scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Standard Precaution against Blood Borne Pathogens among Doctors and Nurses at Adult Emergency Room in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanis Asmr ◽  
Lemlem Beza ◽  
Hywot Engida ◽  
Tariku Bekelcho ◽  
Netsanet Tsegaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Practice Level ◽  
Standard Precaution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Background. Standard precautions are infection control techniques against pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. Objective. This study aims to assess knowledge and practice of standard precautions against blood borne pathogens among doctors and nurses in adult emergency room, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from February to March 2018. A total of 128 study participants selected from four public hospitals were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using standardized pretested questionnaire and thencoded, entered, checked for completeness, and analyzed using SPSS version-23 statisticalsoftware. Chi-square test was used to measure the association between variables. P values <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result. The mean knowledge score of standard precaution measures was 10.3 out of 14 knowledge items. Out of 32 doctors, 93.8% (n=30) have good knowledge and out of 91 nurses, 86.8% (n=79) have good knowledge. The mean practice level of the study subjects was 8.5 out of 12 practice items. Majority (73.6%) of nurses have good practice level than doctors (21.8%). Knowledge level was significantly associated with the presence of infection control officer, infection control guideline, and washing hands before touching patients. Profession, training, and the presence of infection control guideline in emergency room were significantly associated with practice level of respondents (P<0.05). Conclusion. Both nurses and doctors have good knowledge of standard precaution measures. However, nurses have better practice level than doctors. Orientation during employment and continuous training programs should be provided for the newly employed health workers. In addition sustainable supply systems should be available in each hospital management.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of nurses working in gynecology emergency room towards pregnancy induced hypertension in selected government public hospitals found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolelaw Tadele ◽  
Finot Debebe ◽  
Achamyelesh Tadele ◽  
Lehulu Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: - Pregnancy induced hypertension is one of the most common causes of both maternal and neonatal morbidity. Objective: - To assess knowledge and practice of nurses working in gynecology emergency room towards Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and association of having training and work experience to their knowledge and practice in selected government public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: - Institution based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. Hospitals were selected by simple random sampling using lottery method with sample size determination of all nurses found in Gynecology emergency Room. Result: - A total of 78 study participants were included in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 25.62 years. Out of the total study participants, 54(67.9%) of them found to have adequate knowledge towards pregnancy induced hypertension. However, among the total 78 charts reviewed, 39(50%) of the charts had showed good practice towards pregnancy induced hypertension. Only training was significantly associated with knowledge towards pregnancy induced hypertension at p<0.003 but none of the variables were significantly associated with practice towards pregnancy induced hypertension.Conclusion: - Based on the findings of this study, the level of knowledge and practice was found to be low.

Prevention of Nosocomial Infection and Standard Precautions: Knowledge and Source of Information Among Healthcare Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Tavolacci ◽  
Joël Ladner ◽  
Laurent Bailly ◽  
Véronique Merle ◽  
Isabelle Pitrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Source Of Information

Objective.To evaluate the knowledge of healthcare students after four curricula on infection control and to identify sources of information.Design.Cross-sectional study.Setting.Four healthcare schools at Rouen University (Rouen, France).Participants.Medical students, nursing students, assistant radiologist students, and physiotherapist students taking public health courses.Methods.To measure students' knowledge of infection control and their sources of information, 6 multiple-choice questions were asked about 3 specific areas: standard precautions, hand hygiene, and nosocomial infection. Each questionnaire section had 10 possible points, for an overall perfect score of 30. The sources of information for these 3 areas were also recorded: self-learning, practice training in wards, formal training in wards, and teaching during the curriculum. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with acceptable level of knowledge.Results.Three hundred fifty students (107 medical students, 78 nursing students, 71 physiotherapist students, and 94 assistant radiologist students) were included in the study. The mean overall score (±SD) was 21.5 ± 2.84. Nursing students had a better mean overall score (23.2 ± 2.35) than did physiotherapist students (21.9 ± 2.36), medical students (21.1 ± 2.35), and assistant radiologist students (20.5 ± 3.04; P < .001). The mean scores (±SD) for the component sections of the questionnaire were 8.5 ±1.4 for standard precautions, 7.4 ± 1.26 for hand hygiene, and 5.7 ± 1.55 for nosocomial infections (P < .001). The main source of information was material taught during the curriculum. Results of multivariate analysis indicate that the probability of attaining acceptable knowledge in each area was smaller for medical students and assistant radiologist students than for nursing students.Conclusion.The overall score for infection control indicated that instruction was effective; however, knowledge levels were different by area (the best scores were results of tests of standard precautions) and curriculum (nursing students achieved the best overall score). Ward training for daily infection control practice (ie, bedside instructions training and course work) could be improved for healthcare students.

