Grain and Flour Wheat Quality Modified by Genotype, Availability of Nitrogen, and Growing Season

The objective of the present study was to determine physical and chemical parameters that determine grain and flour quality of wheat grown in Mexico’s highlands (Toluca, Estado de Mexico) as a response of nitrogen fertilization and growing season. Experiments were carried out in winter-spring 2010 (irrigation) and summer-autumn 2011 (rainfed) season cycles. Nine wheat cultivars were tested under four levels of nitrogen fertilization (N00, N100, N200, and N300 kg N·ha−1) with a population density of 336 seeds m−2. For each growing season and N rate, three replications were performed for each experiment under a randomized complete block design. Best quality indexes were obtained in the winter-spring cycle as a result of genetic variability. Nitrogen availability modified significantly some quality parameters (grain and flour protein, test weight, and hardness) obtaining the highest values at a rate of 100 kg N·ha−1. On the other hand, volume of sedimentation showed positive effects only at a rate of 300 kg N·ha−1. This rate showed positive effects on grain and flour protein, sedimentation volume, and hardness during the summer-autumn cycle. Eneida F94, Tollocan F2005, and Urbina S2007 cultivars presented the highest grain and flour protein content of tested varieties. Finally, Eneida F94 and Tollocan F2005 presented the highest test weight and flour percentage.

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Residual Nitrogen Contributions from Grain Legumes to the Growth and Development of Succeeding Maize Crop

ISRN Agronomy ◽

10.5402/2012/213729 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. A. Adeleke ◽

I. M. Haruna

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Residual Nitrogen ◽

Four Levels ◽

Growth Characters

Field experiment was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research Farm at Samaru, Nigeria in 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons to investigate the residual nitrogen contributions by four legume crops (soyabean, cowpea, lablab, and groundnut) to the growth and development of succeeding maize given four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha−1). In 2008, the treatments consisted of four legumes, maize and a fallow period. The six treatments were laid out using randomized complete block design replicated four times. In 2009, maize crop was planted on the previous crops’ plots and fallow. The experimental design used was split-plot with previous legumes, maize, or fallow as main plots, and the four nitrogen fertilizer treatments as subplots. Results obtained showed that nitrogen availability in the top soils of the previous legumes and fallow compared with that of maize plot was increased by 250, 200, 170, 107 and 157% after lablab, groundnut, cowpea, soyabean and fallow, respectively. Maize grown on previous lablab plot significantly recorded higher growth characters compared with maize following other legumes and fallow. Growth of maize was highest with the application of lower rates of nitrogen after lablab and groundnut compared with maize after maize.

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE UNDER Azospirillum brasilense INOCULATION AND TOP-DRESSING NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms2020v19e1185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

VINÍCIUS BALEIRO FERNANDES ◽

FABIO LUIZ CHECCHIO MINGOTTE ◽

ORLANDO FERREIRA MORELLO ◽

ANDERSON PRATES COELHO ◽

LEANDRO BORGES LEMOS

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pre Treatment

Maize inoculation with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum can reduce the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers to obtain maximum grain yield. In this context, the aim was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense associated with nitrogen fertilization on the maize agronomic performance. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. Four inoculation managements with Azospirillum brasilense (T0 - control without inoculation; TC2 - seed box inoculation, 200x108 viable cells ha-1; TC3 - seed box inoculation, 400x108 viable cells ha-1; TS1 - previous inoculation of the seeds, 600x108 viable cells ha-1) associated with four top-dressing N doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), applied at maize stage V6 by urea. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense associated with top-dressing nitrogen fertilization increases the number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear and grain yield of maize, mainly due to its positive effects on plant nutrition. Managements with seed box inoculation with 400x108 viable cells per ha (TC3) and inoculation in seed pre-treatment (TS1) are the most recommended for maize.

