scholarly journals Relationship of Sanitation Parameters with Microbial Diversity and Load in Raw Meat from the Outlets of the Metropolitan City Biratnagar, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Operating Methods ◽  
Microbiological Procedures

The main aim of this study is to assess the microbial load of raw meat from outlets of Biratnagar and its relationship with several sanitation parameters. Samples were taken from meat outlets, and required microbiological procedures were followed as per guidelines. Approximately 63.6% of microbes were present in meat with poor sanitation while 36.4% were present in meat with good sanitation. Fungal contamination in poorly kept mutton was one and half times greater than chicken/mutton of good sanitation. Fungi such asPenicillium(21.3%),Mucor(16.3%),Aspergillus(15%), andTrichosporon(13.8%) were most predominant. 73.8% of meat samples containedStaphylococcusspp., 61.3% containedE. coli,48.8% ofPseudomonasspp., and 37.5% samples containedSalmonellaspp. Outlets selling both types of meat showed no significant difference in microbial types. Mean of TVC of meat is 8.2 log CFU/g. Mean TVC of mutton (7.6 log CFU/g) is lower than mean TVC of chicken/meat (8.5 log CFU/g) and differed significantly. Tiled outlets showed comparatively lower bacterial contamination than cemented outlets which was statistically significant (t = −3.16,p=0.002). With the difference among microbial type and few sanitation parameters being statistically significant, it can be suggested that outlets should be tiled (p=0.002), showcased (p=0.001), and the meat-handling employee must wear washed apron (p=0.013). Proper cleaning of water supply and use area (p≤0.001) and drainage (p=0.048) maintain a good meat sanitation (p≤0.001) which reduces microbial contamination significantly. To diminish microbiological load on meat sold in the Biratnagar city, standard operating methods should be practiced.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCE OF E.COLI CONTENT IN THE CHICKEN MEAT IN THE SOUTH KEPUTRAN TRADITIONAL MARKET AND SUPERMARKET ' X ' OF SURABAYA CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Athalla Permana ◽  
R. Bambang W
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Meat Samples

Hygiene and sanitation practices in chicken influenced Eschericia coli bacterial contamination in food. A Study conducted by Sasmita and Juwita mentioned that there was positively E.coli content in chicken meat in supermarket. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the difference of E.Coli content in chicken meat and personal hygiene of food handler. It was an observational study with cross sectional approach. The population of this study included traditional market sellers and supermarkets. The sample of this study consisted of 14 samples of chicken meat in which 7 samples came from the South Keputran traditional market and other 7 samples came from Supermarket ‘X’. Moreover, 7 traditional market sellers and 2 supermarkets were involved to be examined. Variables of the study were E.coli content in chicken meat from Traditional Market of South Keputran and Supermarket ‘X’ and personal hygiene. Samples of chicken meat was done by accidental sampling. Data were collected through interview and observation, whereas the difference of E-Coli content was analyzed using statistical test. The results of this study indicated that one of chicken meat samples positively contained E.Coli bacteria, and no significant differences of the E.coli content were found on the chicken meat samples from both the Traditional Market of South Keputran and Supermarket ‘X’. The suggestion that can be given to Supermarket ‘X’ seller is to control and pay close attention to the sanitation process from suppliers to retails

Occurrence and Characterization of Escherichia coli O157 and Other Serotypes in Raw Meat Products in Morocco

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2082-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANO BENEDUCE ◽  
GIUSEPPE SPANO ◽  
ARI Q. NABI ◽  
FRANCESCO LAMACCHIA ◽  
SALVATORE MASSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
The City

In this study, 100 raw meat samples were collected from 15 local Moroccan butcheries in five different areas of the city of Rabat during a period of 4 months. Overall, 7 of 15 butcheries from three areas of the city yielded strains of Escherichia coli O157. Single isolates from 9 (9%) of 100 raw meat samples were biochemically and serologically confirmed as E. coli O157. Using molecular techniques, two strains were positive for the Shiga toxin, with two additional strains containing an attaching-effacing gene. All potentially virulent serotypes isolated from these meat samples showed distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. Based on antibiotic susceptibility testing, more than 70% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and clavulanic acid–amoxicillin. Moreover, one strain was resistant to more than three antibiotics. Our study represents the first survey of E. coli O157 and related serotypes in raw meat products in Morocco.