scholarly journals Assessment of the knowledge and practices regarding standard precaution among nursing staff at a tertiary care hospital of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1516
Author(s):  
Ritu Rochwani ◽  
Mini Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Standard Precaution

Background: Nurses as healthcare providers obliged to protect herself and patients against infections. Therefore, nurses should have knowledge and strict adherence to standard precautions. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and practices of nursing staff regarding standard precautions. Aims and objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of nursing staff regarding standard precaution and to observe the practices of nursing staff regarding standard precaution.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among staff nurses working in Bhim Rao Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, and Chhattisgarh, from January to March 2017 among 100 staff nurses. Pretested predesigned semi-structured questionnaires were used. Data collected were entered in Microsoft excel sheet. The statistical analysis was done by using epi info 7. Frequencies and percentage were presented for categorical variables.Results: The overall knowledge regarding standard precaution were excellent (>75% score) in 8% nurses. Good knowledge (50 to 75%) in 83% and average (25 to 50%) in 9%. The Practises regarding standard precautions among the nurses were good in 72%, excellent in 17% and average in 11%.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that in spite of having good knowledge regarding standard precaution among the nurses, practices were not to up to the mark. 

scholarly journals Awareness and Practice of Standard Precautions for Infection Control Among Student Nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-133
Author(s):  
Susy A. Jael ◽  
Tatyannah Alexa E. Maristela ◽  
Jemarjo Coleen R. Alano ◽  
Winston T. Wushoma ◽  
Tedd Abiel L. Jumarang
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Safe Handling ◽  
Standard Precaution ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Infection control is a critical concern in any health care setting among healthcare providers which include student nurses. The dearth of literature and studies among student nurses prompted the conduct of this study. This study sought to determine the awareness and practice of standard precaution (handwashing, safe handling of needles and other sharp devices, and disposal of contaminated materials) for infection control among student nurses. Methodology: Data were collected from 121 nursing students comprising of 2nd, 3rd and 4th years. Participants were obtained through purposive sampling, from one of the universities in the Philippines. Results: Results showed that the awareness of the respondents was very high, practice of standard precautions for infection control in terms of handwashing and proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials were excellent, with very good practice in terms of safe handling of needles and other sharp devices.  There was a statistically significant relationship between awareness and practice on standard precaution in terms of proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials, wherein those with high awareness are more likely to have a better practice.  However, there was no significant relationship between awareness and the practice of standard precautions for infection control in terms of handwashing and safe handling of needles and other sharp devices. Year level and sex did not make any significant difference in the practice of standard precaution for infection control but the year level and sex were significant predictors of practice of standard precaution for infection control in terms of safe handling of needles and other sharp devices, wherein students in higher level tend to have a better practice.  Awareness was a significant predictor of practice of standard precaution for infection control in terms of proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials, wherein the higher the awareness the better is the practice. Recommendation: Standard precaution for infection control concept and proper practice should be introduced to the students as early as their first year in the nursing program.