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Western Sudan Arabi camel hides attributes and leather quality characteristics

Open Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.17352/ojeb.000025 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 040-043

Author(s):

Ebrahiem Mohammed Alhadi ◽

Idris Idris Adam

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Breaking Load ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Chemical Quality ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physical And Chemical Quality ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study was aimed to evaluate camel hide attributes and leather quality characteristics of Western Sudan Arabi camel. Thirty pieces of fresh camel hides from three subtypes of Western Sudan Arabi camel ecotype (10 pieces from each of Kababish, Meidob, and Hawawir subtypes) were collected, cured, and tanned. Physical and chemical quality parameters were assessed. The data were analyzed using the Complete Randomized Block design. The results revealed that Significant differences (P≤0.05) were detected among Western Sudan Arabi camel subtypes fresh hides thickness and weight. Kababish hide thickness and weight were recorded the highest value of 0.155±0.4 cm and 11.7±1.3 Kg respectively in comparison to Meidob (0.145±0.3 cm and 8.6±1.2 Kg) and Hawawir (0.143±0.4 cm and 7.7±2.2 Kg). Kababish hides thickness value was above the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. While Meidob and Hawawir hide thickness values were blew the minimum Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Physical quality parameters; elongation, tensile strength, resistance to grain cracking, breaking load, and tear strength; were in the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather physical quality of 100%, 200 Kg/cm2, 7N/cm, 8 N/cm, and 100 Kg/cm2respectively. Whilst flexibility parameter was below the Sudanese standard threshold specification for cattle leather quality. Chemical quality parameters were in the Sudanese standards threshold specification for cattle leather chemical quality of 18%, 4.5%, 2.5%, and 11% for moisture, Ash, chrome oxide, and fat contents respectively.

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Responses of Several Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Cultivars to Second Nitrogen Fertilization at Early Reproductive Stage

AGROSAINSTEK Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian ◽

10.33019/agrosainstek.v1i2.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Sosiawan Nusifera ◽

JS Simanjuntak ◽

MS Fitriani

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Reproductive Stage ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Significance Level ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Four Levels ◽

Pod Number

Research aimed to know responses of several mungbean cultivars to second nitrogen fertilization at early reproductive stage and find the best dose for each cultivar, was conducted in experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University started from January 2016 until March 2016. This was a factorial experiment arranged in randomized block design with two replications. The first factor was mungbean cultivars comprised four levels namely ‘Betet’,’Walet’, ‘Parkit’, ‘Perkutut’ and the second factor was second nitrogen fertilization comprised three levels namely without second fertilization, 30 kg N ha-1 , 40 kg N ha-1 , 50 kg N ha-1 . Variables observed were period of reproductive stage (days), number of pod per plant, number of filled pod per plant, seed weight per plant (g), and 1000 seed weight (g). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance continued with LSD test with significance level of 5%. Results indicated that there were different responses among four mungbean cultivars to second nitrogen fertilization at early reproductive stage, especially on variables of filled pod number per plant and seed weight per plant. Best dose for each cultivar was 40 kg N ha-1 for ‘Walet’ and 30 kg N ha-1 for Parkit, whereas on cultivar ‘Betet’ and ‘Perkutut’, second N fertilization seemed to have no significant effect.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein and carbohydrate fractions of Marandu palisadegrass

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94098-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rhaony Gonçalves Leite ◽

Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽

Natália Vilas Boas Fonseca ◽

Maria Luisa Curvelo Silva ◽

Luís Orlindo Tedeschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Growing Season ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Four Levels ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