Comparison of Student Pharmacists’ Clinical Interventions by Semester During APPE Internal Medicine and Critical Care Rotations

2020 ◽  
pp. 089719002093820
Author(s):  
Molly R. Casey ◽  
Susan M. Smith ◽  
Carrie L. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Student Progression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Students contribute to health care through clinical interventions made during rotations. Previous studies assessed student interventions through cost savings instead of student progression throughout the year. Objective: The purpose of this project is to assess clinical interventions made by student pharmacists completing internal medicine and critical care rotations during their Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPE) year to determine whether there is a difference in the number and type of interventions between three 3-block rotations, rotation type, and participation in a concentrated learning experience. Methods: Student clinical interventions from 2013 to 2018 were collected. Interventions were organized into categories and subcategories. The primary end point was the difference in the number of interventions between rotation blocks 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 9. Secondary objectives compared interventions based on rotation type and participation in a concentrated learning experience. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted. Results: A total of 848 interventions were analyzed. Average student interventions were 39 in blocks 1 to 3, 18 in blocks 4 to 6, and 62 in blocks 7 to 9. Interventions were significantly above the median for students in blocks 1 to 3 and blocks 7 to 9 compared to blocks 4 to 6 ( P = .048 and P = .036), respectively. Interventions were significantly above the median for students completing critical care rotations ( P = .03). No significant difference was noted in the number of interventions above the median based on participation in a concentrated learning experience ( P = .34). Conclusions: Although a difference exists in the number of interventions made during 3 semesters, more research is needed to assess the relationship of rotation block, student program, and rotation type to intervention number.

scholarly journals Rapid Enrichment Strategy for Isolation of Listeria from Bovine Hide, Carcass, and Meat Samples†

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL N. GUERINI ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Bovine Hide ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Vermont

Since the outbreak of foodborne illness linked to Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria in ground beef in the early 1980s, the beef processing industry has focused on increasing the safety of beef products by implementing procedures for surveying live cattle, carcasses, and beef products for bacterial pathogens. Effective methods are in place for screening cattle and beef products for the presence of E. coli O157:H7 contamination, and recent work has established the acceptability of these methods for surveillance of Salmonella. In keeping with the need to continually improve the food safety of beef products, new work investigating pathogen prevalence now includes surveillance for Listeria monocytogenes. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) has been documented as a robust nonselective medium for the enrichment of both E. coli and Salmonella from bovine hide, carcass, and meat samples. The University of Vermont modification medium is most often used as the primary enrichment medium for surveillance of Listeria spp. In this study, samples from bovine hides (n = 50), preevisceration carcasses (n = 50), and beef trim (n = 193) were used to evaluate TSB as a primary enrichment medium for the isolation of Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes. No significant difference (P > 0.05) between TSB and the University of Vermont modification medium was observed when all three sample types underwent primary enrichment for the isolation of Listeria spp. Furthermore, the standard secondary enrichment ratio for Fraser broth used for Listeria recovery can be modified to accommodate a high-throughput method for processing multiple samples.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Photocatalytic Ionisation Disinfection of Filter Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA PIETRZAK ◽  
BEATA GUTAROWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Used Car

