by the seasonal monsoon. These results can serve as a reference for designing a conceptual model of the spring in the Tatun geothermal system.

scholarly journals Physical-Chemical Characterization and Mineralogic Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems Located in the Coconuco and the San Juan Sectors in Cauca, Colombia

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Darwin Augusto Torres-Ceron ◽  
Carlos Daniel Acosta-Medina ◽  
Elisabeth Restrepo-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Applications

Hot springs of the volcanic zones are characterized for having high sulfur content in the form of sulphate and other ions resulting from chemical reactions. Sources with these types of elements are of great interest for the tourism and geothermal industry because of their highlighted properties which include therapeutic treatments, relaxation baths, agricultural applications, and preservation of flora and fauna among others. For these reasons, research oriented to carry out the characterization of these factors is of great importance to determine the availability of places with such characteristics. This work shows the characterization of 17 hot spring sources located in the Coconuco and San Juan sectors (Cauca, Colombia, South America). Water samples were taken in May 2017, and laboratory analyses were carried out by the Water Laboratory at Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Manizales, based on the Standard Methods (APHA-AWWA-WEF). Rock samples were taken in November 2017, and laboratory analyses were carried out by the GMAS+ Laboratory (Bogotá, Colombia). The Piper, Stiff, and ternary (Giggenbach) diagrams were used for the classification of major ions. Mineralogy composition was determined through XRD and XRF. Results indicate that most sources are of the sulphated type according to the anions and of the calcium type according to the cations. In concordance with Giggenbach diagrams, most of the sources are immature waters and, despite their interaction with rocks, they have not achieved the equilibrium. Likewise, these sources are of heated vapor type and, considering that they consist of sulphated acid sources, it is not possible to evaluate the reservoir temperatures from Na/K cations. The low Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio in the sources indicates the lack of direct migration of fluids and the high content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ regarding Na+ and K+, which suggests that fluids possibly are mixed with cold waters rich in Ca2+ and Mg2+. From the mineralogic characterization, it was observed that volcanic rocks are composed of cristobalite and albite with TiO2, Fe2O3, and CaO traces and mineral sulfur. Metals like Cr, considered in this case as contaminants, are found in low concentrations in rocks and are not detected in these waters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document