AbstractThe effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels on protein and carbohydrate fractions in Marandu palisadegrass pasture [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] were investigated in a pasture over five years. The experimental design was completely randomized with four levels of N (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha-1, as urea) for five years, and with three replicates. The study was conducted in a continuously stocked pasture during the forage growing season (December to April) in a tropical region. The effects of N fertilization were similar across the five years. With increasing N fertilization, the concentrations of crude protein (CP) increased from 103 to 173 g kg−1 (P < 0.001), soluble fractions (Fraction A + B1) increased from 363 to 434 g kg−1 of total CP (P = 0.006); neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased from 609 to 556 g kg−1 (P = 0.037); indigestible NDF (P = 0.046), potentially degradable neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.037), and acid detergent fiber decreased (P = 0.05), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) increased (P < 0.001). Increasing N fertilization decreased the concentrations of Fraction C (P = 0.014) and total carbohydrates (P < 0.0001), and increased CP:organic matter digestibility (P < 0.01). Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber free of ash and protein (P = 0.003), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber potentially degradable (P = 0.11), CP (P < 0.001), Fraction A + B1 (P < 0.001), Fraction B2 (P < 0.001), Fraction B3 (P < 0.01), and non-structural carbohydrates differed (P < 0.001) across years. Therefore, N fertilization can be used to increase CP, soluble protein, and TDN.

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Effects of Tomato Pomace Composts on Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽

Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽

Antigolena FOLINA ◽

Aristidis KONSTANTAS ◽

Ilias TRAVLOS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Tomato Pomace ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Solids Content ◽

Humus Soil

Organic farming encourages the use of organic waste materials as substitutes for chemical fertilizers. Tomato pomace presents an alternative to inorganic fertilizer. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of tomato pomace composts and nitrogen fertilization on agronomic and quality parameters of the processing tomato. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and five fertilization treatments (untreated, nitrogen fertilizer, tomato pomace with biocyclic humus soil, tomato pomace with manure and tomato pomace with plant residues). The results showed that the highest average fruit weight and fruit yield (163.4 t/ha) were found in plots subjected to nitrogen fertilization, while the highest total soluble solids content (4.29 °Brix), and L* and a* colour parameters, important quality parameters to processing tomato industry, were obtained through the application of tomato pomace mixed with biocyclic humus soil making organic tomatoes suitable for processing tomato industry.

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Improving Carrot Yield and Quality through the Use of Bio-slurry Manure

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v2n1p164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Agnes Jeptoo ◽

Joseph N Aguyoh ◽

Mwanarusi Saidi

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Continuous Cultivation ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Daucus Carota L ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Four Levels ◽

And Performance

<p>Continuous cultivation of farms has led to decline in soil fertility due to constant removal of nutrients leading to reduction of carrot (Daucus carota L.)<strong> </strong>yields. A field study was carried out at Egerton University, Horticulture Research and Teaching field in two seasons (October 2010 to January 2011 and February to May 2011) with the aim of investigating the effects of decomposed cattle bio-slurry manure on carrot growth and performance. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Treatments comprised four levels (0, 2.6, 5.2 and 7.8 t/ha) of decomposed bio-slurry manure. Growth, yield and quality parameters were recorded and used to discern the treatment effects. Application of bio-slurry manure generally improved growth, yield and quality of carrots. Application of 7.8 t/ha of bio-slurry increased yields by 8.8% in season 1 and 23.5% in season 2 compared to the control. Leaf numbers, plant height, dry weights of shoot and roots and root volume were also generally higher for the 7.8 t/ha treatment compared to other treatments. Total Soluble Solids of roots from plant treated with 7.8 t/ha were higher by 12.7% in season 1 and 13.2% in season 2 compared to the control. The study recommends 7.8 t/ha of bio-slurry manure for enhanced yield and quality of carrot.</p>

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Influence of nitrogen, environment, and cultivars on the industrial quality of wheat

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6p2571 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 2571 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raphael Rossi Silva ◽