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of photocatalytic ionisation as a disinfection method for filter materials contaminated by microorganisms, and to assess how air relative humidity (RH), time and microbe type influence the effectiveness of this disinfection. In the quantitative analysis of a used car air filter, bacterial contamination equalled 1.2 x 10(5) cfu/cm2, fungal contamination was 3.8 x 10(6) cfu/cm2, and the isolated microorganisms were Aspergillus niger, Bacillus megaterium, Cladosporium herbarum, Cryptococcus laurenti, Micrococcus sp., Rhodotorula glutinis and Staphylococcus cohnii. In the model experiment, three isolates (C. herbarum, R. glutinis, S. cohnii) and 3 ATCC species (A. niger, E. coli, S. aureus) were used for photocatalytic ionisation disinfection. The conditions of effective photocatalytic ionisation disinfection (R > or = 99.9%) were established as 2-3 h at RH = 77% (bacteria) and 6-24 h at RH = 53% (fungi). RH has an influence on the effectiveness of the photocatalytic disinfection process; the highest effectiveness was obtained for bacteria at RH = 77%, with results 5% higher than for RH = 49%. The studies show that the sensitivity of microorganisms to photocatalytic ionisation disinfection is ordered as follows: Gram-positive bacteria (S. cohnii, S. aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), yeasts (R. glutinis), and moulds (C. herbarum, A. niger). Of all the mathematical models used for the description of death dynamics after photocatalytic ionisation disinfection, the Chick-Watson model is the most useful, but for more resistant microorganisms, the delayed Chick-Watson model is highly recommended. It therefore seems, that the presented disinfection method of photocatalytic ionisation can be successfully used to clean filtration materials.

Relationship of Microcomputer-Based Instruction and Learning Style

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolena L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Instruction And Learning ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this technological age, sight must not be lost in recognizing individual differences in applying technology to the instructional process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between achievement of field-dependent and field-independent students using microcomputer instruction. T-test was calculated on mean posttest scores to analyze the difference between the groups. There was a significant difference at the 0.5 level in testing the null hypothesis of no difference between the groups in this study.

scholarly journals The interaction of Gram negative bacteria and S. mansoni in mice with experimental Schistosomiasis

1980 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heonir Rocha ◽  
Vanete S. Oliveira ◽  
Moema Magnavita G. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Portal System ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Animals (122 mice) were infected each with eighty cercariae of S. mansoni and subsequently challenged intravenously eight weeks later with the following gram-negative organisms. S. typhi, E. coli, Klebsiella-enterobacter species, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enumeration of bacteria in the liver, spleen and blood and S. mansoni from the portal sistem was performed from one to four weeks later in infected animals. A significant difference between infection produced by S. typhi and other gram negative organisms was observed: S. typhi persisted longer in the spleen and liver and could be recovered from S. mansoni worms up to three weeks following bacterial infection. Other gram negative bacteria disappeared from S. mansoni worms after two weeks of initial challenge. Additional animals (51 mice) infected with S. mansoni were given S. typhi, E. coli or sterile saline. After two weeks, animals were sacrificed and the recovery rate of worms from the portal system, and the mesenteric and hepatic oogram were determined. in animals infected with E. coli a significant decrease in the number of worms was observed compared to the saline control group; thirty worms were recovered in the control group compared to two worms in e. coli infected animals. In addition, the patterns of oviposition was significantly different in these latter animals suggesting complete inhibition of this process. Following S. typhi infection the difference in recovery of worms and pattern of oviposition was minimal. These findings suggest a difference in the interaction of various gram negative bacteria and S. mansoni and are consistent with the clinical observation of prolonged salmonella bacteremia in patients with schistosomiasis.

Prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli on the External Packaging of Raw Meat

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. BURGESS ◽  
C. L. LITTLE ◽  
G. ALLEN ◽  
K. WILLIAMSON ◽  
R. T. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Raw Meats