scholarly journals Immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device utilization and influencing factors in Addis Ababa public hospitals: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Fikadu Geda ◽  
Seid Mohammed Nejaga ◽  
Mesfin Abebe Belete ◽  
Semarya Berhe Lemlem ◽  
Addishiwet Fantahun Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUCD) utilization remains very low in Ethiopia beside high levels of unmet need for postpartum family planning even if nongovernmental organizations efforts to promote its use. This study investigates immediate PPIUCD utilization and influencing factors. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on public hospitals of Addis Ababa city. All public hospitals which have PPIUCD service were included and systematic random sampling technique was used to select 286 participants. Data were entered using Epi Data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of independent variables on immediate PPIUCD utilization. Variables which have P-value< 0.2 on bivariate analysis were candidate for multivariate analysis. Variables which have P-value ≤0.05 on multivariate analysis was considered as statistically significant. Results Utilization of immediate PPIUCD among participants who gave birth in Addis Ababa public hospitals was 26.6% (95%CI: 21.3, 31.8). Eighty one percent respondents occupation was housewife were (AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.67) less likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who have personal job. In the other hand respondents who have discuss about PPFP with their partner were 1.21times (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.14, 25.67) more likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who never discuss. Contrarily 81% of respondents who need partner approval were (AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.79) less likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who doesn’t need approval. Respondents who have been counseled about PPIUCD were 1.13 times (AOR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.10, 2.21) more likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who were not counseled. Similarly respondents who have good knowledge about PPIUCD were 7.50 times (AOR = 7.50, 95%CI: 4.06, 9.31) more likely to utilize PPIUCD compared to those who have poor knowledge. Conclusion This study verifies that immediate PPIUCD utilization is high compared to other studies. Having a housewife occupation and necessity of partner approval to utilize PPIUCD have negative influences, whereas spousal discussion about PPIUCD, counseled during pregnancy and having good knowledge have positive influences on PPIUCD utilization. Therefor empowering women by the government and other organizations working on maternal health will advance immediate PPIUCD utilization.

The fundamental role of educational intervention on improving health care workers’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control precautions

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha H. Bassyouni ◽  
Ahmed-Ashraf Wegdan ◽  
Naglaa A El-Sherbiny
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

To evaluate the role of educational intervention on health care workers' (HCWs) compliance to standard precautions and cleaning of frequently touched surfaces at critical care units, forty-nine HCWs at 2 intensive care units (ICUs) and one neonatology unit at Fayoum University hospital were evaluated for knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards standard precautions as well as obstacles affecting their compliance to standard precautions before and after a 32-hour purposed-designed infection control education program. A structured self-administrated questionnaire as well as observational checklists were used. Assessment of Environmental cleaning was investigated by observational checklist, ATP bioluminescence and aerobic bacteriological culture for 118 frequently touched surfaces. Pre-intervention assessment revealed that 78.6% of HCWs were with good knowledge, 82.8% with good attitude and 80.8% had good practice. Obstacles identified by HCWs were as follow: making patient-care very technical (65.3%), deficiency of hand washing facilities (59.2%), skin irritation resulting from hand hygiene products (51%), and unavailability of PPE (38.8%). High significant improvements of knowledge, attitude and practice were detected after one month of educational intervention (P= 0.000). During the pre-interventional period only 30.5% of surfaces were considered clean versus 97.45% post intervention (P< 0.05). The highest Median ATP bioluminescence values were obtained from telephone handset, light switches and Blood pressure cuffs. S. aureus was the most common isolated organism followed by Enterococcus spp and E.coli (52, 38 and 19 surfaces respectively). In conclusion, contentious training of HCWs on standard precautions should be considered a mandatory element in infection control programs

scholarly journals Compliance with Standard Precautions and Its Relationship with Views on Infection Control and Prevention Policy among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3420
Author(s):  
Eliza Lai-Yi Wong ◽  
Kin-Fai Ho ◽  
Dong Dong ◽  
Annie Wai-Ling Cheung ◽  
Peter Sen-Yung Yau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Infection Control And Prevention

Background: Standard precautions prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings. Incompliance with infection control guidelines of healthcare workers (HCWs) may increase their risk of exposure to infectious disease, especially under pandemics. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of compliance with the infection prevention and control practices among HCWs in different healthcare settings and its relationship with their views on workplace infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Nurses in Hong Kong were invited to respond to a cross-sectional online survey, in which their views on workplace infection and prevention policy, compliance with standard precautions and self-reported health during pandemics were collected. Results: The respondents were dissatisfied with workplace infection and prevention policy in terms of comprehensiveness (62%), clarity (64%), timeliness (63%), and transparency (60%). For the protective behavior, the respondents did not fully comply with the standard precautions when they were involved in medical care. Their compliance was relatively low when having proper patient handling (54%) and performing invasive procedures (46%). A multivariate analysis model proved that the level of compliance of the standard precautions was positively associated with the satisfaction on infection control and prevention policy among high risk group (0.020; 95% CI: 0.005–0.036), while older respondents had higher level of compliance among the inpatient and outpatient groups (coefficient range: 0.065–0.076). The higher level of compliance was also significantly associated with working in designated team and having chronic condition of the respondents among high-risk and inpatient groups. Conclusions: Standard precautions are the most important elements to reduce cross-transmission among HCWs and patients while the satisfaction on infection control and prevention policy would increase the compliance among the high-risk group. An overall suboptimal compliance and poor views on the infection prevention and control guidelines is a warning signal to healthcare system especially during pandemics.