Claudemir Zucareli ◽

Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽

Diego Gazola ◽

Carlos Roberto Riede

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Sedimentation Volume ◽

The Stability

The quality of wheat is a pre-eminent factor in the criteria for commercialization of this cereal, and several parameters contribute to the evaluation of wheat quality. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the cover and the environment for wheat cultivars and the effects on the industrial quality of the grain. Furthermore, we sought to identify correlations between the parameters of industrial quality. Experiments were conducted in Londrina for 2 years, in two distinct environments (A1 and A2). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cultivars IPR Catuara TM, BRS Gaivota, Quartzo, and CD 120 were evaluated with different forms of nitrogen management: N1, without N in coverage; N2, 60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering; N3, 80 kg ha-1 of N in urea formulation (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 20 kg ha-1 in booting); N4, 100 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 40 kg ha-1 in booting); N5, 80 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 20 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting); N6, 100 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 40 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting). Further, we evaluated grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and parameters of alveograph and farinograph. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence industrial quality parameters. The stability of the mass was influenced by the isolated effects of cultivars and the environment. The interaction of cultivars and environments influenced the parameters of alveograph and water absorption of the mass. The higher the protein content, the lower the stability of the mass, independent of the cultivar.

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Bulb Quality and Storability of Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Affected by Varieties and Intra-Row Spacing in Antsokia Gemza, Ethiopia

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i3.580-586.2954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 580

Author(s):

Birtukan Asmirew ◽

Yohannes Gedamu ◽

Asrat Ayalew

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Block Design ◽

Computer Software ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Matter Content ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Four Levels

This experiment was conducted in Antsokia Gemza district, Ethiopia in 2017/18 to evaluate the effect of intra-row spacing on bulb quality and storability of onion varieties. A 4×4 factorial experiment with four different varieties (Adama Red, Bombay Red, Melkam and Shendi) and four levels of intra-row spacing (5.00, 7.50, 10.00 and 12.50 cm) was laid on randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on bulb quality attributes and storability and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using statistical analysis system (SAS) computer software 9.1. The mean separation test was done by list significant difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level. Simple linear correlation analyses between and among the different parameters were made using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Accordingly, most of the parameters were significantly affected by intra-row spacing and variety. Variety Melkam exhibited the highest bulb diameter, bulb length, bulb dry matter content and bulb fresh weight. Melkam and Adama Red were with the lowest weight loss in storage while Bombay Red and Shendi scored the highest weight loss in storage. Most of the bulb quality parameters were significantly highest at the widest intra-row spacing of 10.00 and 12.50 cm. However, there was no significant variation between 7.50 and 10.00 cm intra-row spacing on average bulb weight which is considered as the most important bulb quality parameter for the producers from the market point of view. Weight loss was higher at the widest intra-row spacing for all varieties. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the bulb quality and storability of onion in Antsokia Gemza district can be optimized through cultivating variety Melkam at intra-row spacing of 7.5 cm.

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Effect of Drought and Irrigation Management on Two Rice Mutants of Bangladesh

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2020/v4i330089 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

M. A. Islam ◽

M. H. Ali ◽

P. Biswas

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Growing Season ◽

Drought Condition ◽

Crop Species ◽

Irrigation Condition ◽

Four Levels

Drought stress is a major constraint to the sustainable production of of crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a drought-sensitive crop species. The experiment was carried out to investigate the response of two rice mutants to drought condition and to develop appropriate irrigation management. Experiment was conducted at mini-lysimeter (1.5 m x 1.0 m x 0.28 m, having drainage outlet and rain-shed) at BINA, Mymensingh in Aman season (August to October, 2017) and Aus season (March to June, 2018) consecutively. The mutants used were N4/250/P-1(2) and N4/250/P-2(6)-26. The mutants were tested against four levels of drought stress. The imposed treatments were: Normal irrigation (3 days AWD), supplemental irrigation (ASM drops below 85%, throughout the growing season), irrigation at 0.85 ASM (up to booting stage) then irrigation at 0.60 PASM, irrigation at 0.85 ASM (throughout the growing season). Treatments were imposed after 3 weeks from transplanting. Experiment was laid out according to random complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangements and three replications. The results showed that the mutants produced reasonable yield under stress condition compared to normal irrigation condition, which indicates their tolerance capacity under drought condition. Rice drought tolerance could help the country deal with the shortages in water that are facing Bangladesh farmers already.

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