During September and October 2002, 3,662 prepackaged raw meat samples were collected to evaluate the extent and nature of microbiological contamination on external surfaces of the packaging, which could potentially cross-contaminate ready-to-eat foods during and after purchase. Salmonella was detected on two (<1%) samples of external packaging (both from raw chicken), and Campylobacter was detected on 41 (1.1%) samples of external packaging. The external packaging of game fowl exhibited the highest Campylobacter contamination (3.6%), followed by raw chicken (3.0%), lamb (1.6%), turkey (0.8%), pork (0.2%), and beef (0.1%); Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli accounted for 59% (24 of 41) and 24% (10 of 41) of the contaminating Campylobacter species, respectively. C. coli isolates from the external packaging were more multiresistant to antimicrobial drugs, including quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, than was C. jejuni. Escherichia coli (an indicator of fecal contamination) was isolated from the external packaging on 4% of the raw meat samples at levels of 40 to 105 CFU per swab. The external packaging of raw meats is a vehicle for potential cross-contamination by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli in retail premises and consumers' homes. The external surface of heat-sealed packaging was less frequently contaminated with Campylobacter and E. coli compared with other types of packaging (e.g., overwrapping, bag, and tie tape) (P < 0.0001 to 0.01). In addition, external packaging of raw meats was contaminated less frequently with Campylobacter and E. coli when packaging was intact, packaging and display areas were visually clean, display temperatures were below 8°C, and hazard analysis systems were in place.

Presence and Level of Campylobacter, Coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Total Aerobic Bacteria Recovered from Broiler Parts with and without Skin

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. BERRANG ◽  
S. R. LADELY ◽  
R. J. BUHR
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Skin Samples

This study was undertaken to determine if broiler chicken parts without skin are less contaminated with Campylobacter than those with skin. Samples were taken in a commercial plant from defeathered carcasses before evisceration. Bacterial counts from rinse of aseptically removed meat samples were lower than those from stomached skin samples. No Campylobacter were recovered from meat collected from the breasts or thighs, and only 2 of 10 drumstick meat samples had detectable levels of Campylobacter. However, 9 of 10 breast skin, 10 of 10 thigh skin, and 8 of 10 drumstick skin samples were positive for Campylobacter, with between 2 and 3 log10 CFU/g of Campylobacter. Breasts, thighs, and drumsticks were removed from broiler carcasses following evisceration before entering the chill tank. There was a significant difference (50 to 90%) in the levels of Campylobacter on breasts, thighs, and drumsticks with and without skin. Similar trends were noted for coliform, Escherichia coli, and total aerobic bacterial counts from samples collected in the plant. Broiler part samples were also collected at retail outlets. These samples were either skin on and skinned in the laboratory or skin off at purchase. Aseptic removal of skin from broiler breasts, thighs, and drumsticks did not cause change in Campylobacter, coliform, E. coli, or total aerobic counts recovered from the skinned part. Likewise, parts purchased without skin did not have different bacterial counts than paired parts purchased with the skin on. Consumers should not expect to significantly lower the number of bacteria present on a chicken breast, thigh, or drumstick by removing the skin.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Raw Meat in Greater Accra Region, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Dsani ◽  
Edwin Andrews Afari ◽  
Anthony Danso-Appiah ◽  
Ernest Kenu ◽  
Basil Benduri Kaburi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Meat Samples

Abstract BackgroundTypically, raw meat can be contaminated with antimicrobial resistant pathogens at unhygienic slaughter and sale points. Consumption of meat contaminated with antimicrobial resistant E. coli is associated with grave health care consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of raw meat, the antimicrobial susceptibility and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from raw meat.ResultsTotal Plate Counts exceeded the acceptable limit of 5.0 log CFU/ cm2 in 60.5% (124/205) of raw meat samples. Total Coliform Counts in 70.7% (145/205) of samples were in excess of the acceptable limit of 2.5 log CFU/cm2. E. coli was detected in about half of raw meat samples (48%), ranging from 9.5% -79.0% among the slaughter sites. Isolates were susceptible to meropenem (100%), ceftriaxone (99%), cefotaxime (98%), chloramphenicol (97%), gentamycin (97%), ciprofloxacin (92%) and amikacin (92%), but resistant to ampicillin (57%), tetracycline (45%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (21%) and cefuroxime (17%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was identified in 22% of the isolates. The blaTEM gene was detected in 4% (4/98) of E. coli isolates in this study.ConclusionThe levels of microbial contamination of raw meat in this study were unacceptable. Meat handlers and consumers are at risk of foodborne infections from E. coli including ESBL producing E. coli that are resistant to most antibiotics in use. We recommend an enhanced surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in food products for the early detection of emerging resistant bacteria species in the food chain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document