scholarly journals Implementation of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Five Colombian Hospitals in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s273-s273
Author(s):  
Christian Pallares ◽  
María Virginia Villegas Botero
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
And Training

Background: More than 50% of antibiotics used in hospitals are unnecessary or inappropriate. The antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are coordinated efforts to promote the rational and effective use of antibiotics including appropriate selection, dosage, administration, and duration of therapy. When an ASP integrates infection control strategies, it is possible to decrease the transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Methods: In 2018, 5 Colombian hospitals were selected to implement an ASP. Private and public hospitals from different cities were included in the study, ranging from 200 to 700 beds. Our team, consisting of an infectious disease and hospital epidemiologist, visited each hospital to establish the baseline of their ASP program, to define the ASP outcomes according to each hospital’s needs, and to set goals for ASP outcomes in the following 6–12 months. Follow-up was scheduled every 2 months through Skype video conference. The baseline diagnosis or preintervention evaluation was done using a tool adapted from previous reports (ie, international consensus and The Joint Commission international standards). Documentation related to ASPs, such as microbiological profiles, antimicrobial guidelines (AMG) and indicators for the adherence to them as well as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevention through protocols, were written and/or updated. Prevention and infection control requirements and protocols were also updated, and cleaning and antiseptic policies were created. Training in rational use of antibiotic, infection control and prevention, and cleaning and disinfection were carried out with the healthcare workers in each institution. Results: Before the intervention, the development of the ASP according to the tool was 27% (range, 5%–47%). The lowest institutional scores were the item related to ASP feedback and reports (11% on average), followed by education and training (14%), defined ASP responsibilities (23%), ASP function according to priorities (26%), and AMR surveillance (27%). After the intervention, the ASP development increased to 57% (range, 39%–81%) in the hospitals. The highest scores achieved were for education and training (90%), surveillance (75%), and the activities of the infection control committee (70%). The items that made the greatest contribution to ASP development were the individual antibiogram, including the bacteria resistance profile, and the development of the AMG based on the local epidemiology in each hospital. Conclusions: The implementation of an ASP should include training and education as well as defining outcomes according to the hospital’s needs. Once the strategy is implemented, follow-up is key to achieving the goals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Factors Among Enteral Fed Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110196
Author(s):  
Sitotaw Molla Mekonnen ◽  
Daniel Mengistu Bekele ◽  
Fikrtemariam Abebe Fenta ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains to be the most critical and frequent gastrointestinal disorder understood in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The presented study was intended to assess the prevalence of NEC and associated factors among enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates. Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates who were admitted at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from March 25/2020 to May 10/2020. The data were collected through neonates’ medical record chart review. A total of 350 participants were enrolled in to the study with the response rate of 99.43%. One hundred eighty-four (52.6%) of them were male. The majority 123 (35.1%) of them were (32 + 1 to 34) weeks gestational age. The prevalence of NEC was (25.4%) (n = 89, [95% CI; 21.1, 30.0]). Being ≤28 weeks gestational age (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.97]), being (28 + 1 to 32 weeks) gestational age (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [2.21, 8.31]), birth weight of 1000 to 1499 g (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.22, 4.33]), APGAR score ≤3 (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.32, 4.16]), prolonged labor (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.35, 6.38]), maternal chronic disease particularly hypertension (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.70, 5.90]), chorioamnionitis (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI [3.9, 13]), failure to breath/resuscitated (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.7, 4.4]), CPAP ventilation (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.50, 12.70]), mixed milk (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI [2.16, 9.32]) were factors significantly associated with NEC. Finally, the prevalence of NEC in the study area was high. So that, initiating the programs that could minimize this problem is required to avoid the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with NEC.

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